Torquil MacLeod (Scottish Gaelic:Torcall mac Murchaidh, andTorcall MacLeòid) (fl. 14th century) was aHebridean lord and is today considered to be the founder of theMacLeods of Lewis, who are known in Gaelic asSìol Torcaill ("seed of Torcall"). He was the son of Murdoch MacLeod, and a great-grandson ofLeod,eponymous ancestor of the MacLeods.
According to MacLeod tradition, Torquil was a son ofLeod, founder ofClan MacLeod. Clan traditions made Torquil the brother ofTormod, and stated that the two brothers founded the main branches of the clan— one branch beingSìol Tormoid ("seed of Tormod"), the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan; the other branch beingSìol Torcaill ("seed of Torcall"), the MacLeods of Lewis. This traditional story is no longer taken seriously by historians, and Torquil is now considered to have been the son of Murdoch, who was a grandson of Leod.[1]
The late 20th-century historian William Matheson stated that the nameTorquil was not a common one.[note 1] Matheson noted that it occurs in the old genealogies of theMacNicols. Traditions linked the MacNicols with Lewis, as well as Assynt across the Minch; before being supplanted by the MacLeods who married a MacNicolheiress. Matheson stated that the name was not used by the MacLeods of Harris and Dunvegan; that the first MacLeod to bear the name was Torquil, son of Murdoch. In consequence, Matheson proposed that it must have been Torquil's father who married a MacNicol heiress and then gave their son the MacNicol name ofTorquil. Matheson noted that a 19th-century Lewissenachie recalled a tradition that "the year after Torquil became chief of the Lews, he and the MacNaughtons [MacNicols] were proceeding in theirbirlins, or large boats, toStornoway, when MacLeod ran the boat of MacNaughton [MacNicol] down in the Sound of Jaunt [Sound ofShiant], and allowed the whole crew to drown". Matheson speculated that Murdoch married a MacNicol heiress, and that their son, Torquil, became heir to the MacNicol lands after their MacNicol rivals were eliminated in a conflict at sea.[1]
Torquil and his uncle, Malcolm, are the first MacLeods chiefs to appear in contemporary records. Their names are recorded as "Torkyll M'Cloyd",[4] and "Malcolme, son to Tormode M'Cloyde",[4] in aroyal charter of 1343, during the reign ofDavid II (r. 1329–1371), which grants Torquil the lands ofAssynt. The eminent 19th-century Scottish scholarW.F. Skene noted that Torquil was not designated "of Lewis" in the charter, nor any other designation.[5][6] Another 19th-century historian,Donald Gregory, stated that during this era, Torquil would have held Lewis, not from thekings of Scots, but from thelords of the Isles.[6][7]
According to the 19th century Lewis senachie already mentioned, Torquil was a councillor between theMacaulays andMorrisons—two bitter rival clans—after a battle fought by them nearBarvas.[1]
Torquil is said to have married Margaret, a MacNicol heiress of Assynt.[8] Torquil was succeeded by his son, Roderick.[1]
According toW.D.H. Sellar, thecoat of arms of the MacLeods of Lewis, which containsa black burning mountain on a gold field, probably passed into the possession of the MacLeods through the marriage of a MacNicol heiress. Sellar considered the possibility that the arms may represent the MacNicols' subordinate duty as coast watchers for the early Norse kings in the Isles.[9][10] The early MacLeod of Lewis arms pictured right was recorded in the mid 15th century and isblazonedOr, a rockazure in flamesgules.[11]