| Tombigbee River | |
|---|---|
 Tombigbee River atWhite Bluff (Ecor Blanc) inDemopolis | |
 Tombigbee and Alabama river basins | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alabama andMississippi |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Confluence ofTennessee-Tombigbee Waterway andBlack Warrior River |
| Mouth | |
• location | Mobile River, atMobile, Alabama |
| Length | 200 miles (320 km) |
TheTombigbee River is a tributary of theMobile River, approximately 200 mi (325 km) long, in theU.S. states ofMississippi andAlabama. Together with theAlabama, it merges to form the short Mobile River before the latter empties intoMobile Bay on theGulf of Mexico. The Tombigbee watershed encompasses much of the ruralcoastal plain of western Alabama and northeastern Mississippi, flowing generally southward. The river provides one of the principal routes of commercial navigation in the southern United States, as it is navigable along much of its length through locks and connected in its upper reaches to theTennessee River via theTennessee-Tombigbee Waterway.
The name "Tombigbee" comes fromChoctawitumbi ikbi, meaning "box maker, coffin maker", fromitumbi, "box, coffin", andikbi, "maker".[1] The river formed the eastern boundary of the historicalChoctaw lands, from the 17th century when they coalesced as a people, to the forcedIndian Removal by the United States in the 1830s.[2]
The river begins in northeastern Mississippi just south of thePharr Mounds near the northern county line ofItawamba County, at what was once known as the source of theeast fork of the river.[3] Historically, the beginning of the river was in northernMonroe County at the confluence ofTown Creek (also known as West Fork Tombigbee River) and the east fork of the river.
The river flows east throughAberdeen Lake nearAberdeen, andColumbus Lake nearColumbus. It flows throughAliceville Lake on the Mississippi-Alabama border, then generally SSE across western Alabama in a highlymeandering course, pastGainesville andDemopolis. There it is joined from the northeast by theBlack Warrior River. South of Demopolis it flows generally south across southwestern Alabama (formingSumter andChoctaw counties' borders withMarengo County). PastJackson it joins theAlabama River from the north on theMobile-Baldwin county line, approximately 30 mi (50 km) north ofMobile; this confluence forms theMobile River.[3]
After the completion of theTennessee-Tombigbee Waterway in 1985, much of the middle course of the river in northeastern Mississippi was diverted into the new, straightened channel. Above Aberdeen Lake, the waterway flows alongside the original course of the river.
In addition to the Black Warrior, the river is joined by theButtahatchee River from the east, north of Columbus, Mississippi. To the South of Columbus, Luxapalila Creek joins with the Tombigbee River, approximately 5.2 miles from downtown Columbus. Approximately 10 mi (15 km) north of Gainesville, it is joined from the north by theSipsey River. At Gainesville, it is joined from the west by theNoxubee River.
TheChoctaw National Wildlife Refuge is along the river in southwestern Alabama, approximately 20 mi (30 km) northwest of Jackson.
The upper reaches of the Tombigbee formed the homeland of the formidableChickasaw. The French officialBienville used the Tombigbee to travel with his forces in his1736 campaign against the Chickasaw. In the nineteenth century, they were considered one of theFive Civilized Tribes of the Southeast, as they adopted some European-American ways. But Congress passed theIndian Removal Act of 1830, in order to remove the Native Americans and enable development by European Americans. The United States forced the Chickasaw west of the Mississippi toIndian Territory, extinguishing most of their claims to land in the Southeast.
The Tombigbee River has five lock and dams along its length. Lock & Dams are listed from north to south; the river mile indicates the distance from the mouth of theMobile River atMobile Bay.
Tributaries that empty directly into the Tombigbee:
On April 28, 1979, a tugboat namedM/VCahaba was on the Tombigbee nearDemopolis, Alabama[5] trying to guide two coal barges under a flooded side-span of the old Rooster Bridge (removed years later), but the flood current was too strong. The tug and barges approached thedrawbridge-section, which failed to re-open fast enough while the river was near flood stage (drawbridges must close and re-open to allow waiting traffic to cross). The fast currents pinned the Cahaba's starboard side against the bridge in high waters. The force was so great that it pulled the boat downward, tilting it beneath the bridge, and fully submerging it in the river.[5] The underwater pressure blew out a port-side window in the pilot house, which began filling with water, while the captain remained at the helm.[5] Soon the tugboat emerged from beneath the other side of the bridge and righted itself, with water pouring from the doorways and decks.[6]
One of the two main ventilator funnels had tilted to the center, yet one engine was still running, and the captain steered to anchor the tugboat in a flooded cornfield. Another downstream tugboat, M/VTallapoosa, rescued the captain and all three crew members; with the pilot, then secured the two barges of coal. The barges were later towed to Mobile by the same company's towboat M/VMauvilla. The Mauvilla is otherwise notable for its later involvement in the1993 Big Bayou Canot train wreck.[5]
Pleasure boats, cruising America'sGreat Loop, use the waterway each year in the fall.
The river is closely associated with several steamboat disasters, including theEliza Battle[7] andJames T. Staples.
The "Tombigbee River Waltz" or the singing song "Tombigbee River" are beloved old time waltzes performed by fiddlers including James Bryan, Kenny Jackson, Jay Ungar and Eric Hatling. The song was featured as a Charles Ingalls song in the Little House books.
31°8′11″N87°56′39″W / 31.13639°N 87.94417°W /31.13639; -87.94417
Media related toTombigbee River at Wikimedia Commons| International | |
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