Tornadoes of 2023

Clockwise from top: An EF3 tornado nearYuma, Colorado on August 8; An EF2 tornado nearCheyenne, Oklahoma on February 26; Heavy damage to a truck followinga high-end EF4 tornado that hitRolling Fork, Mississippi on March 24; EF3 tornado damage to a poorly anchored home nearAdamsville, Tennessee following atornado outbreak from late March to early April; An IF0 tornado inRhineland-Palatinate,Germany.
Timespan	January 2 – December 19
Maximum rated tornado	EF4 tornado Rolling Fork, Mississippi on March 24 Keota, Iowa on March 31 Didsbury, Alberta on July 1
Tornadoes in U.S.	1,379
Fatalities (U.S.)	83
Fatalities (worldwide)	117
2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

This is a list of notabletornadoes andtornado outbreaks worldwide in2023. Strong, destructive tornadoes form most frequently in theUnited States,Argentina,Brazil,Bangladesh andEast India, but can occur almost anywhere. Tornadoes develop occasionally in southernCanada during theNorthern Hemisphere's summer, and at other times of the year acrossEurope,Asia, Argentina,Australia andNew Zealand. They are often accompanied by other forms ofsevere weather, includingthunderstorms, strongwinds, and largehail. Worldwide, 117 tornado-related deaths were confirmed – 83 in the United States, 12 inChina, nine inIndonesia, eight inMyanmar, three inTurkey, and one each inBrazil andSaudi Arabia.

January had the third-highest number oftornado watches and confirmed tornadoes of any January on record in the United States.^[1] The first two months of the year had the fourth-highest number of confirmed tornadoes for the first 59 days of any year on record.^[2] The year was deadlier than average, with a number of fatal tornadoes. By April 5, 63 tornado-related deaths were recorded in the United States; this was almost three times higher than 2022's total of 23 fatalities, approaching the annual average of roughly 70 deaths.^[3] Below-average tornadic activity occurred in May, but active weather patterns spawned damaging tornado outbreaks throughout the summer and 12 more people died. Damaging tornadoes also affected parts of Canada during that time, including the country's first violent tornado since 2018. Tornadic activity decreased dramatically in September, and was almost non-existent during much of the autumn. Most Atlantic tropical cyclones missed the United States during the peak of hurricane season, with few early-season frontal systems; an intense outbreak in December produced 18 tornadoes, causing seven fatalities.^[4]

Several European organizations, including theEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory andDeutscher Wetterdienst, officially began publishing and using the newInternational Fujita scale in late July 2023.^[5] The first major tornado outbreak using the scale occurred three months later, whenStorm Ciarán affected much of Europe.

There were 1,423 reported tornadoes^[6] and 1,379 confirmed tornadoes in the United States in 2023.

• Note: An EFU tornado from the United States crossed into Canada, where that portion of the track was rated EF1. This is counted as an EF1 tornado since it is one continuous tornado.

A map of 2023 United States tornado paths from the results of storm surveys.

A chart of the 2023 United States tornadolocal storm report count compared to years 2005 through 2022, and the 2005–2022 mean

Fatal United States tornadoes in 2023

class=notpageimage| Approximate touchdown location of killer tornadoes in 2023 Summary of tornadoes[7] January 12 –Alabama (7 deaths) January 12 –Georgia (1 death) February 26 –Oklahoma (1 death) March 24 –Mississippi (17 deaths) March 24 –Mississippi (3 deaths) March 24 –Mississippi (2 deaths) March 25 –Alabama (1 death) March 31 –Arkansas (4 deaths) March 31 –Tennessee (1 death) March 31 –Illinois (1 death) March 31 –Illinois, Indiana (6 deaths) March 31 –Indiana (2 deaths) March 31/April 1 –Tennessee (9 deaths) April 1 –Mississippi (1 death) April 1 –Alabama, Tennessee (1 death) April 1 –Delaware (1 death) April 5 –Missouri (5 deaths) April 19 –Oklahoma (1 death) May 13 –Texas (1 death) June 15 –Texas (3 deaths) June 18 –Mississippi (1 death) June 21 –Texas (4 deaths) June 25 –Indiana (1 death) August 24 –Michigan (2 deaths) December 9 –Tennessee (4 deaths) December 9 –Tennessee (3 deaths) Total fatalities: 83

In early January, a three-day severe-weather outbreak brought damaging winds, large hail, and a number of tornadoes to theSouthern United States and impacted theMidwest to a lesser extent. On January 2, theStorm Prediction Center issued an enhanced risk forArkansas and parts of surrounding states, with a risk for tornadoes. An EF1 tornado damaged homes and the high school inJessieville, Arkansas, injuring two people.^[4][8][9] A large 1.1-mile-wide (1.8 km) EF2 tornado caused severe damage nearJonesboro, Louisiana, snapping large trees, significantly damaging several residences, and injuring three people.^[4] Another strong EF2 tornado knocked down metal-truss electrical-transmission towers nearHaile and destroyed an outbuilding. A third large, long-tracked EF2 tornado damaged or destroyed houses, vehicles, and a mobile home inMontrose, Arkansas, and snapped or uprooted many trees and power poles along its path.^[4][10] Another enhanced risk was issued the following day farther east in theGulf Coast region, with 10% risk for tornadoes in parts ofLouisiana,Mississippi, andAlabama. An EF2 tornado downed many large trees, tore most of the roof off a house, caused roof damage to other homes, and destroyed boathouses and outbuildings at theJordan Lake Reservoir nearDeatsville, Alabama. Several tornadoes touched down as far north asIllinois, including two EF0 and EF1 tornadoes that damaged outbuildings and farm equipment nearMaroa. Another pair of EF1 and EF0 tornadoes briefly touched down inDecatur, with the EF1 tornado damaging a vacant bowling alley and the EF0 tornado causing minor damage atRichland Community College. Tornadoes continued touching down into the morning of January 4, including a high-end EF1 tornado that damaged several homes, flipped cars, and severely injured a person on the east side ofMontgomery, Alabama. An EF1 tornado struck the small community ofRoosterville, Georgia, destroying a barn and a mobile home. An EF1 tornado also struckSandersville, where homes and a warehouse were damaged and many trees were downed, some of which landed on structures. A semi-truck was overturned in Sandersville, injuring the driver.^[4][11] Additional weak tornadoes touched down across parts of theCarolinas later that day before the outbreak ended. Fifty-eight tornadoes were confirmed.

Widespread flooding also occurred as a result of the storm system, with 8.55 in (217 mm) of rain inDeWitt, Arkansas, and 4.99 in (127 mm) inGreenville, Kentucky.Cane Creek State Park recorded 7.30 in (185 mm) of rain, its largest 24-hour total on record.^[12] Daily rainfall records were also set inMemphis, Tennessee, andJackson, Mississippi, withAmtrak's northboundCity of New Orleans delayed due to flooding and debris on the tracks between the cities.^{[13][14][15][16]} Further north,Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport imposed aground stop due to snow and ice^[17] in the region's fourth-largest January snowstorm.^[18] One fatality occurred due to the snowstorm as the result of a car crash inClearwater Township, Minnesota.^[19] Snowfall totals reached as high as 27 in (69 cm) in parts ofSouth Dakota.^[20]

A significant tornado outbreak impacted thesoutheastern United States, with several strong and long-tracked tornadoes touching down and causing a number of fatalities. The SPC issued an enhanced risk of severe weather on January 12, including a 10% risk area for tornadoes. Multiplesupercell thunderstorms formed in the threat area later that day, and significant tornadoes began touching down. The small towns ofEmelle,Eutaw, andMovico, Alabama, were impacted by EF2 tornadoes, with extensive damage. A large, high-end EF2 tornado caused severe structural damage inSelma, Alabama. Many homes and businesses sustained major damage in Selma, and a daycare with 70 children and workers was destroyed; only one minor injury occurred inside. The storm that produced the Selma tornado later produced a long-tracked EF3 tornado that promptedtornado emergencies forAutauga,Elmore,Chilton,Coosa, and northernTallapoosa counties.^[21] The tornado caused seven fatalities in theOld Kingston community of Autauga County as it obliterated mobile homes, tossed vehicles and caused massive timber damage.^[22] Strong tornadoes which were spawned by the Selma supercell also impacted parts ofGeorgia, including an EF2 tornado that inflicted major damage to homes and industrial buildings inLaGrange. A large EF3 tornado struck westernGriffin andExperiment, severely damaging or destroying homes and businesses and flipping cars. This tornado was accompanied by three other tornadoes at the beginning of its track near Griffin, including a high-end EF2 tornado that caused severe damage to homes and trees. Another high-end EF2 tornado also caused significant damage inJenkinsburg and nearJackson Lake, resulting in one fatality when a tree fell on a car, along with an indirect fatality the following day when a falling tree limb fell on a transportation worker who was working to restore power, knocking him out of his bucket truck.^[23] A high-end EF1 tornado touched down in theAtlanta suburb ofMableton, damaging an industrial business and downing many trees, some of which fell on homes. Other weak tornadoes were confirmed in parts ofMississippi,Tennessee,Kentucky,Illinois, and theCarolinas. The outbreak produced 42 tornadoes, killed eight people, and injured at least 53 others.^[24]

