Tityridae is family ofsuboscinepasserine birds found in forest and woodland in theNeotropics. The 45 species in this family were formerly spread over the familiesTyrannidae,Pipridae andCotingidae (seeTaxonomy). As yet, no widely acceptedcommon name exists for the family, althoughtityras and allies andtityras, mourners and allies have been used. They are small to medium-sized birds. Under current classification, the family ranges in size from thebuff-throated purpletuft, at 9.5 cm (3.7 in) and 10 grams (0.35 ounces), to themasked tityra, at up to 24 cm (9.5 in) and 88 grams (3.1 ounces).[1][2] Most have relatively short tails and large heads.
The family Tityridae (as the subfamily Tityrinae) containing the generaTityra andPachyramphus was introduced by the English zoologistGeorge Robert Gray in 1840.[3][4]
The existence of the family Tityridae (although simply treated as aclade) was first proposed in 1989 based on the morphology of several syringeal andskeletal features.[6] The existence of this family has later been confirmed by multiple studies involving bothmitochondrial DNA andnuclear DNA.[7][8][9][10][11]
The cladogram below shows the phylogenetic relationships in theparvorder Tyrannida. It is based on the study by Carl Oliveros and collaborators published in 2019 and the study by Michael Harvey and collaborators that was published in 2020.[12][13] The families and species numbers are from the list maintained by theInternational Ornithologists' Union (IOC).[14]
^Snow, D.; Sharpe, C.J. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.)."Buff-throated Purpletuft (Iodopleura pipra)".Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved10 January 2018.
^Mobley, J.; de Juana, E. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.)."Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata)".Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved10 January 2018.
^Harvey, M.G.; et al. (2020). "The evolution of a tropical biodiversity hotspot".Science.370 (6522):1343–1348.doi:10.1126/science.aaz6970. A high resolution version of the phylogenetic tree in Figure 1 is available from the first author's websitehere.
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