TheToyota Alphard (Japanese:トヨタ・アルファード,Hepburn:Toyota Arufādo) is alarge MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) produced by the Japanese automakerToyota since 2002. It is available as a seven or eight-seater withpetrol andhybrid engine options. Hybrid variants have been available since 2003, which incorporates Toyota'sHybrid Synergy Drive technology. It is Toyota's flagship MPV.[3]
The Alphard is primarily made for the Japanese market, but is also sold in many Asian countries,[4] Belarus,[4] Russia,[5] and the Middle East.[6] Similar to theCamry, it is often regarded as aluxury car in Southeast Asian markets.
Since the second generation, a twin model calledToyota Vellfire (Japanese:トヨタ・ヴェルファイア,Hepburn:Toyota Verufaia) has also been available, which is marketed as a sportier alternative to the Alphard and exclusively marketed by theNetz Store dealership chain until 2020. Since 2019, a modified and more upscale version of the model has been sold as theLexus LM.
The vehicle was named afterAlphard,[7] the brighteststar in theconstellationHydra. Until the third generation, the Alphard wears a special front emblem which depicts the lowercasealpha letter.[8] A prominent design feature of the Alphard is its shield-like grille, which it has had since the launch of the AH30 generation in 2015.
The name "Vellfire" was derived from "velvet" and "fire" to emphasize "smooth" and "passionate" as characteristics of the vehicle.[9] Starting from the AH30 generation, the Vellfire has been given aggressive styling to reflect being the sportier version of the Alphard. As of the AH40 generation, the Vellfire received its own unique insignia in the form of a stylized 'V', in an effort to further distinguish it from its twin.
The Alphard was launched by Toyota on 22 May 2002.[11][7] Developed under the lead of chief engineer Hideyuki Iwata,[12] the first-generation model is based on thesecond-generation Previa/Estima, which in turn shares many components with theCamry.[13]
The first-generation Alphard was designed with curvaceous styling that created the illusion of a smaller vehicle, to attract younger customers in the 30–40 years old range.[14] By adopting afront-wheel drive layout, Toyota eliminated the need for a space-consuming drive shaft, which was a drawback in its predecessor, theGranvia / Grand HiAce. Although Toyota initially considered offering a diesel engine option, concerns regardingemissions and fuel efficiency regulations led to its exclusion.[12]
During its introduction, then Toyota president Fujio Cho acknowledged that the Alphard competes in the same segment as thesecond-generation Nissan Elgrand, which was released a day before the Alphard.[15] Notably, the first-generation Alphard introduced rear side windows that could be rolled down and an optional electric-powered tailgate, distinguishing it from other vehicles in the segment at that time including the Elgrand.[16][17]
The Alphard V was exclusively available at the Netz Store, while the Alphard G featured a distinct grille design and was exclusive to the Toyopet Store. Toyota set a monthly sales target of 4,000 units for the V model and 2,500 units for the G model in Japan, totaling 6,500 units.[18]
The Alphard was refreshed in April 2005. The design of the front grille, bumper, headlamps, and rear combination lamps and garnish was updated. For the 3.0-litre model, the 4-speed automatic transmission was replaced with a 5-speed.[19]
In 2006, a Royal Lounge Alphard was introduced.[20] It is a more upmarket, four-seat version of the Alphard G.
For model year 2007, on Japanese models only,G-BOOK, a subscriptiontelematics service, was offered as an option.
Ahybrid version was also added to the lineup in MY 2003, featuring a 2.4-litre2AZ-FXEAtkinson cycle petrol engine with a power output of 133 PS (98 kW; 131 hp) and 190 N⋅m (140 lb⋅ft) of torque which has been developed specifically for use in Toyota'sHybrid Synergy Drive technology and features a high-expansion ratio cycle that raisesefficiency and reduces friction; however, this led to reliability problems of pistons' rings premature wear and consequent high oil consumption due to the poorly designed ring in order to minimize friction.[21][22]
The Alphard Hybrid uses "by-wire" technology that monitors brake pedal pressure and vehicle speed in order to calculate the optimum hydraulic pressure. By-wire works with the E-FourAWD system to maximize the collection of kinetic energy from braking for conversion into electric power. The Alphard Hybrid can also generate up to 1,500 watts and is equipped with 100-volt AC power outlets, to power external appliances such as laptops and emergency lights.
