Dr.Tom Douglas Spies (September 21, 1902 in Ravenna, Texas – February 28, 1960 in New York City) was a distinguishedAmerican physician and medical educator. He was an authority in the study of nutritional diseases. In the 1930s, he contributed significantly to finding a cure forpellagra, a nutritional disease that once afflicted millions in the American South. Later, he also made a large contribution to finding cure fortropical sprue. For his efforts in elimination of pellagra,Time Magazine named him as 1938 "Man of the Year" in comprehensive science.[1]
A member ofPhi Beta Kappa, Spies received a B.A. degree from the University of Texas in 1923 and an M.D. from Harvard in 1927. He spent the next two years in pathology in Boston hospitals and then went to Western Reserve University to become an instructor in medicine until 1935.
Spies became assistant professor of medicine at the University of Cincinnati's College of Medicine (1935–1947). After 1947, he became an instructor atNorthwestern University Medical School.
Spies was best known as a director of Nutrition Clinic at theHillman Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, after 1936.
He was invited to come to Birmingham in 1935 byJames S. McLester, physician-in-chief of the Hillman Hospital, who was then also the President of theAmerican Medical Association.[2]
In 1945, he and six social workers, including Martha Hutchinson, studied the effects of daily supplementation of milk on the growth and development of malnourished children.
Spies was appointed to the Food and Nutrition Board ofNational Research Council in 1943, and was a consultant on tropical medicine at Washington's Army Medical School, 1945.
He labored with unremitting zeal to putthiamine,nicotinic acid,riboflavin,folic acid,vitamin B12 andthymine (5-methyl uracil)[3] to use in clinical and preventive medicine.
In the late 1940s, Spies experimented with the use of folic acid and other vitamins in the treatment oftropical sprue, which was a deadly disease at that time; he conducted his research in Cuba and Puerto Rico. He received recognition from the Cuban and Puerto Rican governments for his efforts.
According to theAmerican Medical Association,
Through his researches, pellagra in the southern United States and tropical sprue in Cuba and Puerto Rico have been virtually eliminated. Perhaps his greatest contribution has been his study of the dietary requirements for the preservation of tissue integrity, whereby premature aging can be prevented.[4]
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