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| Toyota KR engine | |
|---|---|
 1KR-FE in aDaihatsu Sirion | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Daihatsu |
| Production | 2004–present |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | Straight-3 |
| Displacement | 1.0 L (998 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 71 mm (2.8 in) |
| Piston stroke | 84 mm (3.31 in) |
| Cylinder block material | Aluminium |
| Cylinder head material | Aluminium |
| Valvetrain | DOHC4 valves x cyl. withVVT-i |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | On 1KR-VET only |
| Fuel system | Multi-point fuel injection |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 48–72 kW (64–97 bhp; 65–98 PS) |
| Torque output | 85–140 N⋅m (63–103 lb⋅ft) |
| Dimensions | |
| Dry weight | 69 kg (152 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | |
TheToyota KR engine family is astraight-3piston engine, designed byDaihatsu, a subsidiary of Toyota. The 1KR series uses aluminium engine blocks and chain drivenDOHC cylinder heads. It usesmulti-point fuel injection, and has4 valves per cylinder. Some versions haveVVT-i variable valve timing. The engine is exceptionally light: 69 kg (152 lb) with all ancillaries.
The1KR-FE is a 1.0 L (998 cc) version built inJapan andPoland. Bore and stroke is 71 mm × 84 mm (2.80 in × 3.31 in), with acompression ratio of 10.5:1. Output is 67 PS (49 kW; 66 bhp) at 6000 rpm with 91 N⋅m (67 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4800 rpm - and a rev-limit of 6500 rpm - or 71 PS (52 kW; 70 bhp) at 6000 rpm with 94 N⋅m (69 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm. When originally on sale it metEuropean emission standard EU4 requirements and had CO2 levels of 109 g/km, but current applications meetEuropean emission standard EU5 and can have CO2 levels as low as 99 g/km.[1] This engine has been given the 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010[2]International Engine of the Year awards in the sub-1.0 liter category.
The engine was also adapted to meetEuropean emission standard EU6 and can have CO2 levels as low as 88/89 g/km inToyota Aygo orCitroën C1/Peugeot 108 since 2014 inNEDC.
The1KR-DE is the non-VVT-i variant of the 1KR engine made by Daihatsu. It produces less power andtorque than the 1KR-FE. Output is 65 PS (48 kW; 64 bhp) at 6000 rpm and 85 N⋅m (63 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm. Bore and stroke is 71 mm × 84 mm (2.80 in × 3.31 in), while theengine displacement is 1.0 L (998 cc).[3][4]
The 1KR-DE was specially designed for the IndonesianLCGC (Low Cost Green Car) market to reduce cost. The cylinder head cover is made from a light weight plastic-resin material. Theexhaust manifold is integrated to the cylinder head together with thecatalytic converter andoxygen sensor to save even more weight as well as helping the engine to warm up quicker, reducing total exhaust emissions. There was an overall saving of 10 kg (22 lb).[5]
The1KR-DE2 is the more powerful variant of the 1KR-DE engine which is redesigned byPerodua. It produces 66 PS (49 kW; 65 bhp) at 6000 rpm and 90 N⋅m (66 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3600 rpm. Like the 1KR-DE, bore and stroke are at 71 mm × 84 mm (2.80 in × 3.31 in), respectively andengine displacement remains at 1.0 L (998 cc)[7][8] The 1KR-DE2 achievesEuro IV emission standard and it is very fuel efficient due to the ECO Mode, where the engine will exchange drop one cylinder for every two cycles[citation needed], effectively achieving the economy of a 0.6 L (600 cc) engine, surpasses the 1KR-DE. The compression ratio for this engine is 11:1.[9]
The1KR-VE is a more powerful variant made by Perodua specifically improved version from the 1KR-DE2 which is made for the newest edition in the Perodua family.[10] New 1.0-litre VVT-i engine is lighter & compact for betterfuel consumption, better performance, reduced vibration & noise level. It was specifically made for the 1.0-litre variant for Perodua's first solely in-house manufactured car which is the Perodua Bezza. It is a modified and refined version of the 1KR-DE2 engine from the Perodua Axia. The new 1KR-VE engine produces 68 PS (50 kW; 67 bhp) at 6,000 rpm and 91 N⋅m (67 lb⋅ft) at 4,400 rpm, offering a mild 1 hp (0.75 kW) and 1 N⋅m (0.74 lb⋅ft) increase over the Axia's 1KR-DE2 plant. Perodua claims ECE fuel consumption figures of 22.8 km/L (64 mpg‑imp; 54 mpg‑US) for the manual variant and 21.3 km/L (60 mpg‑imp; 50 mpg‑US) with the automatic, both exhibiting a 1.2 km/L (3.4 mpg‑imp; 2.8 mpg‑US) improvement over the old 1KR-DE2. The new 1KR-VE engine now features variable-valve timing with intelligence (VVT-i) on the intake valves. Several minor changes and refinements were also introduced for increasedfuel efficiency and more linear power delivery. Notable changes include a higher 11.5:1 compression ratio, a high-tumble intake port, a longerintake manifold, micro fuel spray injection and low-friction valve lifters.
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The1KR-VET (996 cc) is aturbocharged version of the 1KR-FE with lowered compression ratio of 9.5:1 and redline of 6200 rpm. Produced by Daihatsu for use in the top-of-the-range version of theDaihatsu Thor and theA200/A250 series Rocky. It delivers 98 PS (72 kW; 97 bhp) and 140–149 N⋅m (103–110 lb⋅ft) of torque.
Revised version used in PSA Citroën C1/Peugeot 108 since 2016. First appeared in Citroën C1 UrbanRide and Elle special editions and later rolled out to all. The engine was modified to meet the Euro 6.2 emission standard[11] whilst boosting performance to 73 PS (54 kW; 72 bhp) and economy up to 58.8 mpg on combined WLTP cycle while keeping emissions at 110 g/km co2 on WLTP cycle.[citation needed]
