17 December 2010:Mohamed Bouazizi sets himself on fire following harassment by a municipal officer,[1] sparkingprotests acrossTunisia.[2]
29 December 2010:Protests erupt inAlgeria following housing shortages.[3]
14 January 2011: Thousands ofJordaniansprotest rising food prices, unemployment, and the government.[4] TheTunisian government is dissolved and PresidentZine El Abidine Ben Ali flees the country after making concessions that fail to satisfy protestors.[5]
17 January 2011:Protests begin inOman, responding to corruption and high food prices.[6]
25 January 2011: Thousands ofprotesters inEgypt gather inTahrir Square,Cairo, demanding the resignation of PresidentHosni Mubarak.[7]
27 January 2011: Thousands ofprotesters gather inYemen demanding a change in government.[8]
1 February 2011: KingAbdullah II of Jordan dismisses Prime MinisterSamir Rifai and his cabinet.[9]
11 February 2011:Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigns and transfers his powers to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.[10]
12 February 2011:Protests erupt inIraq, responding to government corruption, a lack of electricity, and similar protests in Egypt.[11]
14 February 2011: Protests inBahrain start, initially for greater political freedom and respect for human rights; they were not intended to directly threatenthe monarchy.[12][13]
15 February 2011: Protests break out againstMuammar Gaddafi's regime inBenghazi,Libya, leading to theFirst Libyan Civil War.[14][15]
17 February 2011: Bahraini police raid a protest at thePearl Roundabout in Manama; four protesters are killed.[16][17][18][19]
19 February 2011: Stateless people (Bedoon) inKuwait protest for citizenship and access to social services.[20]
20 February 2011: Thousands of protestors gather inMorocco, demanding constitutional reform.[21]
23 February 2011:Algerian PresidentAbdelaziz Bouteflika promises to lift the 19-year-old state of emergency.[22][23][24]
26 February 2011: Omani SultanQaboos bin Said al Said makes some economic concessions.
3 March 2011:Egyptian Prime MinisterAhmed Shafik resigns following protests.[25]
13 March 2011: Sultan Qaboos promises to grant lawmaking powers to Oman's elected legislature.[26][27]
14 March 2011:Gulf Cooperation Council forces (composed mainly ofSaudi andUAE troops) occupy Bahrain on request of the government.[28][29]
15 March 2011: Hundreds ofSyrians gather to protest theal-Assad government, calling for democratic reforms and the release of political prisoners.[30]
18 March 2011: The Bahraini government tears down thePearl Roundabout monument.[31]
15 April 2011: Algerian President Bouteflika announces major reforms.[32]
26 April 2011: King Abdullah of Jordan creates the Royal Committee to Review the Constitution in accordance with calls for reform.[33]
3 June 2011:Yemeni PresidentAli Abdullah Saleh is injured in a failed assassination attempt. He temporarily makes Vice PresidentAbd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi the acting president of the nation.[34]
26 June 2011: Thousands of Kuwaitis rally inAl-Erada Square to protest against a court ruling that dissolved the opposition-dominated parliament.[35]
1 July 2011: Aconstitutional referendum is held in Morocco.[36]
20–28 August 2011: TheBattle of Tripoli occurs inLibya. Rebel forces capture and effectively gain control of the capital city of Tripoli, therefore practically overthrowing the regime of dictatorMuammar Gaddafi.[37]
27 August 2011: Around 3,000 people, mainly men in traditional Kuwaiti dress, gather opposite parliament at Al-Erada Square to protest changes to the electoral law.[38]
30 September 2011: Abdullah II approves changes to all 42 articles of the Constitution.[citation needed]
9–10 October 2011:Coptic Christians in Egyptprotest against the destruction of a church. The Army responds by attacking the protesters with tanks, killing many.[39]
20 October 2011: Muammar Gaddafi is captured and killed by rebels in the city ofSirte.[40]
23 October 2011: TheNational Transitional Council (NTC) officially declares an end to the First Libyan Civil War.[41]
24 October 2011: Abdullah II dismisses Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit and his cabinet.
16 November 2011: Kuwaitis storm their parliament and demand the resignation of Prime MinisterNasser Al-Sabah.[42]
19 November 2011: Muammar Gaddafi's son,Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, was finally captured after hiding inNigeria.[43]
19–21 November 2011: Many people once again protest in Cairo's Tahrir Square, demanding that the SCAF speed up the transition to a more civilian government. Protesters and soldiers clash and many are injured and killed.[44][45]
23 November 2011: TheBahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry released its report on its investigation of the events, finding that the government had systematically tortured prisoners and committed other human rights violations. It also rejected the government's claims that the protests were instigated byIran.
28 November 2011: Kuwaiti Prime MinisterNasser Al-Sabah resigns.[46][47]
20 December 2011: Many women protest in Egypt against human rights violations.[48]
10 January 2012:Syrian PresidentBashar al-Assad gives a speech in which he blames the uprising on foreigners and says it will require the cooperation of all Syrians in order to stop the rebels.