A brief but strong tornado struckValmontone (acomune in theMetropolitan City of Rome Capital) on January 17, causing significant damage and injuring two people. The tornado was spawned by an embedded "comma head" circulation, and was captured by a surveillance camera. Multiple homes, apartment buildings, and other structures had severe roof damage, and the top floor of one residence was completely destroyed. Trees, gates, and fences were knocked down, and debris was strewn across yards and roads. The European Severe Storms Laboratory rated the tornado IF2 on the Fujita Scale, with a path length of 2.7 kilometres (1.7 mi) and a maximum width of 150 metres (160 yd).^[25] After the tornado, Valmontone declared astate of disaster.^[26][27]

The Storm Prediction Center issued an enhanced risk for much of theGulf Coast region on January 24, including a 10% risk area for tornadoes. A small but significant tornado outbreak impacted thesouthern United States throughout the day, primarily fromSoutheast Texas to southernLouisiana. Multiple strong tornadoes were confirmed which included a large and destructive low-end EF3 tornado that moved through the southeastern sections of theHouston metropolitan area, impacting the suburbs ofPasadena andDeer Park.^[28] This prompted the issuance of atornado emergency, the first ever issued by the National Weather Service forecast office in Houston.^[29][30] The intense, rain-wrapped tornado inflicted major structural damage to many homes, apartment buildings, churches and businesses, and downed many trees and power lines. Cars were thrown and mangled, a metal building was destroyed, a senior center sustained major damage, and metal-truss electrical-transmission towers were blown to the ground. There were no fatalities as a result of the EF3 Houston metro tornado, although a few minor injuries were reported. The tornado caused $6.6 million in damage.^[31][32] The storm also produced two EF0 tornadoes which caused minor damage in the Houston suburbs ofSienna andPearland before spawning the EF3 tornado. Elsewhere, a brief EF2 tornado unroofed a house and destroyed a barn nearNome. Three people were injured by another EF2 tornado that touched down nearOrangefield before striking the outskirts ofOrange, causing major damage to mobile homes, houses, and outbuildings before crossing into Louisiana and inflicting additional severe damage to a number of structures north ofVinton. Several metal buildings were also damaged, and many large trees were snapped or uprooted by this tornado. In Louisiana, another EF2 tornado struck the small community ofGaytine, where houses had their roofs torn off, a mobile home was destroyed, a metal building was heavily damaged, and a fifth-wheel RV trailer was flipped. InVentress, three people were injured by an EF1 tornado that destroyed a few mobile homes.^[33] Three weak tornadoes touched down inFlorida on January 25 before the outbreak ended, and a total of 15 tornadoes were confirmed. The storms also produced flash flooding, and a one-day rainfall record of 4.05 in (103 mm) was set inHouston.^[34] Flash flooding temporarily closedSH 99.^[35]

Severe thunderstorms formed inGermany on February 1, producing two tornadoes. The first was a short-lived IF1.5 tornado which tracked for 0.2 km (0.1 mi), damaging the roofs of 14 homes inHinte.^[25][36] The second tornado struck areas near the small villages ofGetmold,Lashorst andHedem along a 5.3 km (3.3 mi)-long path, snapping or uprooting large trees and severely damaging the roofs of multiple homes. A car was damaged by a falling tree near Lashorst, acarriage house had its roof torn off, and a carport was damaged at a farmstead. The most significant damage was in a pine forest, where many large trees were completely mowed down or stripped of their limbs and several tree trunks were snapped off and thrown some distance into nearby fields. Based on tree damage, the second tornado was rated IF2.^[25][37] Over 85 severe-weather reports were documented in Europe that day, 69 in Germany.^[25][38]

The Storm Prediction Center issued an enhanced-risk advisory for parts of thesoutheastern United States and theOhio Valley on February 16, including a 10% risk area for tornadoes in parts ofMississippi,Alabama, andTennessee. Severe thunderstorms developed later that day which produced damaging winds, large hail and several tornadoes, two of which were strong. An EF2 tornado nearPindall, Arkansas destroyed barns, pushed a house off its foundation, snapped trees, and injured two people.^[39] Another EF2 tornado injured one person, snapped many trees, and knocked over several metal-truss electrical-transmission towers nearRipley, Mississippi, before weakening and striking the north edge of town, where several homes and businesses had minor damage. An EF1 tornado nearWesson, Mississippi, rolled and destroyed a mobile home and damaged two other residences. An EF1 tornado nearRamer, Tennessee, inflicted heavy roof damage on a home and destroyed two garages, and another EF1 tornado nearLewisburg damaged homes, destroyed barns and outbuildings, and downed trees. An EF1 tornado caused considerable damage as it moved through southernLaGrange, Georgia on February 17, near where a damaging EF2 tornado had struck the previous month. Many trees were snapped or uprooted in LaGrange, and homes and businesses sustained roof and window damage. A total of 13 tornadoes were confirmed. In addition to tornadoes, straight-line winds from the system toppled a tree on theNorthwestern University campus, injuring four people.^[40] Flooding caused by the storms killed two people: one inKentucky and one inWest Virginia.^[41] Flooding closedI-65 nearCullman, Alabama.^[42]

A large storm system produced a wide range of significant weather events, ranging from heavy snow to tornadoes, across a large area of the United States on February 26. The Storm Prediction Center issued a moderate risk for west-central Oklahoma, with a 45% risk area for damaging winds. The outlook included a 10% risk area for tornadoes. An enhanced risk also extended from theTexas panhandle to southwesternMissouri. Aided by strongwind shear, asquall line of severe thunderstorms with damaging straight-line winds and multiple embedded tornadoes formed and moved through the risk area later that night. A high-end EF2 tornado destroyed manufactured homes, tossed vehicles, and killed one person as it moved through the outskirts ofCheyenne, Oklahoma, injuring three people.^[43] The line of storms produced five tornadoes that impacted areas in and around theOklahoma City metropolitan area, two of which were strong. They included a high-end EF2 tornado that struck southeasternNorman, severely damaging homes and businesses, destroying self-storage units, overturning cars, and injuring 12 people. Another high-end EF2 tornado significantly damaged homes and other structures nearShawnee. Damaging straight-line winds of 70–80 mph (110–130 km/h) were widely reported, with locally higher gusts which included 114-mile-per-hour (183 km/h) inMemphis, Texas.^[44][45] Tornadic activity continued the next day inIllinois,Indiana, andOhio as the system pushed east. Several weak tornadoes occurred, including a high-end EF1 tornado that touched down inJacksonburg, Ohio, before it passed nearMiddletown, considerably damaging several homes, barns, and trees. 32 tornadoes were confirmed, with one tornado-related fatality; Oklahoma's 12 tornadoes set a February state record. Twelve non-tornado-related fatalities occurred as a result of the storm system.^[46]

A storm system brought widespread severe weather, including multiple tornadoes, across a large portion of theeastern United States in early March. The Storm Prediction Center outlined an enhanced risk across areas of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee on March 1, including a 10-percent-risk area for tornadoes.^[47] A low-end EF1 tornado caused minor damage to a churchShottsville, Alabama before downing trees and damaging the roof of a house along its path. A stronger, short-lived, high-end EF1 tornado touched down in a subdivision nearHazel Green, Alabama, severely damaging several homes and overturning a vehicle. On March 2, the SPC issued a moderate risk for the following day for parts of Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. A 15-percent-risk risk of tornadoes was in place across theArk-La-Tex region, with the possibility of strong tornadoes; this was downgraded to a 10-percent risk due to uncertainty about convective modes that day. A 45-percent risk of wind damage was also in place in the same general area. A high-end EF2 tornado demolished two chicken houses and a mobile home, snapped many trees and power poles, partially unroofed a house, and injured five people nearKirby, Arkansas.^[48] Several other weak tornadoes touched down throughout the threat area, including an EF1 tornado that damaged a number of homes and several businesses as it moved through southeasternShreveport, Louisiana, injuring two people. A high-end EF1 tornado damaged multiple buildings inPickton, Texas as well. The storm system moved into the Ohio Valley on March 3, where an EF2 tornado in the small community ofFremont, Kentucky destroyed outbuildings, heavily damaged a church, and tore the roofs off several homes. InVanderburgh County, Indiana, an EF1 tornado unroofed a church and damaged many homes and trees inSaint Joseph. Another EF1 tornado tracked fromDuff to northwestJasper, downing many trees, damaging or destroying several barns, and damaging residential roofs and siding. InHighland County, Ohio, an EF1 tornado severely damaged homes and outbuildings in and aroundPricetown, downed numerous trees and tree limbs, and tore much of the roof off a church along its path. Farther south, two EF1 tornadoes in Alabama caused minor to moderate damage in and aroundSection andRosalie. An EF1 tornado downed many trees in and aroundGray Court, South Carolina, some of which fell on houses. In addition to the tornadoes, the severe thunderstorms produced damaging straight-line winds and flooding. Thirty-three tornadoes were confirmed, and at least 13 non-tornado-related deaths occurred as a result of the storm system.^[49][50]