In Japan, the Alphard Hybrid locally qualifies as an Ultra-Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV), achieving emission levels 75% lower than the Japanese government's year 2000 benchmark.
After being previewed as theFT-MV in 2007, the second generation Alphard went on sale in May 2008. For this generation, a twin model called theVellfire, was introduced as the successor of Alphard V, with a split headlight and taillight design. According to Toyota's press release, the Alphard is described as having an "elegant and sophisticated" design while the Vellfire emphasizes on "strength and strong individuality".
Developed under the guidance of chief engineer Yuzo Nakagoshi,[23] the second generation Alphard adapted many similar design cues from the first generation, featuring similarly-designed headlights and taillights. Both models are sold via separate distribution channels, with the Alphard sold by Toyota's Toyopet Store dealership chain, while the Vellfire is sold at Toyota's youth oriented Netz Store dealership chain.
Variants of the Alphard/Vellfire include:
2.4-litre petrol 2-wheel drive - ANH20 (Alphard/Vellfire)
2.4-litre petrol 4-wheel drive (Toyota ATC/DTC) - ANH25 (Alphard/Vellfire)
3.5-litre petrol 2-wheel drive - GGH20 (Alphard/Vellfire)
3.5-litre petrol 4-wheel drive (Toyota ATC/DTC) - GGH25 (Alphard/Vellfire)
Alphard X/Vellfire X - Available with 2.4 and 3.5 petrol engines. Base spec model, Beige cloth interior, 7 or 8 seats, usually just one powered door, xenon headlights, many options available.
Alphard S/Vellfire Z - Available with 2.4 and 3.5 petrol engines. Middle spec. Sportier exterior with body side mouldings and deeper front and rear bumpers. Dark grey/black cloth interior, 7 seat only with ottomans, powered doors on both sides, LED strip lighting, powered mirrors, climate control front and rear. Many special edition variants adding various option packs, usually including a powered tailgate and/or cruise control and/or part-leather trim:
Alphard G/Vellfire V - Available with 2.4 and 3.5 petrol engines. Top spec of standard range. Beige cloth interior, 7 or 8 seats, powered doors on both sides. Cruise control standard. Electric powered front seats with drivers memory, front passenger seat has a powered ottomon (leg rest). Powered tailgate is an option.
Alphard S - C Package/Vellfire Z - G Package - Available with 3.5 engine only up until November 2011. 7 seats only. Dark grey/black cloth interior only, black heated leather an option. Body style as with S/Z variants. Adds middle row captain chairs with powered ottomans and powered recline, side and tailgate doors powered, twin sunroof an option. Premium sound system an option with factory rear monitor.
Alphard G - L Package/Vellfire V - L Package - Available with 3.5 engine only up until November 2011. 7 seats only. Standard beige leather, upgraded middle row captain chairs also in leather with powered recline and powered ottomons. Front seats heated. Twin sunroofs standard. Option to have middle row seats heated and ventilated. Radar Cruise Control and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) optional.
Royal Lounge - Available with 3.5 engine only up until November 2011. Dealer spec option to have the rear interior to be stripped out and replaced with two luxury first class seats with a limousine-like experience for its passengers. Approved conversions were carried out by Modellista.
A facelift model was announced by Toyota on 27 September 2011, with sales in Japan started from 1 November 2011. Also introduced a hybrid version of both the Alphard and Vellfire.[25]
The hybrid version was reintroduced in November 2011 and whilst the model variants remained similar, all specs were available in all three drivetrains, 2.4/3.5/2.4 Hybrid. The Hybrid was the later generation of THS2 with Eco Mode and EV mode. The petrol variants also received Eco mode buttons on the dash, helping to smooth out acceleration and to improve efficiency. Styling differences introduced across all models and interior trim colours and materials improved. Nanoe air purifiers were available in almost all variants.
