^abNeither performed nor recognized insome tribal nations of the US. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations andAmerican Samoa.
^Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights in Israel. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
^A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
^Guardianship agreements confer some limited legal benefits in China, including decisions about medical and personal care.
^Hong Kong provides inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
This article contains a timeline of significant events regardingsame-sex marriage and legal recognition of same-sex couples worldwide. It begins with the history of same-sex unions during ancient times, which consisted of unions ranging from informal and temporary relationships to highly ritualized unions, and continues to modern-daystate-recognized same-sex marriage. Events concerning same-sex marriages becoming legal in a country or in a country's state are listed inbold.
The summary table below lists in chronological order the sovereign states (United Nations member states plusTaiwan) that have legalized same-sex marriage. As of January 2025, 38 states have legalized same sex marriage.
Dates are when marriages between same-sex couples began to be officially certified. When distinguished, the initial date is the date of legalization in the first subnational jurisdiction (state, province or constituent country), and the second is the completion date for all jurisdictions, not counting external territories (or in the case of the US,sovereign tribal nations). A dash indicates that same-sex marriage is not (yet) legal in all jurisdictions. This is the case for theKingdom of the Netherlands, where the constituent countrySint Maarten has not yet legalized, and for theRealm of New Zealand, where the constituent countries of Niue and the Cook Islands have not legalized.
Various types of same-sex marriages have existed,[1] ranging from informal, unsanctioned relationships to highly ritualized unions.[2]
Cicero mentions the marriage (using the Latin verb for "to marry", i.e.nubere) of the son of Curio the Elder, but he does it in a metaphorical form to criticize his enemy Antonius. Cicero states thus that the younger Curio was "united in a stable and permanent marriage" to Antonius.[3] Martial also mentions a number of same-sex marriages, but always in derisory terms against people whom he wants to mock.[4]
At least two of the Roman Emperors were in same-sex unions; and in fact, thirteen out of the first fourteen Roman Emperors held to be bisexual or exclusively homosexual.[5] The first Roman emperor to have married a man wasNero, who is reported to have married two other men on different occasions. First with one of hisfreedmen,Pythagoras, to whom Nero took the role of the bride, and later as a groom Nero married a young boy, who resembled one of his concubines,[6] namedSporus.
Adolescent emperorElagabalus referred to hischariot driver, a blond slave fromCaria namedHierocles, as his husband.[7] He also married an athlete named Zoticus in a lavish public ceremony in Rome amidst the rejoicings of the citizens.[8] In the Far East, same-sex marriage was recorded as normal and accepted by society in many of the native cultures of theAsia-Pacific region, such asPhilippines.[9]
TheSiwa Oasis in Egypt had a historical acceptance of male homosexuality and even rituals ofsame-sex marriage—traditions that Egyptian authorities have sought to repress, with increasing success, since the early 20th century.[10] The GermanegyptologistGeorge Steindorff explored the oasis in 1900 and reported that homosexual relations were common and often extended to a form of marriage.[11]
1590: TheBoxer Codex records same-sex marriage as a normal occurrence in thePhilippines for the indigenous population.
1781: Jens Andersson of Norway, assigned female at birth, but identifying as male, was imprisoned and put on trial after marrying Anne Kristine Mortensdotter in a Lutheran church. When asked about their gender, the response was "Hand troer at kunde henhøre til begge Deele" ("He believes he belongs to both").[12]
Two women namedMarcela Gracia and Elisa Sánchez are able to get legally married inA Coruña, Spain. To achieve it, Elisa adopted a male identity under the name Mario Sánchez to marry Marcela and thus they were able to fool the authorities. The truth eventually broke out and their case appeared in many newspapers throughout Europe, so they had to escape to the Americas to avoid being arrested.[15]
Following thedecriminalisation of homosexuality in theSoviet Union, a conference on sexual and gender diversity organised by thePeople's Commissariat for Health adopts a resolution calling for same-sex marriage to be officially recognised with a requirement for approval from a psychiatrist. The resolution was not adopted into law and homosexuality was re-criminalised by the Soviet Union in 1933 underJoseph Stalin.[16]
Swedish lesbian activist Vivi Astroy and her partner Märta organize a symbolic wedding ceremony with around 50 guests in one of the banquet halls of the Källaren Drufvan restaurant, inStockholm. A gay friend of theirs officiated the wedding.[17]