A strong tornado was caught on video from multiple angles as it impacted areas in and around several small towns and villages in theNouvelle-Aquitaine region ofFrance on March 9, causing extensive damage. The tornado first badly damaged the roof of a school inMasbaraud-Mérignat before it moved to the northeast and struckPontarion, where multiple homes and other structures had their roofs severely damaged and one house was unroofed. Vehicles were damaged by flying debris, trees and power poles were downed, a large masonry storage building was partially destroyed, and roof tiles and other projectiles were driven into the exterior walls of residential buildings. The tornado also caused significant tree damage as it moved through wooded areas outside Pontarion, snapping and uprooting many large trees and damaging or destroying multiple outbuildings. Near the end of the path, 17 homes sustained minor damage in theLe Donzeil area before the tornado dissipated. It was rated IF2 by the ESSL (European Severe Storms Laboratory), and EF2 by the French Observatory of Tornadoes and Violent Thunderstorms (Keraunos).^[51] Keraunos noted that the environment where the tornado formed was conducive for tornado development, since high instability and shear were present in France that day.^[52][53]

A large, dusty tornado caused significant damage as it touched down near the outskirts ofTaif,Saudi Arabia, on March 13. Several buildings sustained major damage, including loss of roofs and exterior walls. Power poles and iron fence posts were knocked over, and cars and trucks were thrown and severely damaged. A man was killed by flying debris, and at least one person was severely injured.^[54][55]

On the morning of March 22, a high-end EF1 tornado struck theLos Angeles suburb ofMontebello and caused considerable damage. The tornado moved through an industrial area, where multiple warehouses had large sections of their roofs torn off. One warehouse roof almost totally collapsed, and itsHVAC unit was ripped off. Signs were damaged or destroyed, windows were shattered, and a number of vehicles were damaged by flying debris. A power pole and trees were downed, a semi-trailer was tipped over, and debris was scattered throughout the area. One person was injured. It was the strongest tornado to hitGreater Los Angeles since1983.^[56][57][58] The storm set a daily Los Angeles rain record of 1.01 in (26 mm).^[59]

A large cone tornado struckFazilka in India on March 24, causing significant damage. At least 50 un-reinforced masonry homes were severely damaged or destroyed. Farming equipment was tossed, trees were snapped or uprooted, power poles were downed, and there was significant crop damage in farm fields. At least 12 people were injured.^[60][61][62]

A four-day severe weather and tornado outbreak began on March 24 in the southeastern United States. It began in the morning, with two EF1 tornadoes causing injuries inTexas before more significant tornadoes impactedMississippi that night. One long-tracked, violent high-end EF4 tornado with wind speeds up to 195 mph (314 km/h) prompted atornado emergency forRolling Fork andSilver City, killing 17 people. Both communities had major damage, with widespread catastrophic damage throughout much of Rolling Fork. Another intense EF3 tornado from the same storm prompted a tornado emergency as it struckWinona, killing three people and causing significant damage along its path. Another destructive EF3 tornado from the same storm caused major damage near or inEgypt,New Wren, andAmory, resulting two fatalities. More tornadoes touched down inAlabama andTennessee later that night and into the early morning of March 25, including an EF2 tornado that caused damage inFayetteville, Tennessee, and another EF2 tornado that killed one person inHartselle, Alabama early on March 25.^[63][64][65] From March 26 into March 27, the slow-moving storm system stalled. More severe weather occurred over the next two days with several additional tornadoes, including an EF3 tornado north ofWest Point, Georgia on March 26, which badly damaged or destroyed numerous homes, caused major tree damage, and injured five people. Thirty-three tornadoes were confirmed from the outbreak, which killed 23 people and injured many others.

A very large, historic, deadly tornado outbreak impacted large portions of the midwestern, southern, and eastern United States. A tornado-drivenhigh risk was issued for two areas in the Mississippi Valley on the morning of March 31, the first high-risk issuance sinceMarch 25, 2021. The first high risk area covered southeasternIowa, northwesternIllinois, and far northeasternMissouri, while the second included easternArkansas, southwesternTennessee, and northernMississippi. That afternoon in the area around the southern high-risk area, a long-tracked high-end EF3wedge tornado passed through theLittle Rock, Arkansas metro area, prompting atornado emergency as it significantly damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes, apartments, businesses, and other structures, caused an indirect fatality, and injured 54 people. Several other large, long-tracked tornadoes touched down that afternoon and evening, including an EF3 tornado that killed four people inWynne, Arkansas, and another EF3 tornado that killed a person inCovington, Tennessee, both of which were prompted tornado emergencies. Further to the north in the northern high-risk area, an intense, high-end EF3 tornado later caused severe damage nearMartinsburg, Iowa, and the same storm produced a violent, low-end EF4 tornado that destroyed multiple homes nearKeota. The Iowa towns ofCoralville,Hills,Mediapolis, andCharlotte, as well asSherman andGeneseo, Illinois, were impacted by EF2 tornadoes. An EF1 tornado that struckBelvidere collapsed the roof of theApollo Theatre, which was hosting a sold-out concert, causing the roof to collapse. One person was killed inside the theatre, and over 40 others were injured.^[66] Between the two high-risk areas in the much larger moderate risk, another tornado-emergency-prompting, destructive EF3 tornado killed six people in and aroundRobinson, Illinois andSullivan, Indiana. The same cell continued northeastward, producing another EF3 tornado that destroyed homes, tossed cars and farm machinery, and killed two people nearSpencer. It later spawned yet another EF3 tornado which struckWhiteland, destroying a warehouse and many homes.^[67] That night, anotherdestructive, long-tracked EF3 tornado killed nine people inMcNairy County, Tennessee, impacting the outskirts ofBethel Springs andAdamsville. Very early the next morning on April 1, a high-end EF3 tornado north ofHazel Green, Alabama, destroyed homes and killed one person.^{[4][68][full citation needed][69][70]} More severe weather occurred later that day along the easternGreat Lakes andEast Coast, producing widespread damaging winds, isolated hail, and tornadoes; this included a destructive EF3 tornado that killed one person inSussex County, Delaware. The tornado was the largest ever recorded in Delaware as well as the second killer tornado and the second tornado rated F3 or EF3 in the state since reliable records began in 1950.^{[4][71][72][73]} Seven tornadoes also touched down inNew Jersey, three of which were EF2.^[4][71] In all, the outbreak produced 145 tornadoes, killed 26 people (plus one more person indirectly), and injured at least 218 others. Six non-tornadic deaths also occurred during the outbreak.^[74]

Another severe weather and tornado outbreak affected the Midwest, theMississippi Valley, and theGreat Lakes in early April. A moderate risk was issued by the SPC for parts of Illinois and Iowa on April 4, with another moderate risk for parts of Arkansas and Missouri. A 15% risk area for tornadoes was in place for both moderate risk areas. Multiple tornadoes touched down during the afternoon and evening, including two EF1 tornadoes that touched down in theQuad Cities metro area, downing trees and damaging the roofs of homes inRock Island andMoline, Illinois. NearPleasantville, Iowa, a narrow high-end EF1 tornado which damaged homes and outbuildings was caught on video by many storm chasers. The outbreak's most intense tornado was a large, high-end EF3 which destroyed homes and injured four people nearLewistown, Illinois, before causing significant damage inBryant. Multiple storm chasers were directly impacted by the tornado and had their vehicles rolled, though they were not injured.^{[75][76][77][78]} A brief EF2 tornado ripped the roof off a gas station inColona, and another EF2 tornado destroyed outbuildings and uplifted the roof of a house nearGeneseo. A high-end EF1 tornado also struckTable Grove and damaged homes, garages, and trees. A high-end EF2 tornado moved throughGrassy andGlen Allen, Missouri during the early-morning hours of April 5, causing severe damage. Multiple homes had their roofs torn off, and some sustained loss of exterior walls. Outbuildings and mobile homes were also completely destroyed by the tornado, with five people killed in one of the mobile homes.^[79][80][81] This was the deadliest tornado in Missouri since the2011 Joplin tornado.^[82]

Weak tornadoes continued to touch down across parts of the Ohio Valley later that day, including three EF1 tornadoes that caused considerable damage in theLouisville metro area. One reached high-end EF1 strength, and unroofed an apartment building in thePleasure Ridge Park neighborhood. The other two tornadoes damaged warehouses and businesses in the suburb ofWatterson Park, one of which damaged theYum! Brands headquarters. A non-tornadic fatality occurred in Louisville when a man walking his dog was killed by a falling tree.^[83] Farther east, an EF0 tornado caused minor damage inPleasantville, Ohio. TheCincinnati Reds-Chicago Cubs baseball game was postponed by the storms,^[84] andChicago O'Hare International Airport had a ground stop.^[85] Anticipated severe weather in theEastern United States on April 6 resulted in theNew York Mets,Baltimore Orioles, andPhiladelphia Phillies postponing their home opening games.^[86][87][88] Five tornado-related fatalities and 27 tornadoes were confirmed, in addition to the non-tornadic fatality. TheNational Centers for Environmental Information reported that the storm system caused $2.2 billion (2023 USD) in damage.^[89]