Alphard X/Vellfire X - Spec similar to pre-facelift, available in 2.4 and 3.5 petrol and 2.4 Hybrid
Alphard S/Vellfire Z - Available in 2.4 and 3.5 petrol with Eco mode. 2.4 Hybrid was named Alphard SR and Vellfire ZR, and had cruise control and Nanoe Air purification as standard.
Alphard G/Vellfire V - Available with 2.4 and 3.5 petrol engines with Eco mode and also with 2.4 Hybrid.
Alphard S "C package"/Vellfire Z "G Edition" - Available in 2.4 and 3.5 petrol with Eco mode. 2.4 Hybrid was named Alphard SR-C and Vellfire ZR-G. As pre-facelift, but black leather interior much more common, Hybrid models slightly higher spec as standard, but many options available to all variants.
'Alphard G "L package"/Vellfire V"L Edition" - Available in 2.4 Hybrid and 3.5 petrol with Eco mode. (G"L package"/V"L Edition" is not available in 2.4 petrol variant, making the Alphard S "C package"/Vellfire Z "G Edition" the top spec 2.4 petrol variant)
G's – Limited edition by Gazoo based on Alphard S/Vellfire Z, known as the 'GS' or 'G Sport' or 'Gazoo Sport'. Includes Gazoo body kit and styling, Gazoo alloys and half-leather trim with G's logos. Performance exhaust and deeper rear bumper meant no spare wheel carrier, a puncture repair kit was supplied instead. Available with 2.4 or 3.5 petrol engines for model years 2013 and 2014 only.[clarification needed]
Premium Seat Package - Premium seat package added heated and cooled middle row captain chairs. In effect this package put all options onto the G/V (both hybrid and 3.5 V6 petrol) and SR/ZR (hybrid only) variants, making them the highest spec 7 seaters available, including the twin sunroofs.
Royal Lounge - The Modellista conversion now available on the Hybrid as from November 2011 this was seen as the highest spec specification. Royal Lounge is available on the 3.5 V6 petrol or 2.4 inline-4 hybrid.
JNCAP has rated the Alphard a full six stars for occupant crash safety and outstanding safety features. Safety features such asAnti-lock Braking System,Electronic Brakeforce Distribution,Brake Assist,Vehicle Stability Control and seven airbags (Dual front, Driver and passenger side airbags, Driver's knee and curtain airbags) are standard across all variants. Higher end variants offer a first-in-class Pre-Crash system as an option (only for Japanese models). Features include a radar-guidedAdaptive Cruise Control, Lane Departure Warning with Lane Keep Assist and Pre-collision Warning with Semi-Autonomous Emergency Braking, which only helps apply a moderate amount of brake pressure, and does not completely stop the vehicle.[26][27]
Toyota released the third-generation Alphard on 26 January 2015 with a completely redesigned exterior and 2 new engines, including a 2.5-litre2AR-FE petrol engine and a 2.5-litre2AR-FXE petrol-hybrid engine. The 3.5-litre2GR-FE V6 along with the 6-speed automatic was carried over from the previous generation. A new top-of-the-line Executive Lounge grade was added for both the Alphard and Vellfire.
