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Marunouchi Line

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromTokyo Metro Marunouchi Line)
Subway line in Tokyo, Japan

Marunouchi Line
Marunouchi Line 2000 series trains at Yotsuya Station
Overview
Other nameLine 4 / M (Main line) / Mb (Branch line)
Native name丸ノ内線
OwnerTokyo Metro
Line number4
LocaleTokyo
Termini
Stations28 (including branch line)
Color on map    Scarlet
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemTokyo subway
Depot(s)Koishikawa, Nakano
Rolling stock2000 series
Daily ridership1,159,898 (2017)[1]
History
OpenedJanuary 20, 1954; 72 years ago (1954-01-20)
Last extension1962
Technical
Line length27.4 km (17.0 mi) (Main line)
3.2 km (2.0 mi) (Branch Line)
Number of tracks2
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standard gauge
Minimum radius140 m (460 ft) (Main line: NearGinza)
125 m (410 ft) (Branch Line)
ElectrificationThird rail, 600 V DC
Operating speed75 km/h (47 mph) (Main line)
65 km/h (40 mph) (Branch line)
Signalling
Maximum incline3.5%
Route map

0.0
–
M-01Ogikubo
JCJB
1.5
–
M-02Minami-Asagaya
2.7
–
M-03Shin-Kōenji
3.6
–
M-04Higashi-Kōenji
4.6
–
M-05Shin-Nakano
–
0.0
Mb-03Hōnanchō
Nakano Depot
–
1.3
Mb-04Nakano-fujimichō
–
1.9
Mb-05Nakano-shimbashi
5.7
3.2
M-06Nakano-sakaue
6.8
M-07Nishi-Shinjuku
JBJY
JCJSJA
7.6
M-08Shinjuku
7.9
M-09Shinjuku-sanchōme
FS
8.6
M-10Shinjuku-gyoenmae
9.5
M-11Yotsuya-sanchōme
N
10.5
M-12Yotsuya
NYZ
11.8
M-13Akasaka-mitsuke
N
12.7
M-14Kokkai-gijidōmae
13.4
M-15Kasumigaseki
C
Tōkaidō Line
Shinkansen
G
14.4
M-16Ginza
Y
15.5
M-17Tokyo
T
16.1
M-18Ōtemachi
I
17.0
M-19Awajichō
S
C
JC/JB
17.8
M-20Ochanomizu
18.6
M-21Hongō-Sanchōme
Kasuga:E/I
Ōedo,
Mita lines
19.4
M-22Kōrakuen
Koishikawa Depot
21.2
M-23Myōgadani
22.4
M-24Shin-Ōtsuka
F
JA/JS/Y
24.2
M-25Ikebukuro

TheMarunouchi Line (丸ノ内線,Marunouchi-sen) is asubway line inTokyo, Japan, operated byTokyo Metro. The line runs in a U-shape betweenOgikubo Station inSuginami andIkebukuro Station inToshima, with a branch line betweenNakano-Sakaue Station andHōnanchō Station. The official name isLine 4 Marunouchi Line (4号線丸ノ内線,Yon-gō-sen Marunouchi-sen).

The Marunouchi Line was the fourth subway line constructed in Japan, following theOsaka Municipal SubwayYotsubashi Line.

Its design is similar to that of theGinza Line, the oldest subway line in Tokyo. Both lines arestandard gauge and usethird rail power, unlike subsequent Tokyo subway lines which useoverhead wires and are mostlynarrow gauge to accommodate through services with other railway lines.

The line was named after theMarunouchi business district inChiyoda, Tokyo, under which it passes. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color red, and its stations are given numbers using the letters "M" for the main line and "Mb" for the branch line.

Overview

[edit]

The Marunouchi Line is the second line to be built in the city, and the first one constructed after theSecond World War. The route is U-shaped, running fromOgikubo Station in the west of the city via the commercial and administrative district ofShinjuku through to theMarunouchi commercial center aroundTokyo Station, before turning back and heading toIkebukuro. Along with theGinza Line, it is self-enclosed and does not have anythrough services with other railway lines.