1 January:Maryland becomes the first state in the U.S. to statutorily ban same-sex marriage.[24] In the following two decades, other states joined Maryland in statutorily banning same-sex marriage, reaching almost the totality of US states by 1994.[citation needed]
20 May:Singer v. Hara, a lawsuit filed byJohn F. Singer andPaul Barwick after being refused a request for a marriage license at the King County Administration Building inSeattle, Washington on 20 September 1971, ends with a unanimous rejection by theWashington State Court of Appeals.[25]
April: Boulder County clerk Clela Rorex issued five same-sex marriage licenses.[26] Boulder District Attorney deferred the licenses, which became void.[27] The matter never reached the courts, and the six marriages were never invalidated.[28][29]
June: TheNetherlands adopts an "unregistered cohabitation" scheme as a civil status in rent law, becoming the first country in the world where same-sex couples could apply for limited rights.[30]
4 December: TheBerkeley City Council passes adomestic partnership policy to offer insurance benefits to city employees in same-sex relationships, which madeBerkeley the first city in the U.S. to do so.[31]
27 August:[34]Andrew Sullivan writes the first major article in the United States advocating for gay people to be given the right to marry,[35] published inThe New Republic.[36]
1 October:Denmark becomes the first country in the world to legally recognisesame-sex unions, afterMargrethe II of Denmark gave royal assent to a bill legalising "registered partnerships" in a 71–47 vote.[37][38]
30 April:Norway approves a registered partnerships bill, becoming the second country in the world (afterDenmark) to provide legal recognition for same-sex couples. It came into effect on 1 August.
5 May: TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofHawaii rules inBaehr v. Lewin that the state's law limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples is presumed to be unconstitutional unless the state can present a "compelling interest" justifying the same-sex marriage ban.[39]
4 June: The Parliament ofIceland legalizes registered partnerships in a 44–1 vote.[43][44]
21 September: As a direct result of theBaehr v. Lewin ruling of 1993, PresidentBill Clinton of the United States signs theDefense of Marriage Act (DOMA) into law, which banned the federal Government from recognizing same-sex unions.[45]
12 November: Local politician Lonnie Rich proposed the legalization of same-sex marriage before theAlexandria, VA City Council.[46] His proposal was not passed, but was an early example of a heterosexual politician showing support for same-sex marriages.[47]
5 July: TheNetherlands passes a registered partnerships bill.[48] It became law on 1 January 1998.[30]
U.S. state ofHawaii passes a law to establishReciprocal beneficiary relationships, which made Hawaii the first state in the country to offer statewide recognition for same-sex couples. The law came into force on 1 July of the same year.[49]
30 June:Catalonia becomes the first region of the world to legalize civil unions for same-sex couples.[50]
3 November: Hawaii andAlaska become the first U.S. states to pass constitutional amendments against same-sex marriage.[51] Other U.S. states followed suit and passed similar amendments in the following years, reaching a peak of 31 in 2012. For more information, refer toU.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions.
22 September: GovernorGray Davis from the U.S. state ofCalifornia signs adomestic partnerships bill into law that provided limited rights for same-sex couples,[55] which made California the first state in the country to have a statewide domestic partnership scheme and the second to provide a registry for same-sex couples afterHawaii.
15 November: TheParliament ofFrance approves legislation (art. 515-1 et s. Code civil) that:
creates a relationship register for both gay and straight couples (called "Pacte civil de solidarité" abbreviated as "PaCS"); and
redefines the non-registered partnership as the stable union between two adults regardless of their gender (before this law, previous decisions of the French highest Court ruled that there could be no couple without appearance of marriage, therefore excluding gay people from any vision of family).
20 December: TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofVermont holds inBaker v. Vermont that excluding same-sex couples from marriage violates theVermont Constitution and orders the legislature to establish same-sex marriage or an equivalent status.[56]
26 April: GovernorHoward Dean from the U.S. state ofVermont signs a civil unions bill in response to the ruling ofBaker v. Vermont, thus making Vermont the first state in the U.S. to give civil union rights to same-sex couples. It became law on 1 July.[57][58][59]
23 June:Spanish region ofNavarra legalizes same-sex civil unions. It also legalized joint adoption for same-sex couples, a first for the country.[60][61]
November:Germany approves a bill to legalize "Life partnerships". It became law on 1 August 2001.
21 December:Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands signs into law the first same-sex marriage bill in the world. It had previously cleared the country's Senate on 19 December in a 49–26 vote[62] and the House of Representatives on 12 September in a 109–33 vote.[63] The law came into effect on 1 April 2001.