Toyota stated the vehicle was developed under the "luxury saloon with a large space" theme, to emphasize their focus on improving its ride comfort levels and styling. The length has grown by 60 mm (2.4 in), the width by 20 mm (0.8 in), and the wheelbase has grown longer by 50 mm (2.0 in); but the height is shorter by 10 mm (0.4 in) compared to the previous generation.[30]
The platform of the third-generation Alphard was updated, featuring a newly developeddouble wishbone rear suspension to replace the previoustorsion beam setup.[31] The new suspension is chosen to maintain a quiet and rigid body. The floor of the new platform has been thoroughly flattened, and as a result, the second row seats is able to slide forward and backwards up to 1,160 mm (45.7 in).[32]
The third-generation Alphard is available in Japan and selected Asian markets including Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines and Hong Kong, being the first markets outside Japan to receive this all-new model. The third-generation Alphard was introduced in Russia, the model's primary, and only European market, but only with the 3.5-litre V6 engine. The V6 model is also available in other left-hand drive markets, like China and Taiwan.[33] In India, the Vellfire has been offered since February 2020 as the brand's only import model in the country with the 2.5-litre hybrid engine.[34]
Alphard
Alphard 350 V6 (GGH30W; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
Alphard SA (GGH30W; pre-facelift, China)
Alphard SA (GGH30W; pre-facelift, Japan)
Alphard Hybrid interior (pre-facelift)
Vellfire
2015 Vellfire 2.5 G (AGH30; pre-facelift, Indonesia)
2015 Vellfire 2.5 G (AGH30; pre-facelift, Indonesia)
2015 Vellfire ZA (AH30W; pre-facelift, Hong Kong)
2015 Vellfire ZA (GGH30W; pre-facelift, Singapore)
The facelifted third generation Alphard and second generation Vellfire were unveiled on 25 December 2017 and released on 8 January 2018. Most of the changes are only to the exterior and powertrain, whereas interior equipment remains largely similar with minor changes. New rectangular taillights replace the horizontal ones on the Vellfire, mimicking the design of the second generation's taillights. The Alphard gets slimmer LED headlights and a larger grille up front. Both models can be optioned with sequential blinkers. Also new is an updated V6 engine, the2GR-FKS that replaces the outgoing2GR-FE (except for Hong Kong, due to the emission rules).[citation needed] Output has increased to 300 PS (221 kW; 296 hp) and 362 N⋅m (267 lbf⋅ft). Also new is a Direct-Shift 8-speed automatic, that replaces the 6-speed Super ECT that is only found in V6-powered variants. Accelerating from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) can be achieved in 7.5 seconds. The debut of the second generationToyota Safety Sense system is launched with the facelifted Alphard and Vellfire, which became standard equipment across all variants.[35]
On 1 May 2020, the Alphard and Vellfire became available at all Toyota dealership sales channels in Japan (Toyota Store, Toyopet Store, Corolla Store and Netz), and the Netz logo emblem on the Vellfire's front grille was replaced by the Toyota logo emblem.
In April 2021, trim levels for the Vellfire in Japan were reduced to one special edition trim, Golden Eyes II, due to decreasing sales as the result of the dealership line-up unification in 2020.[36]
In the same month, the Vellfire in China was renamed toToyota Crown Vellfire (simplified Chinese:皇冠威尔法;traditional Chinese:皇冠威爾法;pinyin:Huángguàn Wēiěrfǎ), with the inclusion of theCrown logo replacing the front Toyota logo, and in other places such as the hubcaps and instrument cluster.[37]
In June 2022, orders of the AH30 Alphard and Vellfire were suspended, and production ended, resulting in the MPVs being unavailable for brand new purchase for a year. As a result, when the AH40 Alphard and Vellfire launched in June 2023, demand for the new MPVs was huge, forcing orders to be suspended in late 2023 when the wait time for delivery of the models extended to a year.
Alphard
Alphard Hybrid (AYH30W; facelift, China)
Alphard X (AGH30; facelift, Japan)
Alphard SC (GGH30W; facelift, Hong Kong)
2018 Alphard SC (GGH30W; facelift, Hong Kong)
Vellfire
2019 Vellfire Hybrid X (AYH30W; facelift, Hong Kong)
TheLexus-badged version of the third generation Alphard, called theLexus LM, was unveiled on 16 April 2019 at the18th Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition and first released on 20 February 2020 inChina.[38][29] The LM designation stands for "Luxury Mover". The LM is slightly longer than the Alphard it is based on, measuring in at 5,040 mm (198.4 in) long, and fitted with a new suspension setup. The LM is available in two seating configurations: a 7-seater configuration that is based on the Alphard Executive Lounge variant, and a 4-seater configuration named the "Emperor Suite", based on the Alphard Royal Lounge variant.
