Tolkmicko | |
|---|---|
 Gothic Saint James church | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Tolkmicko | |
| Coordinates:54°19′14″N19°31′50″E / 54.32056°N 19.53056°E /54.32056; 19.53056 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Elbląg |
| Gmina | Tolkmicko |
| Town rights | 1296 |
| Area | |
• Total | 2.28 km2 (0.88 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
• Total | 2,731 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 82-340 |
| Vehicle registration | NEB |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Voivodeship roads |  |
| Website | http://www.tolkmicko.pl |
Tolkmicko (pronouncedTOLK-mitzko[tɔlkˈmit͡skɔ],German:Tolkemit) is a town in northernPoland, on theVistula Lagoon, about 20 km northeast ofElbląg. It is located inWarmian-Masurian Voivodeship, inElbląg County. Its population is 2,766 (2004).
The site was first settled byOld Prussian tribes. The town rights followed the incorporation of the territory into theState of the Teutonic Order in 1296 and was based on theKulm law by order of Ludwig von Schippe, then commander of theTeutonic Knights. On 21 March 1351 theGrand Master of the Teutonic Knights Heinrich Dusemer renewed the municipal law and together with the village ofNeuendorf (nowNowinka) Tolkmicko obtained fishing legislation. In the 14th century the first church was built, and town walls were erected.[1] Also a castle was built at the Castle Hill and the St. George Hospital was founded.[1] In 1390 Peter Turnow, the Theologian later burned at the stake as a heretic in 1426, was born here.
On 3 April 1440 it became part of the anti-TeutonicPrussian Confederation, upon the request of which Polish KingCasimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region to theKingdom of Poland in 1454,[2] and the town recognized the Polish King as rightful ruler and joined Poland. In the beginning of the subsequentThirteen Years' War (1454–1466), the townspeople captured and demolished the Teutonic castle,[3] and in 1456 the town was ravaged and plundered by theTeutonic Knights.[4] The first Polishstarost (local royal official) of Tolkmicko was knightJan Bażyński, leader of the Prussian Confederation,[1] and the remains of the castle became the seat of local starosts since.[3] The Teutonic Knights finally renounced any claims to the town and recognized it as part of Poland in theSecond Peace of Thorn (1466),[5] Tolkmicko was since part of the PolishMalbork Voivodeship of the autonomous province ofPolish Prussia. It was seat of acounty.[6]
During thelast Polish–Teutonic War, in 1521 the Teutonic Knights, while retreating after the unsuccessful siege ofElbląg, briefly captured the town.[4] In 1525, during theReformation, the Church property formally became theLutheran parish church. This was undertaken by a former monk named Bommler, son of the mayor of Tolkmicko. The town however remained in theRoman CatholicBishopric of Warmia and thus remained subject to Catholic rule. After 1569 the special legal position ofPolish Prussia within the Kingdom of Poland was slowly undermined, and the town was formally absorbed into Poland proper in 1572. It became part of the largerGreater Poland Province.
_-_panoramio.jpg)
During thePolish-Swedish War theSwedish KingGustavus Adolphus of stayed in the town during 1626. Two large fires, in 1634 and 1694, partially destroyed the town. The town was revived at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries after the end of Polish-Swedish wars.[3]
The outbreak of theplague in 1710 halved the number of residents, although in 1720 there were enough people to justify building a brewery in the marketplace. By 1720, starost Jan Ignacy Działyński built a new impressiveBaroque palace, as the seat of the starosts.[3] There was yet another town fire in 1767, destroying the brewery, the Church and the Town Hall.
_-_panoramio.jpg)
During thefirst partition of Poland in 1772, the region was annexed by theKingdom of Prussia and remained part of the province ofEast Prussia from 1773 until 1945. In 1793 a new town hall was built. During theNapoleonic Wars, in 1807 the town was held byFrance for almost a year, and many inhabitants were killed and the town suffered damages fromshelling by Prussians, afterwards French troops marched through the town in 1812 and 1813, and it was also occupied byRussia in 1813.[7] In the 19th century the Baroque Działyński Palace and the medieval St. George Hospital were dismantled, and the town lost two of its most distinctive landmarks.[7] In 1818 the town became part of the newly formed district ofElbing. In 1832 the first pharmacy was opened. In 1851 the brewery closed and the first physician settled here. In 1862 construction began on the fishing harbor. In 1900, the town was connected to the rail network and joinedElbląg (then officiallyElbing) andBraniewo (thenBraunsberg). In the 19th century the town's population was overwhelminglyRoman Catholic.[4]
In 1939 the construction of a jam factory began, which was completed in 1940. DuringWorld War II, the town was captured by troops of the2nd Belorussian Front of theRed Army on 26 January 1945 in the course of theEast Prussian offensive.[8] About 50% of the buildings were destroyed in the fighting. About half of the inhabitants had fled from the Soviets by the end of World War II, while the remainingGerman population was expelled over the following years in accordance with thePotsdam Agreement, whilePoles stayed. Polish administration was established in May 1945, and the town returned to Poland after 173 years. It was repopulated by Poles, both those displaced fromformer eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union as well as settlers from war-devastated places in central Poland.
In 1975 an administrative reform transferred the town to theElbląg Voivodeship. A later reform dissolved the province and the town became part of theWarmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
The localfootball club is Barkas Tolkmicko.[9] It competes in the lower leagues.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)| Town and seat | | |
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