The Marunouchi Line is served byTokyo Metro 02 series rolling stock in six-car trains on the main line, and mostly three-car trains on the Hōnanchō branch (some six-car trains during peak hours). The main line was the most frequent subway line in Tokyo, with trains once running at intervals of 1 minute 50 seconds during peak hours. In spite of such high-frequency service, according to the 2018 survey by theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, the Marunouchi Line is one of the most crowded railway lines in Tokyo,[2] running at 169% capacity betweenShin-ōtsuka andMyōgadani stations.[3] Its age and relatively short train length has made it one of the most crowded lines in Tokyo, although the 2000 opening of theToei Ōedo Line has relieved the problem somewhat. In response to crowding, Tokyo Metro upgraded all stations with chest-highplatform doors on March 28, 2009, a date on which it also begandriver-only operation. The Hōnanchō branch switched to driver-only operation in July 2004.[4]

Due to the age of the Marunouchi Line and the relative shallowness at which it runs, at several points in central Tokyo trains run at or above ground level. These include Yotsuya Station, the Kanda River near Ochanomizu Station, and between Kōrakuen and Myōgadani stations.

On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color red. Its stations are given numbers using the prefix "M"; Hōnanchō branch line stations carry the prefix "Mb", which replaced the previously used lowercase "m" prefix in November 2016.[5]

History

[edit]
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Opening ceremony at Ikebukuro in 1954

In the five-line subway plan designated byMinistry of Home Affairs Notification No. 56 of 1925 (大正14年内務省告示第56号) after theGreat Kanto earthquake of 1923, the Marunouchi Line was outlined as a 20 km (12 mi) underground route connecting “Shinjuku –Yotsuya-mitsuke –Hibiya –Tsukiji –Kakigaracho –Okachimachi –Hongo-sanchome – Takehayacho –Otsuka”.[6]

Tokyo City obtained a route license for Line 4 betweenShinjuku andOtsuka on May 16 of the same year planned to begin construction on Line 3 betweenShibuya andSugamo and on Line 5 between Ikebukuro and Susaki.[7] However, due to the city’s substantial public debt, theMinistry of Home Affairs and theMinistry of Finance opposed the project, and construction approval was not granted.

In October 1932, Tokyo City transferred the route licenses for Line 3, running between Shibuya and Sakurada-Hongo (near present-dayNishi-Shimbashi), and for Line 4, connecting Shinjuku andTsukiji, to Tokyo Rapid Railway. In February 1937, Tokyo Rapid Railway planned a connecting section between Lines 3 and 4 and obtained a route license for theYotsuya-Mitsuke –Akasaka-Mitsuke segment.[7] Akasaka-Mitsuke Station subsequently opened in 1938.

Construction during World War II

[edit]

TheTeito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA), commonly known as the Eidan Subway, was established, and on September 1, 1941, all subway route licenses held by Tokyo City, theTokyo Underground Railway, and the Tokyo Rapid Railway were transferred to the authority in exchange for compensation.[7]

Following the establishment of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA), theWorld War II began on December 8, 1941.[8] Despite wartime constraints, the authority continued planning subway construction, designating Line 4 between Shinjuku and Tokyo as an emergency route. Construction of the Yotsuya-Mitsuke–Akasaka-Mitsuke section was planned for 1942–1945, with the Shinjuku–Yotsuya-Mitsuke and Akasaka-Mitsuke–Tokyo sections scheduled for 1943–1946. Construction of Line 4 between Tokyo andIkebukuro and of the Gotanda Line (五反田線) between Tsukiji andGotanda was also planned to begin in 1942, with completion scheduled for after 1947.[8]

On June 5, 1942, a groundbreaking ceremony for the Yotsuya-Mitsuke–Akasaka-Mitsuke section was held and construction began near the Benkei Moat (弁慶濠). Construction was suspended in June 1944 as a result of worsening wartime conditions, including shortages of funds, materials, and labor.[8]

Postwar construction

[edit]

On December 7, 1946, the Marunouchi Line was revised to begin fromNakano-fujimichō to the Mukōhara neighbourhood inToshima Ward via Kanda and Ikebukuro, for a total length of 22.1 km (13.7 mi).

On March 30, 1951, a groundbreaking ceremony was held at Ikebukuro Station East Exit to begin construction of the initial 7.7 km (4.8 mi) segment of the Marunouchi Line.