The fourth-generation Alphard and the third-generation Vellfire were released on 21 June 2023.[41] It is based on theTNGA-K platform along with the more luxuriousLexus LM.[42] The exterior dimensions are kept within 5 m (16 ft) in length and 1.85 m (6.1 ft) in width, to ensure the vehicle conform with the size constraints of standardvertical automated parking systems in Japan.[43]
The vehicle is equipped with straight rockers and a V-shaped brace in the rear-lower part of the vehicle for a 50% improvement in rigidity compared to the previous generation.[44] Toyota also optimised the use of structural adhesives to limit deformation of the body. It usesMacPherson struts at the front and an updateddouble wishbone rear suspension.[45] With the other measures like the use of rubber bushings in the attachment portions of the cushion frames and memory foam in the seats, the MPV received a 30% reduction in vibrations.[46]
A notable change in the fourth generation Alphard is that its insignia has been moved from the front end to the front door window frames. The front of the Alphard now features Toyota's corporate emblem. For the first time, the Vellfire has its own unique insignia in the form of a stylized "V," which is located on the window frames of the front doors.
According to Toyota's Chief Branding Officer Simon Humphries, who also oversees design work, the company wanted to end the Vellfire nameplate in light of its decreasing sales in Japan.[47] However, the decision was reversed during development due to the pushbacks from dealers.[48]
The fourth-generation Alphard is offered in X, G, Z and Executive Lounge trims, while the third-generation Vellfire is offered in Z Premier and Executive Lounge Premier trims.[49][50] In Japan, Toyota targeted the sales of the Alphard and Vellfire to number 8,500 units per month, of which the Alphard accounts for 70 per cent and the Vellfire for 30 per cent.[51]
In late 2023, orders for the Alphard and Vellfire in Japan were suspended due to overwhelming demand after orders of the previous generation were suspended in June 2022. When the wait time for delivery of the models extended to August 2024, the decision was made to suspend orders until the backlog can be cleared.[52]
The plug-in hybrid variant of the Alphard and Vellfire were announced in Japan on 20 December 2024, and sales will commence on 31 January 2025.[53]
The Indonesian market Alphard was launched at the30th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 10 August 2023.[54] It is available in 2.5 X, 2.5 G and 2.5 HEV grade levels, comparable to the X, Z, and Executive Lounge grades in the Japanese market, respectively. The Vellfire followed later at the31st Indonesia International Motor Show on 15 February 2024, available solely in 2.5 Executive Lounge HEV grade.[55]
The entry-level variant, XE, was added at the33rd Indonesia International Motor Show on 5 February 2026.[56] Some features were cut including the head-up display and rear-seat entertainment screens. Furthermore, the wheel size is more smaller than other Alphard models.[57]
The Taiwanese market Alphard was launched in the same day as Japan launched the vehicle on 21 June 2023.[58] It is only available in one grade and it is paired with 2.5-litreA25A-FXS petrol hybrid engine.[59]
The Malaysian market Alphard and Vellfire were revealed on 6 July 2023 and officially launched on 23 October 2023.[61][62] The Malaysian-spec Vellfire is powered by the 2.5-litre2AR-FE petrol engine, serving it as an entry-level grade. While the Alphard is only available in Executive Lounge grade and it is powered with the 2.4-litreT24A-FTS turbocharged petrol engine.[63][64] In January 2026, the Vellfire became available with the 2.5-litreA25A-FXS petrol hybrid engine.[65]
The Bruneian market Alphard was launched on 18 August 2023. It was available in two variants, Standard with the 2.5-litre2AR-FE petrol engine and Executive Lounge with the 2.4-litreT24A-FTS turbocharged petrol engine.[72]
The Vietnamese market Alphard was launched on 22 November 2023, it was available in two variants, powered by either a 2.4-litreT24A-FTS turbocharged petrol engine or a 2.5-litreA25A-FXS petrol hybrid engine.[73]