Four tornadoes struck portions of New Zealand over a three-day period. Tornadoes were reported in theTaranaki region,Tasman District,Paraparaumu, and EastAuckland. They caused extensive property damage, with roofs blown off and trees downed.^[90]

On April 10, several tornadoes occurred in theMediterranean region. The most significant tornado touched down in theAğaçören District ofAksaray Province in theCentral Anatolia Region ofTurkey. It tracked through or near the villages ofCamili,Avşar,Kırımini andGöllü along a 22 km (14 mi) path, with a maximum width of 200 m (220 yd). The tornado, which was rated IF2, destroyed the roofs of homes, partially collapsed walls, and killed farm animals. Masonry outbuildings were destroyed, a tractor-trailer was overturned, and trees and power-linepylons were downed as well. Theminaret of the Göllü mosque collapsed, injuring a 26-year-old man. An IF1.5 tornado struck areas in and aroundBudak, where another minaret collapsed, outbuildings were destroyed on dairy farms, and homes had roof damage. Awaterspout came ashore nearPizzo inSouthern Italy, causing no damage.^[91]

On April 15, a significant tornado struck areas near the large city ofLinyi inShandong Province, with significant damage in theTancheng County village ofLizhuangzhen. The tornado was captured on video from multiple angles, some from close range. Homes and other structures were severely damaged, including several that lost their roofs and exterior walls. Metal truss transmission towers, power poles, and masonry fences were toppled over, and outbuildings were destroyed. Tractors and cars were tossed as well, trees were snapped, and several people were injured. Another tornado was reported in northern Shandong Province, and neither of the tornadoes were officially rated.^{[92][93][94][95]}

A linear complex of severe thunderstorms with embedded circulations developed in Missouri and moved eastward through theSt. Louis metro area on April 15, producing multiple tornadoes. A strong EF2 tornado inflicted major structural damage to a house nearVichy, Missouri, damaged or destroyed multiple outbuildings, heavily damaged metal airplane hangars atRolla National Airport, and injured five people. An EF1 tornado moved through the St. Louis suburbs ofFenton andSunset Hills, damaging homes, warehouses, and trees. The towns ofHillsboro,Festus, andPevely were also hit by EF1 tornadoes, resulting in minor to moderate damage. Another EF1 tornado struckBelleville, Illinois, where homes, apartment buildings, and businesses had roofing blown off and trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which fell on structures. Farther south, an isolated EF1 tornado damaged trees and homes nearRinggold, Louisiana. Fourteen tornadoes were confirmed, and numerous reports of damaging straight-line winds were received.^[4][96] TheNational Centers for Environmental Information documented that this storm system caused $1.1 billion (2023 USD) in damage.^[89] The line of storms forced theKansas City Royals to postpone their baseball game against theAtlanta Braves.^[97]

On April 19, a tornado outbreak impacted areas in the southernGreat Plains. InOklahoma, 18 tornadoes touched down and moved erratically near the southern and eastern outskirts of theOklahoma City metropolitan area. Several were strong, and most were produced by a large, slow-moving supercell that moved east-northeast.^[98][99] A large, high-end EF3 tornado struckCole, heavily damaging or destroying homes, mobile homes, and other structures and killing one person. An indirect fatality from the tornado was also confirmed.^{[100][101][102][103][104][105]} The supercell produced multiple weak tornadoes and two large, high-end EF2 tornadoes that caused significant damage nearEtowah,^[106] before merging with another tornadic supercell to its west. This cluster of storms spawned a large, broadmesocyclone with several circulations rotating around each other due to theFujiwhara effect.^[106][107] These circulations produced multiple strong tornadoes after sunset that moved along erratic paths. They included EF3 and EF2 tornadoes south and north ofPink, respectively, and a large high-end EF2 tornado that struckShawnee. Numerous homes and other buildings were severely damaged or destroyed in Shawnee, including buildings atOklahoma Baptist University and Shawnee High School. A news-gatheringBell 206 B3 JetRanger helicopter operated byTulsa television stationKOTV was damaged at theShawnee Regional Airport, along with several hangars.^{[108][109][110][111]}

A supercell produced a series of eight tornadoes inChase County, Kansas, nearStrong City, including an EF0 tornado that overturned asemi-truck nearElmdale and injured one person. Two EF2 tornadoes near Strong City severely damaged outbuildings,silos, power poles and trees, and an EF0 tornado caused minor tree damage in Strong City. An EF1 tornado caused minor to moderate damage as it moved throughCottonwood Falls, and an EF0 tornado injured a person in a vehicle nearSaffordville. ThreeEFU (unknown-intensity) tornadoes were confirmed inIowa.^[112] Another round of severe weather occurred the next day from southernWisconsin toSouth Texas, including three weak tornadoes inIllinois andTexas and hail in Illinois up to 3 inches (7.6 cm) in diameter.^[113][114] Federal disaster assistance was requested in Oklahoma after the tornado outbreak, and 32 tornadoes were confirmed. There was one direct tornado-related fatality, along with an indirect fatality and 188 injuries.^[115][116] The outbreak caused $1.9 billion in damage.^[89]

Two tornadoes caused damage in Turkey on April 20. The first struck the outskirts ofPazarcık,Kahramanmaraş, where roofing was torn from buildings, cars and storage containers were flipped, and trees were downed. The tornado also struck a camp housing survivors of the2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes, where tents were torn apart and struck by flying debris. Three people were killed at the camp, and 150 were injured. The tornado was rated IF1.5 on the Fujita scale by theEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory. A second IF1.5 tornado struck the village ofTatlıçayır,Diyarbakır Province, where homes had roof damage, a frail masonry outbuilding was destroyed, trees were downed, and farm animals were injured.^[91]

At about 6:10 p.m. on April 21, a strong tornado struck centralMyanmar inLeiway Township near the capital city ofNaypyidaw, causing major damage and killing several people in the villages ofTada Oo andAung Myin Kone. A total of 232 homes were destroyed, and many trees and power lines were downed. A small clinic and two Buddhist monasteries were also destroyed. Eight people were killed and 128 were hospitalized.^[117][118]

On April 22, a tornado was caught on video by local residents as it struckJalan Bani Bu Ali inAsh Sharqiyah South Governorate of easternOman. The tornado damaged many homes, killed farm animals, and injured a woman. The storm system that spawned the tornado also caused torrential rainfall and flash flooding. Jalan Bani Bu Ali was hit by another tornado the following day.^[119][120]

In late April, a slow-moving weather system produced scattered tornadoes in theSouthern United States andEastern United States over a four-day period. On April 27, the Storm Prediction Center issued a slight risk for theGulf Coast, including a 5% risk of tornadoes. A strong EF2 tornado struck the small town ofHosford, Florida, downing many trees and severely damaging several homes. A high-end EF1 tornado caused damage inLynn Haven, and several other weak tornadoes touched down in other parts ofFlorida andGeorgia. On April 28, an EF0 tornado caused minor damage inBoynton Beach, a brief EF0 tornado also caused minor damage nearElkin, North Carolina, and an EF1 tornado downed many trees and injured two people at Fort Hood (nowFort Cavazos) inTexas. The SPC issued a slight risk for most of Florida and southeast Georgia the following day, including a 5% risk area for tornadoes. AnMCS off the Florida coast produced damaging straight-line winds and heavy rain throughout the day. InPalm Beach Gardens, Florida, a high-end EF2 tornado partially unroofed an apartment building, largely destroyed a manufactured home, heavily damaged a dry-cleaning business, and downed many trees and large metal light poles. AlongUS 1, the tornado was caught on video as it flipped and tossed cars. During the early morning of April 30, a high-end EF1 tornado destroyed a metal storage building in ruralCharlotte County, Florida. That afternoon, clusters of severe storms affectedSouth Carolina, easternNorth Carolina and theHampton Roads area ofVirginia. One embedded supercell made its way into northVirginia Beach, Virginia and produced an intense EF3 tornado that struck the city's residential areas, snapping or uprooting trees, overturning vehicles, and causing significant structural damage. Multiple large, well-built homes had their roofs torn off and sustained collapse of their top-floor exterior walls. The tornado then struckFort Story, causing less severe damage there before it moved out into theAtlantic Ocean. Numerous videos and photographs taken by Virginia Beach residents depicted a "stovepipe" tornado with an audible roar. In addition to tornadoes, flash flooding affected the East Coast on April 30.^[121] In all, 16 tornadoes were confirmed.^[4]

A tornado struck four small Indonesian villages in theKodi District ofSouthwest Sumba at 2:30 pm Central Indonesian Time (6:30 am UTC) on April 28. It damaged or destroyed 21 homes and killed nine people.^[122][123]

An IF2 tornado caused damage in the Sultan Alaaddin, Akarca and Ören districts as it moved through the city ofAnamur, Turkey on May 6. Homes and apartment buildings sustained damage to their roofs, windows, and balconies, and some businesses were also damaged. Vehicles were flipped and tossed, and trees and power lines were downed as well. Around 100 large commercial greenhouses were damaged or destroyed in Anamur, and 13 people were injured.^[27] InAustria, an IF1 tornado struck the town ofZiersdorf and damaged outbuildings and the roofs of several homes. A section of roofing from one home was torn off and thrown 50 meters, two cars were damaged by flying debris, and trees and telephone lines were damaged.^[27]

