| Torugart Pass | |
|---|---|
 TheChinese border crossing at the Torugart Pass on the road betweenNaryn (Kyrgyzstan) andKashgar (Xinjiang) | |
| Elevation | 3,752 m (12,310 ft) |
| Traversed by |  G315 – ЭМ-11 ЭМ-11 (E125) |
| Location | China–Kyrgyzstan border |
| Range | Tian Shan |
| Coordinates | 40°35′00″N75°25′00″E / 40.583333333333°N 75.416666666667°E /40.583333333333; 75.416666666667 |
  Torugart Pass  Torugart Pass | |
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| Torugart Pass | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 吐爾尕特山口 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 吐尔尕特山口 | ||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 圖嚕噶爾特山口 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 图噜噶尔特山口 | ||||||
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| Uyghur name | |||||||
| Uyghur | تورغات ئېغىزى | ||||||
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| Kyrgyz name | |||||||
| Kyrgyz | تورۇعارت اشۇۇسۇ Торугарт ашуусу Toruğart aşuusu | ||||||
| Russian name | |||||||
| Russian | Перевал Торугарт | ||||||
Torugart Pass[1] (Uyghur:تورغات ئېغىزى,Kyrgyz:Торугарт ашуусу / تورۇعارت اشۇۇسۇ,romanized: Torughart ashuusu,Chinese:吐尔尕特山口; ;[2]Russian:Перевал Торугарт) is amountain pass in theTian Shan mountain range near the border between theNaryn Region ofKyrgyzstan and theXinjiang Autonomous Region ofChina. It is one of two border crossings between Kyrgyzstan and China, the other beingErkeshtam, some 165 km (103 mi) to the southwest.
The scenic lakeChatyr-Köl lies near the pass on the Kyrgyz side. The road toNaryn and then toBalykchy andBishkek—stretching for some 400 km (250 mi)—is narrow and in winter often impassable due to heavy snowfall and frequentavalanches. On the Chinese side, the Torugart Port of Entry (吐尔尕特口岸), where travelers must clear for customs, is located about 110 km (68 mi) from the pass itself inUlugqat County of theKizilsu Kirghiz Autonomous Prefecture. Distances from the pass to major cities are: 110 km (68 mi) toUlugqat, 165 km (103 mi) toKashgar, 170 kilometres (110 mi) toArtux and some 1,630 km (1,010 mi) toÜrümqi.
The pass is also terminus ofEuropean route E125 and, under the new National Highway plans, theChina National Highway 315, but neither are signed in this area by 2020.
The pass has been used since antiquity. During theHan dynasty it was under the jurisdiction of a micro-state calledJuandu (捐毒国). During theTang dynasty, the region came under Tang control as part ofAnxi Protectorate.[3]
Russia and China first established a port of entry at the Torugart Pass in 1881. In 1906, Russia's Sino-Russian Transport Bank financed the construction of the road from the pass to Kashgar for 20 million rubles. In 1952, the Torugart Pass replaced theIrkeshtam Pass, which lies some 165 km (103 mi) southwest, as the primary overland link between Xinjiang and the then-Soviet Kyrgyz Republic. The pass was closed in 1969 due to theSino-Soviet Split and reopened again in 1983. In 1995, the Torugart Port of Entry was relocated to a lower elevation (2,000m), closer toKashgar, some 57 km (35 mi) away.[citation needed]
The pass is open to all nationalities but clearance requires careful arrangement of transportation.[4]
AChina–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan Railway [ru] going through Torugart Pass has been in the works that would connectKashgar and theFerghana Valley since 2012.[5] The railway would lead from Kashgar toJalal-Abad and further on to the Uzbek city ofAndijan.[6] However, the Kyrgyz section of the rail has been stalled due to financial and technical issues[7] and possibly due toRussian andKazakh opposition to the project.[6] In 2023, the project development received new push from the governments of the three countries involved.[8] A tripartite agreement was signed on 17 September 2022 during theShanghai Cooperation Organization summit,[9] although funding was yet to be secured at the time.[10] An inaugural ceremony was held inJalal-Abad in December 2024[11] and construction is set to begin in July 2025.[6]
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| Climate data for Torugart Pass, elevation 3,504 m (11,496 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.1 (17.4) | −6.2 (20.8) | −1.7 (28.9) | 3.6 (38.5) | 7.7 (45.9) | 11.4 (52.5) | 14.4 (57.9) | 13.8 (56.8) | 9.9 (49.8) | 3.2 (37.8) | −1.9 (28.6) | −6.2 (20.8) | 3.3 (38.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) | −12.7 (9.1) | −7.6 (18.3) | −1.8 (28.8) | 2.1 (35.8) | 5.5 (41.9) | 8.1 (46.6) | 7.6 (45.7) | 3.8 (38.8) | −2.7 (27.1) | −8.1 (17.4) | −12.9 (8.8) | −2.8 (27.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20.4 (−4.7) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −13.3 (8.1) | −6.4 (20.5) | −2.3 (27.9) | 0.6 (33.1) | 2.5 (36.5) | 2.0 (35.6) | −1.6 (29.1) | −7.6 (18.3) | −13.4 (7.9) | −18.3 (−0.9) | −8.1 (17.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 3.2 (0.13) | 4.7 (0.19) | 17.7 (0.70) | 26.6 (1.05) | 44.2 (1.74) | 50.2 (1.98) | 43.6 (1.72) | 45.6 (1.80) | 26.8 (1.06) | 21.1 (0.83) | 8.8 (0.35) | 6.2 (0.24) | 298.7 (11.79) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.5 | 6.8 | 10.2 | 11.6 | 14.8 | 15.8 | 13.6 | 13.3 | 9.8 | 9.4 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 121.3 |
| Average snowy days | 10.7 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 19.8 | 15.3 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 13.2 | 15.0 | 11.6 | 10.7 | 160 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 57 | 59 | 60 | 59 | 60 | 59 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 61 | 57 | 58 | 58 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 217.1 | 207.7 | 243.6 | 259.2 | 272.8 | 276.5 | 302.1 | 278.9 | 255.2 | 245.4 | 221.2 | 207.6 | 2,987.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 72 | 68 | 65 | 64 | 61 | 62 | 67 | 67 | 70 | 73 | 76 | 72 | 68 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[12][13] | |||||||||||||
Torugart Pass
汉代吐尔尕特一带属捐毒国。...到了唐代，这里归属安西四镇（焉耆、碎叶、于阗、疏勒）之一的疏勒都督府。
On April 17, Chinese construction corporation CRBC agreed to perform a feasibility study for the project within a year.
Bishkek and Beijing seek to implement despite financial and technical issues
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