The South Korean market Alphard was launched in September 2023. It is positioned above theSienna in Toyota's Korean lineup and is available in a single hybrid trim level.[74]
For the Japanese market, the Alphard is powered by a 2.5-litre2AR-FE petrol engine paired to a Super CVT-i automatic that is carried over from the previous generation, and a brand new 2.5-litreA25A-FXS petrol-hybrid engine.[75] The Vellfire has a 2.4-litreT24A-FTS turbo petrol engine alongside the 2.5-litre petrol hybrid engine. The 3.5-litre2GR-FKS V6 engine option was discontinued from the lineup.[76]
In late October 2023, Toyota showcased a modified version of the AH40 Vellfire, called theVellfire Spacious Lounge Concept, at the 2023 Japan Mobility Show. It is a 4-seater version of the production Vellfire, with a privacy curtain separating the driver and front passenger from the rear, a mini-fridge, floor trays, new carpeting, folding tables, power outlets and speakers integrated into the seats and headrests respectively, and a coat rack in the trunk. It is painted in a dark grey colour. The Vellfire Spacious Lounge Concept was built by Toyota Auto Body.[79]
The Spacious Lounge Concept entered production virtually unchanged for 2025, with sales to commence January 31, where it is exclusive to the new Alphard PHEV. It is based on the Executive Lounge and is geared towards chauffeur use.[80]
^ab"【トヨタ『アルファード』発表】ディーゼル廃止がFF化の要因か?" [[Toyota "Alphard" announcement] Is the abolition of diesel a factor in FF conversion?].レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). 23 May 2002. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"初代アルファードの特徴4つ！現行アルファードに繋がるコンセプトを解説" [Four features of the original Alphard! Explanation of the concept that leads to the current Alphard].www.ancar.jp (in Japanese). 1 November 2020. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"【トヨタ『アルファード』発表】大きいクルマを小さく見せる" [[Toyota "Alphard" announcement] Making a big car look small].レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). 23 May 2002. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"【トヨタ『アルファード』発表】「来なさい」仇敵日産の復活を歓迎" [[Toyota "Alphard" announced] "Come on" Welcome the revival of the enemy Nissan].レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). 22 May 2002. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"【トヨタ『アルファード』発表】他に無かったから作ってみました---これは便利だ" [[Toyota "Alphard" announcement] I made it because there was nothing else --- this is convenient].レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). 22 May 2002. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"【トヨタ『アルファード』発表】これが30代ファミリー層への最大のアピールだ!!" [[Toyota "Alphard" announcement] This is the biggest appeal to families in their 30s!].レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). 24 May 2002. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"【トヨタ『アルファード』発表】ミニバン・フラッグシップ---張社長が口にしたライバル" [[Toyota "Alphard" announced] Minivan flagship---Rival that President Zhang said].レスポンス（Response.jp） (in Japanese). 22 May 2002. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"アルファード | 名車文化研究所" [Alphard - Toyota's finest minivan with refined comfort and quality].meisha.co.jp (in Japanese). 9 December 2019. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^"クラウンがミニバン化!? 「クラウンヴェルファイア」受注開始！ トヨタが中国で販売！" [Crown is a minivan now!? Orders for Crown Vellfire being taken now, Toyota sells it in China!].Kuruma News (in Japanese). mediavague Co., ltd. 19 April 2021. Archived fromthe original on 19 April 2021.
^"違いはどこ？アルファードとヴェルファイアの見た目以外の違いとは" [Where is the difference? What is the difference between Alphard and Vellfire other than appearance?].くるまのニュース (in Japanese). 3 April 2019. Retrieved18 April 2023.
^Okamoto, Koichiro (12 June 2018)."トヨタ 新型アルファードに搭載された「Toyota Safety Sense」第2世代版を体感|自転車や夜間の歩行者も検知可能に" [Experience the 2nd generation version of "Toyota Safety Sense" installed in the new Toyota Alphard | Bicycles and pedestrians at night can also be detected].autoc-one (in Japanese). Japanese. Retrieved12 April 2023.
