Torna atrás (Spanish pronunciation:[toɾnaˈtɾas]) ortornatrás is a term used in 18th centuryCasta paintings to portray amestizo or mixed-race person who showedphenotypic characteristics of only one of the "original races", such as European or Amerindian ancestry.[1] The term was also used to describe an individual whose parentage was half white and half "albino".[1]
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The termtorna atrás (in English, similar in meaning to "throwback" or "harken back to") could also refer to the appearance of racial characteristics not visible in the parents. An example is the child of a white person and a light-skinned person of partial African ancestry (albino)[a] born with darker skin than their African-descended parent.
The termtorna atrás does not appear as a legal category in colonial documentation, but it is often shown in families portrayed in casta paintings in eighteenth-century Mexico.
| Miguel Cabrera, 1763[2] | Andrés de Islas, 1774[3] | Luis de Mena, ca. 1750[4] |
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The termtornatrás was also used in thePhilippines during theSpanish colonial era from the 16th to 19th century, to describe persons of mixedAustronesian (referred to in Spanish asindio),Chinese (referred to in Spanish asSangley), andSpanish ancestry (referred to in Spanish asespañol (orkastila inFilipino/Tagalog), specifically eitherfilipinos/insulares (Spaniard born/raised inSpanish Philippines) oramericanos (Criollo born/raised inSpanish America) orpeninsulares (Spaniard born/raised inIberia) ), or just mixed Chinese and Spanish ancestry.[6][7]
Although tornatrás was originally used to describe a descendant ofmestizos, albinos and Europeans, in the Philippines they were commonly known as those born from a Spanish father and amestiza de Sangley (mixed native andSangley Chinese) mother or a pure-bloodedSangley Chinese mother; they can be born to any mixed native and Spanish parent and any mixed native and Chinese parent. Most tornatrás who were mostly middle-class people in Spanish Philippines usedSpanish as their primary language multilingually withPhilippine languages and/orHokkien Chinese, and in many cases converted to the Catholic faith. Examples of famous tornatrás persons in colonial history areJosé Rizal,Andrés Bonifacio, andManuel Quezon.[citation needed]
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