The first section was opened between Ikebukuro and Ochanomizu on January 20, 1954.[9] The subsequent progress of the line was as follows:

  • Ochanomizu to Awajichō: March 1956
  • Awajichō to Tokyo: July 1956
  • Tokyo to Nishi-Ginza (now Ginza): December 1957
  • Nishi-Ginza to Kasumigaseki: October 1958
  • Kasumigaseki to Shinjuku: March 1959
  • Shinjuku to Shin-Nakano/Nakano-Fujimichō (not Nishi-Shinjuku): February 1961
  • Shin-Nakano to Minami-Asagaya (not Higashi-Kōenji): November 1961
  • Minami-Asagaya to Ogikubo: January 23, 1962
  • Nakano-Fujimichō to Hōnanchō: March 23, 1962
  • Nishi-Ginza becomes part of Ginza when Hibiya Line reaches there: August 1964
  • Higashi-Kōenji opens (between Shin-Nakano and Shin-Kōenji): September 1964
  • Nishi-Shinjuku opens (between Shinjuku and Nakano-Sakaue) May 1996.

The Marunouchi Line was one of the lines targeted in theAum sarin gas attack on March 20, 1995. A plan to extend the Marunouchi Line from Ogikubo toAsaka City inSaitama Prefecture was rejected in the late 1990s.

The line, stations, rolling stock, and related facilities were inherited byTokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.[10]

Automatic train control (ATC) was activated on the Marunouchi Line on February 27, 1998, which allowed for an increase in the maximum operating speed limit from 65 km/h (40 mph) to 75 km/h (47 mph). This was followed bytrain automatic stopping controller (TASC) which was introduced in November 2002, along withautomatic train operation (ATO) which was introduced on the main segment of the Marunouchi Line on December 27, 2008. The platform-edge doors atHōnanchō Station, the terminus of the Hōnanchō Branch, were lengthened to allow six-car trains to use the station, with work starting in 2013, which enabled through trains to and from Ikebukuro to start operating all the way to Hōnanchō from fiscal 2017.[11]

With the start of the revised timetable on December 7, 2024, the Marunouchi Line became the first subway line in Japan to adoptcommunications-based train control (CBTC) signalling. The new system allows for shorter intervals between trains and improved delay recovery.[12]

Station list

[edit]
  • All stations are located inTokyo.
  • Some trains leave the main line at Nakano-sakaue (M-06) for the Marunouchi Branch Line to Hōnanchō.
Geographic map of the Marunouchi line
Geographic map of the Tokyo Metro, with the Marunouchi line highlighted

Main Line

[edit]
No.StationJapaneseDistance (km)TransfersLocation
Between
stations		From Ogikubo
M01Ogikubo荻窪–0.0Suginami
M02Minami-asagaya南阿佐ケ谷1.51.5 
M03Shin-koenji新高円寺1.22.7 
M04Higashi-koenji東高円寺0.93.6 
M05Shin-nakano新中野1.04.6 Nakano
M06Nakano-sakaue中野坂上1.15.7
M07Nishi-Shinjuku西新宿1.16.8 Shinjuku
M08Shinjuku新宿0.87.6
M09Shinjuku-sanchōme新宿三丁目0.37.9
M10Shinjuku-gyoemmae新宿御苑前0.78.6 
M11Yotsuya-sanchōme四谷三丁目0.99.5 
M12Yotsuya四ツ谷1.010.5
M13Akasaka-mitsuke赤坂見附1.311.8
Minato
M14Kokkai-gijidō-mae国会議事堂前0.912.7
Chiyoda
M15Kasumigaseki霞ケ関0.713.4
M16Ginza銀座1.014.4
Chūō
M17Tokyo東京1.115.5Chiyoda
M18Ōtemachi大手町0.616.1
M19Awajichō淡路町0.917.0
M20Ochanomizu御茶ノ水0.817.8Bunkyō
M21Hongō-sanchōme本郷三丁目0.818.6E Toei Oedo Line (E-08)
M22Kōrakuen後楽園0.819.4
  • N Namboku Line (N-11)
  • I Mita Line (Kasuga: I-12)
  • E Ōedo Line (Kasuga: E-07)
M23Myōgadani茗荷谷1.821.2 
M24Shin-ōtsuka新大塚1.222.4 
M25Ikebukuro池袋1.824.2
Toshima

Branch Line (Honancho Line)