^Na_Ya／Creative311 (28 April 2021)."【価格は359.7万円から】一部改良版・トヨタ新型アルファード／ヴェルファイアが2021年4月28日に発売！何とヴェルファイアは特別仕様車以外全グレード廃止" [【Price starts from 3,597,000 yen】 Updated Toyota Alphard / Vellfire will be released on April 28, 2021! Vellfire abolishes all grades except special specification cars].Creative Trend (in Japanese). Retrieved21 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^"新型「アルファード」「ヴェルファイア」を発売" [Launch of the new Alphard and Vellfire] (Press release) (in Japanese). Toyota Global Newsroom. 21 June 2023. Retrieved21 June 2023.
^"脱「オラオラ」で勝負をかける!? 選ぶなら上品なアルファード？ それともやんちゃなヴェルファイア？" [Going for a game without "Oraora"!? Should you choose an elegant Alphard? Or the naughty Vellfire?].自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 (in Japanese). 22 June 2023. Retrieved28 June 2023.
^"新型アルファード／ヴェルファイアの走りは欧州高級サルーン並み！「走り出して3秒でわかるってマジ？」" [The new Alphard/Vellfire runs like a European luxury saloon! "Seriously, you can tell in 3 seconds after you start running?"].自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 (in Japanese). 22 June 2023. Retrieved28 June 2023.
^"新型アルファード／ヴェルファイアの2列目＆3列目シートは技あり!! トヨタ紡織の世界初パワーロングスライドが凄すぎ！" [The new Alphard/Vellfire's 2nd and 3rd row seats have a technique!! Toyota Boshoku's world's first power long slide is too amazing!].自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 (in Japanese). 25 June 2023. Retrieved28 June 2023.
^"大幅価格アップで歴代最高価格になった新型アルファード／ヴェルファイア！ ボディサイズも国産ミニバン最大の全長に!!" [The new Alphard/Vellfire, which has become the highest price ever with a significant price increase! The body size is also the longest in the domestic minivan!].自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 (in Japanese). 21 June 2023. Retrieved21 June 2023.
^"新型アルファード／ヴェルファイア完売!? もう買えない？ まだ買える？ 販売現場は大混乱!!!" [New Alphard/Vellfire sold out!? Can't buy anymore? can i still buy it? The sales floor is in chaos!!!].自動車情報誌「ベストカー」 (in Japanese). 24 June 2023. Retrieved28 June 2023.
^"やっぱりランクルの二の舞か〜！ 新型アルヴェルが早々に受注停止で「旧型」の中古価格まで爆騰" [Orders for the new Alphard are stopped early, and the used price of the "old model" skyrockets].Web CarTop (in Japanese). 7 September 2023. Retrieved3 November 2023.
^"售價315萬元、年度配額500輛，Toyota大改款Alphard全球首發" [With a price of 3.15 million yuan and an annual quota of 500 vehicles, Toyota's facelift Alphard makes its world debut].U-CAR (in Chinese). Taiwan. 21 June 2023. Retrieved22 June 2023.
^"售89.9万元起！全新丰田皇冠威尔法正式上市，安全性和动力提升" [Sell from 899,000 yuan! The new Toyota Crown Vellfire is officially launched, with improved safety and power].Sohu Auto. 22 June 2023. Retrieved27 June 2023.
^"トヨタ アルファード 新車販売台数推移/売れ行きと生産状況は？ - クルマを買う！" [Toyota Alphard new car sales trends/sales (production volume) and production status? Factory and line operating status].kuru-ma.com (in Japanese). Retrieved25 September 2022.
^"トヨタ ヴェルファイア 新車販売台数推移/売れ行きと生産状況は？ - クルマを買う！" [Toyota Vellfire new car sales trends/sales (production volume) and production status? Factory and line operating status].kuru-ma.com (in Japanese). Retrieved25 September 2022.
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