A line of severe storms pushed through southernLouisiana early on May 6, producing damaging winds. One low-end EF1 tornado nearMorse damaged several homes, destroyed outbuildings, and injured one person.^[124] Later that day, a severe weather outbreak impacted thecentral United States. Multiple tornadoes touched down inMinnesota andSouth Dakota; all were weak and remained over open country, causing no damage. A supercell thunderstorm produced multiple tornadoes inMissouri, including one high-end EF0 tornado that damaged the roofs of several homes and a church inTrenton and a high-end EF2 tornado north ofLinneus that damaged or destroyed several homes and outbuildings. An EF1 tornado struck theIndiana University Southeast campus inNew Albany, Indiana the next morning, downing trees, damaging apartment buildings, and injuring two people. An EF0 tornado caused minor damage to homes and trees inGeorgetown.^[4][125] An EF1 tornado moved through parts ofLouisville, Kentucky and the suburb ofShively, snapping many trees and downing large limbs. InShelbyville, a brief EF0 tornado damaged a gas station and aStanley Black & Decker plant. InIowa, an EF1 tornado damaged large outbuildings, trees, and a batting cage inWest Liberty. ATaylor SwiftEras Tour concert inNashville was delayed for a number of hours due to severe storms in the area.^[126] In all, 24 tornadoes were confirmed, and damage from the outbreak totaled $1.1 billion.^[89]

Between May 10 and May 13, a tornado outbreak affected theGreat Plains. Multiple weak tornadoes touched down inColorado on May 10, including an EF1 tornado that unroofed a cabin nearWoodrow. Two EFU tornadoes that caused no damage were confirmed inArkansas andKansas. On May 11, the SPC issued an enhanced risk for the central Great Plains and a slight risk for part of the Gulf Coast, and numerous weak tornadoes touched down in both areas.^[127] An EF1 tornado downed trees and damaged buildings inShreveport, Louisiana, and a high-end EF1 multiple-vortex tornado caused considerable damage to school buildings, outbuildings, homes, and power poles inWeskan, Kansas. InOklahoma, a high-end EF1 tornado heavily damaged homes and destroyed outbuildings nearCole before it weakened and caused minor tree and roof-shingle damage inGoldsby. Another EF1 tornado struckNoble, where a donut shop had its roof blown off and other businesses had severe roof damage.^[4]Denver had its eighth-wettest day on record, and hail forced a ground stop atDenver International Airport.^[128]Amtrak's northboundHeartland Flyer was delayed for almost three hours that day due to severe-weather warnings north of thePurcell, Oklahoma station.^[129][130]

Another enhanced risk was issued on May 12 forNebraska, where multiple tornadoes occurred. They included two large EF2 tornadoes that passed nearUehling andLyons, destroying numerous barns, garages, grain bins, and farm buildings and damaging several homes. The tornadoes also snapped many power poles, downed numerous trees, and damaged farming equipment. The Lyons tornado caused two injuries. A low-end EF2 tornado nearNorth Bend damaged or destroyed grain bins and outbuildings, flipped irrigation pivot sprinklers, and shifted a house slightly off its foundation. A narrow EF2 tornado caused severe tree damage nearChambers, including some debarking.^{[4][131][132]} A high-end EF1 tornado struckAnselmo, where a shed was flipped, many trees were snapped, and tree branches were driven into building exteriors. A large, multiple-vortex wedge tornado nearGreeley andSpalding flipped and bent irrigation pivots, blew out the windows of two vehicles, scoured gravel off a dirt road, and damaged trees and power poles. It was rated high-end EF1, although storm chaser and meteorologistReed Timmer recorded a 163-mile-per-hour (262 km/h) wind gust as it passed over hisSRV Dominator storm research vehicle, indicating that it was capable of producing high-end EF3 damage.^[133] Other tornadoes touched down in Oklahoma and Kansas, including a low-end EF2 tornado nearHamlin, Kansas that snapped trees, destroyed an outbuilding, heavily damaged a trailer, and damaged a house.^[4] A high-end EF1 tornado struckLaguna Heights, Texas early on the morning of May 13, where numerous poorly built mobile homes were heavily damaged or destroyed, and a man inside one of them was killed. Businesses and industrial buildings in Laguna Heights also sustained major damage, and 11 people were injured.^[134][135] More tornadoes touched down later that afternoon acrossIowa, with others inIllinois,Oklahoma, andNew Mexico; all were weak, causing little or no damage.^[136][137] Basements and roads were flooded inLaurens andKnoxville, Iowa, as rainfall neared 7 in (180 mm) in parts of the state.^[138][139] The threat of tornadoes across Iowa promptedDonald Trump to cancel outdoor rallies.^[140] In all, 94 tornadoes were confirmed, along with one tornado-related fatality, and $2.4 billion in damage.^[89]

Multiple tornadoes impacted parts ofLiaoning Province in northeasternChina on June 1. A destructive tornado moved through parts ofFuxin and areas outside of the city, severely damaging or destroying at least 60 homes. Multiple apartment buildings and other structures were also heavily damaged, and buildings were destroyed at a coal mine. Cars and tractors were tossed and damaged, and trees and power lines were downed as well. Thirteen people were injured.^[141][142] A narrow but significant tornado impacted farms and rural areas outsideKaiyuan, destroying homes and outbuildings, snapping trees, and scouring crops in fields.^[143] Kaiyuan had been hit by a violent EF4 tornado in July2019. A third tornado occurred in theShenyang area, and a fourth was confirmed nearHuludao. None of the tornadoes were officially rated.^{[144][145][146]}

Multiple rounds of severe thunderstorms and strong tornadoes impacted a large portion of the South, the Midwest, and theGreat Plains in mid-June. The unusual outbreak sequence produced strong tornadoes in theDeep South, a region that rarely sees significant tornado activity late in the season except for tornadoes spawned bytropical cyclones. On June 14, the SPC issued a moderate risk for parts of the southern United States, including a 10% risk area for tornadoes. A number ofsevere-thunderstorm andtornado watches were issued from theArk-La-Tex region to northernFlorida, and numerous supercells formed later that day.^[147] A large EF2 tornado moved betweenBlakely andArlington, Georgia, significantly damaging trees, outbuildings, and several homes.^[148] Two EF1 tornadoes caused considerable damage inAbbeville andEufaula, Alabama, and an EF2 tornado severely damaged an industrial building and flipped cars inCass County, Texas.^[149] There were over 300 reports of large hail and damaging winds, including wind gusts reaching 82 mph (132 km/h) and hail up to 5 inches (13 cm) in diameter inMississippi.^[150] On June 15, the SPC issued a moderate risk of severe weather across much ofOklahoma, a small part ofTexas, andKansas. This included a 45% risk area for large hail and damaging winds, and a 10% risk area for tornadoes in the easternTexas andOklahoma panhandles, along withsouthwestern Oklahoma.^[151] That afternoon, rounds of intense supercells formed across the region and pushed eastward. One produced a destructive EF3 tornado that tracked throughPerryton, Texas, which inflicted major damage to brick buildings in the downtown area, destroyed many homes, vehicles, and industrial buildings, killed three people, and injured at least 100 others.^[152][153] An EF2 tornado nearLoco, Oklahoma, damaged or destroyed several homes, destroyed outbuildings, and snapped many trees and power poles. Other tornadoes were confirmed in Oklahoma and Texas, along with significant straight-line wind and hail damage. Farther north and well outside of the risk area, supercell thunderstorms unexpectedly developed along westernLake Erie and moved southeast. These supercells produced multiple tornadoes inOhio, including three that were rated EF2. One caused extensive damage in the Point Place neighborhood inToledo, Ohio.^[154] Severe weather also continued to impact the Gulf Coast and the Southeast later that night into the early morning of June 16, where many instances of damaging winds, large hail and isolated tornadoes were reported.^[155] An EF2 tornado hitPensacola Beach, Florida, heavily damaging homes and tossing boats. Flash flooding inPensacola, Florida, was caused by 9.23 in (234 mm) of rain in five hours and strong straight-line winds blew a tree into a house, killing one person. Flooding triggered aflash flood emergency.^[156] Two weak tornadoes touched down in theDelaware Valley, and more weak tornadoes touched down inTexas,Florida,Mississippi,Alabama, andVirginia. By June 16, the storms had left 664,000 customers without power along the Gulf Coast.^[157]