[edit]
No.StationJapaneseDistance (km)TransfersLocation
Between
stations		Total
Mb03Hōnanchō方南町–0.0 Suginami
Mb04Nakano-fujimichō中野富士見町1.31.3 Nakano
Mb05Nakano-shimbashi中野新橋0.61.9 
M06Nakano-sakaue中野坂上1.33.2
  • M Marunouchi Line (forIkebukuro andOgikubo; some trains through)
  • E Ōedo Line (E-30)

Rolling stock

[edit]
Two 02 series EMUs at Yotsuya Station in November 2020

Marunouchi Line services were operated using a fleet of 53Tokyo Metro 02 series six-car EMUs in service since 1988 together with six three-car sets used on Hōnanchō branch services until September 2022. All trains are based at Koishikawa and Nakano Depots.[13]

A fleet of 53 newTokyo Metro 2000 series six-car trains was scheduled to be introduced from fiscal 2018, replacing the 02 series trains by fiscal 2025.[14]On February 23, 2019, the 2000 series started operation.

Former

[edit]
  • TRTA 500 series/TRTA 300/TRTA 400 series/TRTA 500 series/TRTA 900 series (from 1954 until 1996, later sold and exported for use onLine B of theBuenos Aires Underground)
  • TRTA 100 series (from 1962 until 1968, transferred from Ginza Line, used for Hōnanchō branch only)
  • TRTA 2000 series (from 1968 until 1993, used for Hōnanchō branch only)
  • A Hōnanchō branch 2000 series train in 1977
    A Hōnanchō branch 2000 series train in 1977

References

[edit]
  • Shaw, Dennis and Morioka, Hisashi, "Tokyo Subways", published 1992 by Hoikusha Publishing
  1. ^Tokyo Metro station ridership in 2017Train Media (sourced from Tokyo Metro) Retrieved July 23, 2018.
  2. ^[1]Archived 2020-09-29 at theWayback Machine
  3. ^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on August 15, 2009. RetrievedSeptember 11, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^Tetsudo.com News:丸ノ内線全線でワンマン運転開始　28日から (17 March 2009). Retrieved on 17 March 2009.(in Japanese)
  5. ^丸ノ内線 方南町〜中野新橋駅間の駅ナンバリングを 訪日外国人旅行者の利便性向上のため、2016年11月から順次変更します
  6. ^"国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション".dl.ndl.go.jp. RetrievedJanuary 28, 2026.
  7. ^abc"丸ノ内線建設史（上巻）" [Marunouchi Line Construction History Vol. 1].metroarchive.jp (in Japanese).Teito Rapid Transit Authority. p. 300-316. RetrievedFebruary 2, 2026.
  8. ^abc"丸ノ内線建設史（上巻）" [Marunouchi Line Construction History Vol. 1].metroarchive.jp (in Japanese).Teito Rapid Transit Authority. p. 84-86. RetrievedFebruary 2, 2026.
  9. ^"History".tokyometro.jp. Archived fromthe original on June 5, 2023. RetrievedJuly 13, 2024.
  10. ^"「営団地下鉄」から「東京メトロ」へ" [From "Teito Rapid Transit Authority" to "Tokyo Metro"].Tokyo Metro Online. July 8, 2006. Archived fromthe original on May 16, 2012. RetrievedMay 29, 2022.
  11. ^丸ノ内線、方南町駅へ直通運転開始 東京メトロが17年度から [Tokyo Metro to operate through trains on Marunouchi Line to Hōnanchō Station from fiscal 2017].Nikkei Shimbun (in Japanese). Japan: Nikkei Inc. November 13, 2013. RetrievedNovember 14, 2013.
  12. ^Kinoshita, Kenji (December 9, 2024).東京メトロ丸ノ内線、12/7ダイヤ改正でCBTCシステム導入・使用開始 [Tokyo Metro Marunouchi Line adopts CBTC with December 7 timetable revision].Mynavi News (in Japanese). RetrievedDecember 9, 2024.
  13. ^私鉄車両編成表 2016 [Private Railway Rolling Stock Formations – 2016] (in Japanese). Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. July 25, 2016. p. 69.ISBN 978-4-330-70116-5.
  14. ^大手民鉄 2016年度の車両の新造・更新予定 [Major private railway fiscal 2016 rolling stock construction and refurbishment plans].Tetsudo Daiya Joho Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 45, no. 389. Japan: Kotsu Shimbun. September 2016. p. 70.

External links

[edit]
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