24 January 2012: EgyptianField Marshal and military leaderMohamed Hussein Tantawi announces the decades-oldstate of emergency will be partially lifted the following day.[49]
3 February 2012: The Syrian government beginsan attack on the city of Homs.[50]
27 February 2012: Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh officially resigns and then transfers his powers to Vice PresidentAbd Rabbuh Mansur Al-Hadi.[51]
20 April 2012: Many people once again protest in Cairo's Tahrir Square, demanding a quicker transfer of power to a new president.[52]
2 May 2012: As the protests continue,Awn Al-Khasawneh resigns,[53] and the King appointsFayez Tarawneh as the new prime minister of Jordan.[54]
23–24 May 2012: Egyptians vote in the first round of apresidential election.Ahmed Shafik andMohammed Morsi win this election.[55]
25 May 2012: The Syrian government carries out amassacre in Houla, killing 108 people.[56]
2 June 2012: The former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak is sentenced to life in prison by an Egyptian court.
13 June 2012: The former Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali is sentenced to prison by a Tunisian court.
16–17 June 2012: Egyptians vote in the 2nd round of a presidential run-off election, whichMohammed Morsi wins.[55]
20 June 2012: The Constitutional Court of Kuwait declares the February 2012election illegal and reinstates the previous parliament.[57]
24 June 2012:Egypt's election commission announces thatMuslim Brotherhood candidateMohammed Morsi won Egypt's presidential runoff. Morsi won by a narrow margin overAhmed Shafiq, the last prime minister under deposed leaderHosni Mubarak. The commission says Morsi took 51.7 percent of the vote versus 48.3 for Shafiq.
12 July 2012: The Syrian army carries out amassacre in the Village of Tremseh. Up to 225 people are killed.
15 July 2012: TheInternational Committee of the Red Cross officially declares that the Syrian uprising is now acivil war.
18 July 2012: Abombing in Damascus kills many members of President Bashar al-Assad's inner circle, including his brother-in-lawAssef Shawkat.
19 July 2012: Former Egyptian Vice PresidentOmar Suleiman dies of aheart attack at a hospital inCleveland, Ohio,United States.
27 July 2012: Government forces and rebels begin fighting a battle to capture Syria's largest city,Aleppo. TheUN reports that over 200,000 Syrian refugees have fled the country since the fighting began.
In late September, theFree Syrian Army moved its command headquarters from southern Turkey into rebel-controlled areas of northern Syria.[58]
11 September 2012:Islamic militants attack the American diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, killing U.S. AmbassadorJ. Christopher Stevens andSean Smith, U.S. Foreign Service Information Management Officer.
9 October 2012: The Free Syrian Armyseizes control of Maarat al-Numan, a strategic town inIdlib Governorate on the highway linking Damascus with Aleppo.[59] By 18 October, the FSA had captured Douma, the biggest suburb of Damascus.[60]
10 October 2012: Abdullah dissolves the parliament for new early elections and appointsAbdullah Ensour as the new prime minister.
19 October 2012:Wissam al-Hassan, abrigadier general of theLebaneseInternal Security Forces, dies along with several others in the2012 Beirut bombing.
22 November 2012:[61] Hundreds of thousands of protestersdemonstrate againstEgyptian presidentMohammed Morsi after he grants himself unlimited powers to “protect” the nation[62][63] and the power tolegislate without judicial oversight or review of his acts.[64]
25 January 2013:Protests againstMohamed Morsi develop all overEgypt on the second anniversary of the2011 revolution, including inTahrir Square, where thousands of protesters gathered. At least 6 civilians and 1 police officer are shot dead in the Egyptian city ofSuez, while 456 others are injured nationwide.[65][66][67][68]
In early February, Syrian rebels begin anoffensive on Damascus.
12 February 2013: TheUnited Nations states the death toll of theSyrian Civil War has exceeded 70,000 people.[69]
6 March 2013: Syrian rebelscapture Ar-Raqqah, the first major city to be under rebel control in theSyrian civil war.[70] Meanwhile, theSyrian National Coalition is granted Syria's membership in theArab League.[71][72]
24 April 2013: The minaret of theGreat Mosque of Aleppo, Syria, built in 1090,[73] is destroyed during an exchange of heavy weapons fire between government forces and rebels.[74][75][76]
June 5 2013: Syrian government forcesretake the strategic town ofAl-Qusayr.[77][78]
3 July 2013: Mohamed Morsi is deposed in militarycoup d'état,[79][80] followed byclashes between security forces and protestors.[81][82]
8 July 2013: Egyptian Prime MinisterHisham Qandil resigns and the cabinet is dissolved,[83] paving the way for military chiefAbdel Fattah el-Sisi torun for president.
14 August 2013: Egyptian security forces, under the command ofel-Sisi,attack protesters in Cairo, leaving hundreds dead and thousands wounded.[84][85] Scholars argue the massacre ended the Arab Spring, at least in Egypt.[86]
21 August 2013: In theGhouta chemical attack, several areas disputed or controlled by theSyrian opposition are struck byrockets containing thechemical agentsarin. Estimates of the death toll range from 281[87] to 1,729.[88]
30 December 2013: TheIraqi Civil War officially begins.
Aconflict between the Syrian opposition and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant erupts.
7 May 2014: Syrian rebels withdraw from theSiege of Homs.[89]
16 May 2014: TheSecond Libyan Civil War begins.
30 May 2014: Sisi wins the Egyptian presidential election, while his opponent says the vote was unfair.[90]
8 September 2014:Haider al-Abadi is elected Prime Minister of Iraq.
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