Although more rounds of severe storms occurred on June 17, tornado activity was limited to a few weak tornadoes inTexas andColorado. Later that night, however, a powerfulmesoscale convective system (MCS) pushed through north andcentral Oklahoma. TheOklahoma City andTulsa metropolitan areas had widespread wind damage, with the latter seeing wind gusts up to 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). The MCS produced multiple weak tornadoes near Tulsa during the early morning of June 18. The SPC issued an enhanced risk for parts of the Deep South later that morning, and strong tornadoes touched down inArkansas and Mississippi. An EF2 tornado hit the rural community ofPrairie View, Arkansas, where chicken houses, garages, and outbuildings were destroyed and many trees were snapped. Later that night, a destructive EF3 tornado nearLouin, Mississippi, severely damaged or destroyed numerous homes and industrial buildings, flipped vehicles, flattened large swaths of trees, killed one person, and injured 25 others.^[158][159] Scattered tornadoes occurred across the same region on June 19, including a high-end EF2 that caused significant damage and injured six people inMoss Point, Mississippi. A total of 88 tornadoes were confirmed in the outbreak sequence, which resulted in four tornado-related deaths, along with one indirect fatality.^[160]

In late June, multiple rounds of significant tornadic activity swept across the Great Plains, Mississippi Valley, the Southeastern andNortheastern United States,Manitoba andOntario the day after the previous outbreak sequence came to an end. A high-end EF3 tornado struck westernMatador, Texas on the evening of June 21, causing devastating damage, four fatalities, and 15 injuries. Homes along the path of the tornado were leveled or completely swept away, with debris scattered across fields. Businesses were flattened, trees were entirely debarked and stripped of branches, and significant ground scouring was documented. Extreme damage to vehicles occurred along the path of the tornado, with cars thrown long distances and mangled beyond recognition.^{[161][162][163]} Thirty-seven tornadoes touched down inColorado that day, 27 of which were spawned by one slow-moving supercell. A severe hailstorm moved through theDenver metropolitan area, causing nearly 100 injuries at theRed Rocks Amphitheater before a concert.^[164] Severe weather in Colorado postponed aMajor League Soccer game between theColorado Rapids andVancouver Whitecaps.^[165] A severe squall line produced a record wind gust of 97 mph (156 km/h) atGeorge Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, surpassing the record set byHurricane Ike.^[166] On June 22, isolated weak tornadoes occurred from Colorado to North Carolina. A rain-wrapped EF1 tornado moved through the Denver suburb ofHighlands Ranch, causing widespread tree and roof damage. An outbreak of strong tornadoes occurred on June 23, with tornadoes reported inWyoming and Colorado. This included an EF3 tornado that destroyed a farmstead and debarked trees nearGranada, Colorado. An EF2 tornado struck theNorth Antelope Rochelle Mine inCampbell County, Wyoming, injuring eight workers. A rain-wrapped EF2 tornado nearHawk Springs caused significant damage to power poles and outbuildings and flipped a semi-truck, injuring the driver. Another EF2 tornado in Nebraska prompted the issuance of atornado emergency as it passed nearScottsbluff andGering, destroying a house, tossing cars, and injuring one person. More tornadoes touched down overMinnesota andIowa on June 24, including an EF2 tornado that passed just east ofMahnomen, Minnesota. A few more strong tornadoes occurred the next day inIndiana andKentucky which included an EF2 tornado that struckRusk, Indiana, killing one person and injuring another when it destroyed a cabin. Additional weak tornadoes occurred across a wide area on June 26 before the outbreak ended, including several tornadoes confirmed in Ontario. 117 tornadoes were confirmed in the outbreak sequence, which resulted in five tornadic deaths, three non-tornadic deaths, and over 120 injuries.^[167]

On July 1, a violent (C)EF4 tornado,^[a] estimated at 620 m (680 yd) wide, struck ruralMountain View County,Alberta,Canada at 1:45 p.m. MDT (19:45 UTC). The tornado touched down over open farmland, produced its most severe damage as it moved to the east betweenDidsbury andCarstairs, and later dissipated after it crossedHighway 2. Three homes were destroyed, four were heavily damaged, and five were damaged to a lesser degree. A gas leak was reported at one destroyed home.^[168] The joint damage survey fromEnvironment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), thePrairie and Arctic Storm Prediction Centre (PASPC), and the Northern Tornadoes Project (NTP) assigned a maximum rating of low-end EF4 based on major damage at a farmstead, where a well-built house was completely leveled with debris scattered across nearby fields. Peak wind speeds at this location were estimated at 275 km/h (171 mph). One person was injured by debris while sheltering in the basement of the house. A large 22,000-pound (10,000 kg) combine near this home was thrown 50 m (160 ft) before being rolled a further 50 to 100 m (160 to 330 ft).^[169] Other heavy pieces of farm equipment and machinery were also flipped and tossed at this property, and a pickup truck was thrown at another location. Twenty-five cows, twenty chickens, and one horse were killed by the tornado, many large trees were snapped or uprooted at several locations along the path, and some were stripped of their branches and sustained severe debarking. The tornado also left behind a large swath of extensive ground scouring in farm fields near Didsbury.^[170] Multiple power poles were snapped, and numerous sheds, farm outbuildings, and large barns were destroyed, including some that were completely swept away. The tornado was highly-visible and photogenic, and was caught on video and photographed by several storm chasers and local residents. This was only the third violent tornado in Alberta history, after the 1987Edmonton tornado and the 1915 Grassy Lake tornado (also known as the Redcliff Cyclone).^[169][171]

On July 13, the SPC issued an enhanced risk of severe weather for easternKansas and westernMissouri, along with a smaller secondary enhanced risk for theChicago metropolitan area, which included a 10% risk for tornadoes. A line of severe thunderstorms moved throughNebraska andIowa in the early morning and produced a few tornadoes, including an EF2 tornado that tore the roof off of a home, destroyed a shed and grain bins, and snapped trees nearLogan, Iowa. In Nebraska, the towns ofHowells andBancroft were hit by EF1 tornadoes. Later that day, multiple EF0 and EF1 tornadoes touched down in the suburbs of Chicago. This included a high-end EF1 tornado that moved throughBurr Ridge,McCook, andStickney, severely damaging multiple warehouses, inflicting heavy roof damage to homes and businesses, snapping many trees and power poles, and overturning a semi-truck, injuring the driver.^{[172][173][174]} Two simultaneous tornadoes moved throughElgin, one of which was rated EF1 while the other was EF0. The EF1 tornado destroyed garages, inflicted considerable roof damage to a church and multiple homes, and downed numerous trees. The EF0 tornado caused mainly tree damage, but also damaged one house.^[175][176] Two EF0 tornadoes caused minor damage at and aroundChicago O'Hare International Airport as well.^[4] A total of 172 flights were cancelled and over 550 flights were delayed at the airport as a result of the severe weather.^[177] The storms moved intoOntario andQuebec the following day, with seven tornadoes confirmed by Environment and Climate Change Canada and the Northern Tornadoes Project. The first two, both of which were rated EF1, touched down one minute apart in theOttawa suburb ofBarrhaven, where a couple of apartment buildings and 125 homes were damaged, a few of which sustained heavy roof damage and broken windows. Trees and fences were also toppled by the two tornadoes, and one person in Barrhaven suffered minor injuries. The third was an EF0 tornado that hitEmbrun, Ontario, where minor tree and roof damage occurred, while the fourth tornado caused EF0 tree and crop damage nearFournier, Ontario. The fifth was an EF0 tornado that touched down nearMontréal–Mirabel International Airport, causing no damage. The sixth, an EF0 tornado nearSaint-Thomas, Quebec damaged two barns, the roof of a house, trees, and crops. The seventh tornado caused EF1 damage to trees in a wooded area to the north ofSaint-Roch-de-l'Achigan.^{[178][179][180]} In the United States, additional isolated weak tornadoes touched down inVermont,Wisconsin, andColorado. A total of 29 tornadoes were confirmed.^[4]

On July 12, a long-tracked severe thunderstorm moved throughRio Grande do Sul,Brazil, causing damage along a path of about 112 kilometres (70 mi). The storm produced a tornado that caused severe damage to homes, buildings, and vehicles in the town ofSede Nova, where numerous trees and power poles were downed as well, and 11 people were injured. The tornado also caused significant damage to trees and farms in rural areas outside of Sede Nova, and was rated EF2. While one single tornado was confirmed, it may have been atornado family.^[181][182]

On July 17, an EF2 tornado spawned byTropical Storm Talim struck parts of the Chinese city ofDanzhou. The tornado caused significant damage to trees and structures.^[183]

An isolated but intense EF3multiple-vortex tornado touched down inNash County, North Carolina on July 19. The tornado first struck the town ofDortches, completely destroying several mobile homes and snapping many trees and power poles. The tornado exited Dortches and continued to the east-northeast, destroying a house, significantly damaging numerous other homes, and flattening a metal truss electrical transmission tower. As it passed nearBattleboro, it partially destroyed aPfizer warehouse and tossed multiple semi-trucks parked nearby. The tornado weakened as it moved away from Battleboro, and dissipated after it crossed intoEdgecombe County.^[184][185]

