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| Founded | 1983; 42 years ago (1983) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceased operations | 2000; 25 years ago (2000) | ||||||
| Hubs | John F. Kennedy International Airport | ||||||
| Focus cities | Ben Gurion Airport | ||||||
| Fleet size | 17 | ||||||
| Destinations | 9 | ||||||
| Headquarters | Hangar #17 John F. Kennedy International Airport Jamaica,Queens,New York City,New York | ||||||
| Key people | Morris K. Nachtomi (co-founder, owner, manager) | ||||||
| Website | www.towerair.com (defunct) | ||||||
Tower Air was a certificated FAR 121U.S.charter airline that also operated scheduled passenger service from 1983 until 2000 when the company declared bankruptcy and was liquidated. Scheduled flights were initially offered over a New York – Brussels – Tel Aviv route in addition to charter flights to Athens, Frankfurt, Rome, and Zurich. Short-lived New York – Los Angeles flights were introduced with the addition of an ex-AviancaBoeing 747-100 in 1984. The airline was headquartered in Building 178 and later in Hangar 17 atJohn F. Kennedy International Airport inJamaica,Queens,New York City.[1][2]
Tower Air was co-founded, majority-owned, and managed by Morris K. Nachtomi, anIsraeli citizen who had emigrated to theUnited States.[3] After a 30-year career withEl Al, he moved to New York to start a passenger operation forFlying Tiger Line, Metro International Airways. After this airline shut down, Nachtomi acquired the "Tower" brand from a packaged tour agency called Tower Travel Corporation. Tower Air began charter service in 1983 and served a number of international destinations, with a focus on charter flights to Israel. Nachtomi eventually bought out his partners to control about three-quarters of the stock.[4]
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Arthur Fondlier, son of Sam Fondlier and the former Chief Financial Officer of Tower Air, was a passenger in the first-class section ofPan Am flight 103. His untimely death gave Morris Nachtomi much more freedom in management and cost-cutting.
The company won many contracts from theUnited States Department of Defense to transport armed forces personnel to overseas locations, and from theUnited Nations to transport troops to their peacekeeping missions all over the world. Tower often flew charters for groups ofMuslim pilgrims toMecca.[4]
Tower Air's main base of scheduled operations wasJohn F. Kennedy International Airport inNew York.[5] In the mid-1980s, the airline operated from theBritish Airways terminal at JFK (now Terminal 7).[6] In the early 1990s, it operated from the formerEastern terminal.[7] In 1993, Tower Air renovated and expanded Building 213, a formerPan Am hangar, to serve as its dedicated JFK terminal, adding three finger gates in 1995.[8]
During the 1990-91Gulf War, Tower Air evacuated US citizens from Tel Aviv using the otherwise empty return legs of military charter flights to the region.[4] It eventually became the only US carrier providing scheduled service to Israel in 1991, using specialwar risk insurance provided by the Federal Aviation Administration.[3] It opened a special departure terminal atBen Gurion Airport in 1997.[9]
The airline began running into financial and operational difficulties in the late 1990s. The airline lost $20 million in 1996.[10] The 1997Zagat Survey ranked Tower Air 59th out of 61 ranked carriers in terms of maintenance, ahead of onlyValujet andAeroflot,[11] and in February 1998, theFederal Aviation Administration proposed two civil penalties totaling $276,000 for continuing to fly aircraft that required maintenance.[12] The airline had attempted to cut costs by cannibalizing its own engines for spare parts, but was forced to borrow money to acquire new engines in 1998.[10]
In January 1998 the FAA successfully sought to have the airline remove Guy Nachtomi, son of the Chairman and CEO, 24 years old at that time, from the position of Vice President-Operations. This was done in part because of the airline's maintenance problems, as well as his lack of airline experience (he worked at Twentieth Century Fox until 1994).[13] The junior Mr. Nachtomi continued service with the company in a capacity unrelated to maintenance as Vice President-Office of the Chairman.[13]
The Department of Defense Commercial Airlift Review Board suspended Tower Air military charters from January 27 to February 12, 1999, pending an on-site review of its operations. At the same time, the airline lost an arbitration brought by theAssociation of Flight Attendants, claiming that Tower Air was lodging their flight attendants in dirtyTel Aviv hotels with poor security and bed bugs.[citation needed]
By 2000, a majority of Tower Air's fleet (11 out of 19 aircraft) was out of service.[10] Tower Air filed for protection underChapter 11 bankruptcy on February 29, 2000, ceased all scheduled service on May 1, 2000[14] and surrendered their FAAair operator's certificate on November 28, 2000.[15] The airline's bankruptcy trustee, Charles Stanziale, subsequently sued the airline's directors and officers for "driving the company into insolvency by indifference and egregious decision-making."[10]
In 1997, a Boeing 747-200 US registration N618FF operated by Tower Air appeared in the movieLiar Liar. Its aircraft also appeared in the movieTurbulence (1997 film) the same year in their own livery and as the fictional Trans-Continental Airlines.
Brazil
Belgium
Denmark
Dominican Republic
France
Finland
Germany
Greece
India
Ireland
Israel
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
United StatesAccording to theOfficial Airline Guide (OAG), in early 1989 Tower Air was operating transatlantic flights from both New YorkJohn F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) and Miami (MIA) with nonstops between New York and Brussels, Copenhagen and Oslo with direct one stop service to and from Tel Aviv, and nonstops between Miami and Copenhagen, Oslo and Stockholm.[20]
Tower Air's fleet consisted ofBoeing 747s in both the −100 and −200 series, including both passenger andcargo aircraft.[4][5] The airline operated a total of thirty 747s (fifteen −100 and fifteen −200 series) over its history. Several were converted to freighters following Tower's bankruptcy.[citation needed] One former Tower Air 747-200 was converted to a hotel, theJumbo Stay atStockholm Arlanda Airport.[21]
On December 20, 1995,Tower Air Flight 41 from New York Kennedy to Miami veered off the runway during takeoff in a snowstorm resulting in oneflight attendant receiving serious injuries and 24 passengers receiving minor injuries. The aircraft sustained heavy damage and was written off. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the probable cause of this accident was the captain's failure to reject the takeoff in a timely manner when excessive nosewheel steering tiller inputs resulted in a loss of directional control on a slippery runway.[22][23][24]