The tornado had estimated peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), reached a width of 600 yards (550 m) and a total path length of 16.5 miles (26.6 km).^[184] A total of 38 homes were damaged or destroyed along the path, and 16 people were injured. The National Weather Service office in Raleigh did not issue a tornado warning until the tornado had been on the ground for six minutes, which was questioned by some meteorologists on social media. The NWS defended its actions, noting that the warning was issued before the tornado did its most significant damage.^[186] After law enforcement reported that up to 50,000 pallets of medicine had been damaged at the Pfizer facility, Erin Fox ofUniversity of Utah Health stated that there could be shortages of certain drugs while the company dealt with the situation.^[187]FDA Commissioner Robert Califf later announced that since hospitals already had the drugs or the drugs were on their way, no significant supply impacts were expected. Pfizer said that since the tornado damaged storage areas but not production equipment, any shortages would be minor.^[188] The tornado caused over $300 million (2023 USD) in damage.^[189]

On July 22, a strong rain-wrapped tornado caused significant damage inNorthern Italy as it tracked 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) through areas in and aroundAlfonsine,Emilia-Romagna. Numerous well-built masonry homes suffered severe structural damage, some of which suffered total loss of roofs and exterior walls, including a few that sustained partial structural collapse or complete destruction of their upper floors. The tornado collapsed several steel truss electrical transmission towers, toppled large metal light poles and signs, and also destroyed masonry outbuildings. Multiple cars and trucks were flipped or moved, and objects were lofted and thrown hundreds of meters. Trees along the path were snapped, uprooted, or stripped of their branches, and major crop damage occurred in agricultural fields as well. The tornado injured 14 people and was rated IF3 on the newly implementedInternational Fujita scale by theEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory. InBelarus, an IF1 tornado snapped and uprooted trees in a forest near the village ofGanales.^[190]

On August 1, a rare strong tornado touched down inIlirska Bistrica,Slovenia, where 18 houses were damaged, five of which had their roofs completely torn off. Debris was scattered across yards, and trees were snapped or uprooted. The tornado, which was rated IF2/T3, was associated with an isolatedsupercell storm. Tornadoes are rare in Slovenia and neighboring countries, exceptItaly. The nearest official weather station,Koseze, reported 107 km/h (30 m/s; 66 mph) winds some distance from the tornado's path.^[191] Another tornado occurred nearJesolo, Italy, but it caused no damage and wasn't officially rated.^[192] The region had experienced uncommonly-severe storm systems inJune and July 2023.^[27]

From August 4–8, an unusual late-season severe weather and tornado outbreak sequence affected multiple regions of the United States, producing numerous tornadoes that struck theEastern United States, thePlains, theSouth, and theMidwest.^[4] Several of the tornadoes were strong and damaging, including an EF2 tornado that hit the town ofBaring, Missouri on the night of August 4, causing extensive damage to homes, businesses, and other structures and injuring two people. A long-tracked EF2 tornado touched down north ofPawnee, Illinois inSangamon County two days later, damaging or destroying homes and causing extensive tree damage as it passed nearKincaid andTaylorville before it dissipated nearAssumption inChristian County, almost an hour after touching down. Later that night, three simultaneous tornadoes, one of which was rated EF0 and two of which were rated EF1, caused considerable damage in and aroundPaoli, Indiana. On August 7, a high-end EF2 tornado hit the west side ofKnoxville, Tennessee, badly damaging some homes and an apartment complex. As the storm system brought hundreds of damaging-wind reports and produced many weak tornadoes throughout theNortheastern United States that day,^[193] a low-end EF3 tornado moved through southernLewis County, New York, striking the town ofTurin and causing significant damage at the Snow Ridge Ski Resort at the end of its 16-mile (26 km) path.^[194] On August 8, multiple storm chasers documented a highly-visible EF3 stovepipe tornado that looped over its path multiple times outside ofYuma, Colorado, destroying well-built farm buildings and equipment, snapping large power poles, and severely damaging a house in ruralYuma County. Multiple other tornadoes touched down in Colorado that day as well, including an EF2 tornado that snapped power poles and damaged irrigation equipment nearIdalia.^{[195][196][197]} Overall, this outbreak sequence produced a total of 54 tornadoes and injured two people, but didn't cause any tornado-related fatalities. However, the severe weather did result in two non-tornado related fatalities inSouth Carolina andAlabama.^[198][199]

On August 13, a narrow but strong EF2 tornado struck theYancheng area inJiangsu, causing severe damage in the villages ofLonggang andJiulongkou. A total of 283 residences were damaged or destroyed, including some small houses that were leveled. Thirty-two vegetable greenhouses were damaged or destroyed as well. Two people were killed by the tornado, and at least 15 others were injured.^[200][201]

Multiple tornadoes impacted portions of southernNew England on the morning of August 18. Three tornadoes touched down inMassachusetts, including an EF1 tornado that struckNorth Attleboro andMansfield, snapping many trees and knocking over an air conditioning unit on the roof of a building. Another EF1 tornado snapped or uprooted trees and caused some roof damage inWeymouth, and an EF0 tornado caused minor damage inStoughton. InConnecticut, an EF1 tornado downed more than 100 trees and damaged two homes as it passed nearWindham andScotland. The strongest tornado of the day touched down on the outskirts ofScituate, Rhode Island, producing low-end EF2 damage as it snapped or uprooted numerous large trees in a wooded area before it lofted and dropped a car onI-295 inJohnston, injuring the driver. The tornado toppled many additional trees onto homes inNorth Providence before it dissipated.^[202] It was the first F2/EF2 tornado in Rhode Island since1986.^[203] Overall, a total of five tornadoes were confirmed. In addition to the tornadoes, flooding from the system shut downI-91 in Connecticut, and a nearby hotel parking lot flooded.^[204] Flooding created standing water along theGrand Central Parkway andLong Island Expressway inQueens, and resulted in ground stops atLaGuardia andNewark Liberty International Airports.^[205]

A severe weather and tornado outbreak occurred across parts of theGreat Lakes and southwesternOntario during the evening of August 24, including tornadoes that impacted theGrand Rapids,Detroit, andCleveland metro areas. A strong EF2 tornado that passed nearWilliamston andWebberville, Michigan prompted aPDS tornado warning, tossing vehicles and killing two people as it moved along and acrossI-96. The tornado also flattened large swaths of trees in wooded areas, destroyed large barns, damaged multiple homes, scoured crops in farm fields, injured four people, and caused $75 million in damage.^{[206][207][208]} A high-end EF1 tornado struck the Grand Rapids suburb ofComstock Park, where a small business was destroyed, several other businesses and homes suffered considerable damage, and many large trees were snapped or uprooted.^[209] Weak tornadoes also caused minor to moderate damage in the Detroit suburbs ofCanton,South Rockwood, andGibraltar. In Ontario, two tornadoes touched down simultaneously and moved through theWindsor area.^[210] The first was an EF0 tornado that moved through the west side of Windsor, downing numerous trees and branches, removing roof shingles from homes, and damaging fences.^[211] To the east, an EF1 tornado collapsed barns, snapped power poles, damaged grain bins, downed trees and branches, and removed roof shingles from numerous homes as it passed east ofTecumseh and struckElmstead before dissipating.^[212] Numerous tornadoes also touched down in Ohio, including a high-end EF1 tornado that blew most of the roof off of a church in easternCleveland. An EF2 tornado caused significant damage to industrial buildings as it moved through the Cleveland suburbs ofWarrensville Heights andBedford Heights, while a high-end EF1 tornado snapped or uprooted numerous large trees inMentor. A brief low-end EF2 tornado completely destroyed a large barn nearMiddlefield as well. In the early morning hours of August 25, the severe storms moved into Pennsylvania, producing an EF1 tornado that downed trees inConnellsville and along theYoughiogheny River. An EF2 tornado impacted the community ofMill Run, where significant damage occurred at a local campground, countless large trees were snapped in wooded areas, and six people were injured.^[213] Overall, the outbreak produced 26 tornadoes and resulted in two tornado-related fatalities. Severe flooding and damaging winds also affected much of the region, and three deaths occurred after a weather-relatedvehicle accident.^[207] Another person was killed inMichigan when a tree fell on a home inLansing.^[214] The storms cut power to over 700,000 customers in the Great Lakes region,^[215] and another 20,000 customers lost power in Ontario.^[210] Combined estimated economic losses reached $880 million.^[216]

On September 17, four tornadoes impactedFrance and theUnited Kingdom. In France, brief unrated landspout tornado touched down nearSéreilhac inRégion Limousin, causing no damage.^[27] A strong cone tornado was photographed and caught on video from multiple angles as it struck rural areas nearErnée. The tornado damaged or completely destroyed multiple farm buildings, and debris from the structures was scattered across open fields. Trees were snapped, crops and concrete power poles were damaged, and livestock was injured. A dog was also lifted into the air by the tornado, and survived without injury. The French Observatory of Tornadoes and Violent Thunderstorms (Keraunos) rated the tornado EF2 on theEnhanced Fujita scale, with estimated winds of 175 to 225 kilometres per hour (109 to 140 mph).^[217] TheEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory rated the tornado IF2 on theInternational Fujita scale. An IF1.5 tornado occurred inL'île d'Aix as well, where a masonry wall was damaged, trees were snapped or uprooted, and a fewcatamarans were tossed around at a marina. Later that evening in England, an IF1.5/T2 tornado tracked through the western and northern suburbs ofLittlehampton, impactingWick andLyminster. This tornado downed several trees, toppled brick garden walls, and shattered the windows of at least 20 cars and multiple houses. One person sustained minor leg injuries.^{[218][219][220]}

A small but significant tornado outbreak occurred inChina on September 19. Two strong tornadoes struck the city ofSuqian,Jiangsu, killing five people and injuring four others. About 1,600 homes were damaged or destroyed by the Suqian tornadoes, while businesses also sustained major damage, vehicles were flipped, and trees and power lines were downed. One of the two tornadoes was rated EF2, while the other received an EF3 rating. The EF3 Suqian tornado toppled several metal truss electrical transmission towers, and was responsible for all five fatalities. Another EF3 tornado struck parts ofFuning, Jiangsu, also killing five and injuring four. Brick homes were destroyed by the Funing tornado, and severe damage to crops, trees, and power lines occurred as well. In 2016, this same area was devastated by aviolent EF4 tornado that killed 98 people. Several additional weak tornadoes also touched down, causing minor to moderate damage. In all, nine tornadoes and 10 fatalities were confirmed as a result of this tornado outbreak.^{[221][222][223][224][225]}

A significant tornado occurred inJammerbugt Municipality in northernDenmark on September 19, impacting the community ofGrønhøj Strand nearIngstrup. A mobile home was destroyed after being picked up and thrown 20 meters, other mobile homes and caravans were overturned or moved, a shed was destroyed, and crops were damaged in fields. According to theESSL, the tornado had a track length of 1.22 km, a maximum path width of 140 meters, and a maximum intensity of IF2.^[27]

On September 21, a severe thunderstorm in western Germany spawned a strong IF2 tornado that moved through parts ofRhineland-Palatinate, causing damage in and around several small towns. The tornado first touched down inHommerdingen, where homes sustained roof damage and a couple of small farm buildings were damaged or destroyed. It strengthened as it hit the neighboring town ofNusbaum, where well-built masonry homes and buildings had their roofs torn off, a few outbuildings were destroyed, and large trees were snapped. The tornado maintained its strength as it exited Nusbaum and struck a rural property just northeast of town, where more large trees were snapped or stripped of their branches and a house was completely unroofed. Continuing to the northeast, the tornado weakened as it downed some trees and tree limbs in and aroundHalsdorf. The damage path turned in a more north-northeasterly direction as the tornado impactedBettingen andMülbach, inflicting minor roof tile damage and snapping trees in both towns. Additional tree damage occurred nearBrecht andWißmannsdorf before the tornado dissipated. Two people were injured by the tornado, which was on the ground for 13 km and had a maximum path width of 200 meters.^[226][227]

A strong tornado developed in southernBrazil, affecting the city ofCascavel inParaná. Roofs and trees were significantly damaged, and a building was destroyed. The tornado was rated F2 by SIMEPAR.^[228]

A large storm system moved through Florida, spawning several tornadoes. In the early morning hours of October 12, a waterspout offshore ofClearwater Beach moved northeast and made landfall inDunedin, partially tearing the roof off of an apartment building and earning a low-end EF2 rating. Soon after, another strong EF2 tornado moved throughCrystal River, tearing the roof off of one home and collapsing an exterior wall. Later in the morning, another low-end EF2 tornado touched down inPalm Coast, unroofing one home and flipping a car. Four other EF0 tornadoes were also confirmed during this event.^[4]

For the second time in just over a month, another tornado struck the town ofLittlehampton. Several trees were snapped, fence panels were destroyed, power lines were brought down, car windows were smashed, and one house had its roof ripped off. ATORRO investigator visited the site on October 29, and confirmed the tornado. It was provisionally rated T4 on theTORRO scale, equivalent to a low-end F2 tornado.^[229] The European Severe Weather Database rated the tornado IF2 on theInternational Fujita scale.^[27]

A significant tornado touched down inJersey,Channel Islands, from the evening of November 1 into the morning of November 2. One house had its roof ripped off and its upper-story walls destroyed.^[230][231] The tornado was rated IF3 by theEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory on theInternational Fujita scale (IF-scale).^[232] TORRO released a statement on November 6 rating the tornado T6 on the TORRO scale, equivalent to a low-end F3 tornado.^[233] On the morning of November 2, another tornado was confirmed inSompting and northernLancing inWest Sussex. After surveying the damage and reports from the public, the tornado's track was mapped and TORRO rated it as T2 on theTORRO scale. An IF1 tornado struck parts ofCastel Focognano in Italy later that day, damaging roofs and trees. On November 4, an intense tornado struckLavino inBulgaria. According to theEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory, at least 150 structures were damaged; one person was slightly injured by the IF3 tornado. A significant tornado struckXánthi,Greece, about a half-hour later, and a large tree branch fell on a moving bus. With a damage path of at least 1.5 km (between Geor. Kondyli street and EPS stadiums), the tornado was rated IF2.^[232] An unrated tornado struck parts ofSratsimir, Bulgaria, an IF1.5 tornado struck parts ofDereköy,Turkey, and an IF1 tornado struck parts ofLa Pouëze,France.^[232]

An F2 tornado killed one woman inGiruá, injuring an additional 57 people.^[234][235]

An IF2 tornado which significantly damaged greenhouses and trees was observed inPhalasarna.^[232]

A severe-weather and tornado outbreak struck portions of the southern United States on December 9, especially the state ofTennessee.^[236] An EF1 tornado impacted portions ofWeakley County, Tennessee (includingSharon andDresden, causing three injuries^[237] before causing significant damage in parts ofRutherford and acrossGibson County.^[237][238] An EF3 tornado struck northwestClarksville, Tennessee, and surrounding areas of Tennessee and Kentucky.^[239][240] Three people were killed, 62 were injured, and at least 20,000 people lost power.^[241] A fourth victim succumbed to their injuries on December 16.^[242] A strong EF2 tornado prompted atornado emergency for Hendersonville andGallatin, Tennessee, after it struckMadison in northernNashville, where heavy damage occurred and three people were killed.^[243] The tornado also injured three people elsewhere.^{[244][245][246][247]} More tornadoes occurred the next day, including an EF1 tornado inWake County, North Carolina, west ofGarner.^[236] Eighteen tornadoes touched down during the outbreak.^[4]

A significant tornado touched down inLeitrim, County Leitrim,Ireland. The tornado, which was filmed from multiple angles, slightly injured two people. TheEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory rated the tornado IF2 due to roof damage.^{[27][248][249]}

A tornado was confirmed by theBureau of Meteorology in the town ofMillicent, South Australia as storms tore acrossthe state. The tornado uprooted trees, downed power lines, and damaged homes and outbuildings.^[250]

A significant tornado passed through the German city ofCologne. Many houses were damaged, especially in thePoll area (which sustained IF2 damage).^[251][27]

A low-topped supercell thunderstorm spawned a tornado inGrochowy,Wielkopolskie,Poland. Several houses had roof damage, and high-voltage power lines were brought down. TheEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory rated the tornado IF2 due to the collapsed power-transmission line.^{[27][252][253]}

A tornado was confirmed by the Bureau of Meteorology on theGold Coast. Significant damage occurred in theWongawallan area, where a number of houses had their roofs torn off; two also had some loss of exterior walls. Trees and concrete power poles were snapped.^[254]

Asupercell thunderstorm generated byStorm Gerrit struck the town ofStalybridge^[255] inTameside,Greater Manchester.^[256] TheMet Office reported that the storm had a strong rotatingupdraft on itsDoppler radar, strongly suggesting a tornado.^[257] The area impacted by the tornado sustained moderate-to-severe damage. One hundred houses were damaged; windows were smashed, chimney pots toppled and roofs were torn up by high winds, with debris strewn across roads. A TORRO site investigator surveyed the area and confirmed the tornado, rating it T5 (high-end F2) on the TORRO scale.^[258] TheEuropean Severe Storms Laboratory rated the tornado IF2.^[27]

In January 2023, the2023 Pasadena–Deer Park tornado prompts the National Weather Service forecasting office inHouston to issue a raretornado emergency, the first ever issued by the office.^{[259][260][261]} In April, theTORNADO Act was introduced by U.S. SenatorRoger Wicker as well as eight other senators from the118th United States Congress.^[262] In July, theInternational Fujita scale (IF-scale) is officially published.^[263] In September, the National Weather Service offices inJackson, Mississippi, andNashville, Tennessee, along with the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) and the University of Oklahoma'sCIWRO publish a joint damage survey and analysis on the2023 Rolling Fork–Silver City EF4 tornado, the2023 Black Hawk–Winona EF3 tornado, and the2023 New Wren–Amory EF3 tornado.^[264] In November, Americanmeteorologist andtornado expertThomas P. Grazulis publishesSignificant Tornadoes 1974–2022, which includes theoutbreak intensity score (OIS), a new way to classify and ranktornado outbreaks.^[265][266] Between December 2023 – April 2024, theDetecting and Evaluating Low-level Tornado Attributes (DELTA) project, led by NOAA, along with theNational Severe Storms Laboratory and several research universities, occurred.^[267]

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