Two men marrying inAmsterdam, afterQueen Beatrix signed the law to makeNetherlands the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage (2001)[64]
14 January: Two same-sex marriages are performed at theMetropolitan Community Church of Toronto in Ontario,Canada.[65] Although registration of the marriages was initially denied, a successful court challenge upheld their legality on 10 June 2003, thus retroactively making them the first legal same-sex marriages in modern times.[66]
Netherlands (1 April):Laws that permit marriage for same-sex couples and grant same-sex couples adoption rights in theNetherlands come into effect. Four same-sex couples are married at the stroke of midnight by the Mayor ofAmsterdam.
28 September: The Parliament ofFinland approves a Registered Partnerships bill in a 99–84 vote.[67] The law came into effect on 1 March 2002.
June: theNational Assembly of Quebec passed theAct Instituting Civil Unions and Establishing New Rules of Filiation. This created civil unions, which allow both same-sex and opposite-sex couples to make a public commitment to live together and comply with the resulting rights and obligations.[70]
12 December: A bill was passed to make civil unions legal in the Autonomous City ofBuenos Aires, Argentina, making it the first jurisdiction in Latin America to legally recognize same-sex unions.[72]
Belgium (13 February):KingAlbert II of Belgium signs a bill legalizingsame-sex marriage into law, making Belgium the second country in the world to legalize civil marriage for same-sex couples, after theNetherlands. The bill previously passed theChamber of Representatives in a 91–22 vote on 30 January 2003 and theSenate in a 46–15 vote on 13 December 2002. It came into effect on 1 June.
17 September: A registered partnership bill receives Royal Assent inTasmania, Australia. It was previously approved by the state Legislative Council on 27 August and by the state House of Assembly on 25 June.[74] It came into effect on 1 January 2004.[75]
April: The U.S. state ofMaine adopts a registered partnerships bill. The law comes into effect on 30 July.[77]
12 May: The parliament ofLuxembourg approves a civil partnerships bill.[78][79] It came into effect on 1 November.
17 May: Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the U.S. state ofMassachusetts after the Legislature failed to take any action in the 180 days period given by the state's Supreme Court. It becomes the first U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage.[80]
5 November: A judge inSaskatchewan, Canada, rules that same-sex couples must enjoy the right to equal marriage in that province.
17 November:The United Kingdom's parliament legalizes civil partnerships for same-sex couples. The bill receivesroyal assent the next day, and takes effect on 5 December 2005.
23 March: The Principality ofAndorra legalizes same-sex unions.[81]
20 April: GovernorJodi Rell from the U.S. State ofConnecticut signs a same-sex civil unions bill into law after passing the State Senate 26 to 8 earlier that day. The bill was previously approved on 13 April by the State House of Representatives in an 85–63 vote. It came into effect on 1 October.
5 June: A registered partnership law is approved inSwitzerland by 58 percent of voters after opponents organized a ballot measure.[82] It came into effect on 1 January 2007.
22 June: A registered partnerships bill is approved inSlovenia giving same-sex couples limited rights.[83] It came into effect on 23 July 2006.
23 June: A judge inNew Brunswick, Canada, rules that same-sex couples have the right to equal marriage in that province.
Spain (30 June):The Congress of Deputies ofSpain passes a same-sex marriage bill for a second time, overruling the rejection of the Spanish Senate a week before. This makes Spain the third country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. The law took effect on 3 July, after it was publicized in the official government registry. KingJuan Carlos I granted the lawRoyal Assent the day after passage.
Canada (19 July):The Parliament ofCanada legalizes same-sex marriage, making Canada the first country in the Americas to legalize same-sex marriage and the fourth in the world to do so. It became law on 20 July after receiving Royal Assent. Eight of ten provinces and one of three territories in Canada already allowed same-sex marriage before being recognized federally.
15 March: TheCzech Republic's parliament passes aregistered partnership law with 101 votes (out of 177) overriding PresidentVáclav Klaus, who previously vetoed the law on 16 February[84] after it was approved by the lower and upper house in 2005. The law came into effect on 1 July.[85]
18 May: KingAlbert II of Belgium signs a bill allowing adoption by same-sex couples into law after it was approved by the country's Senate on 20 April in a 34–33 vote.
25 October: TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofNew Jersey unanimously rules in favor of same-sex marriage; 4–3 give the legislature six months to legalize same-sex marriage or civil unions. The three dissenting justices dissented because they believed same-sex couples should have the full right to marry.[86]
9 November: The Legislative Assembly ofMexico City passes a civil union law.
21 November: Israel's supreme court rules that same-sex marriages performed abroad will be formally registered by the Israeli Interior Ministry. This ruling makes equal the status of same-sex couples and other Israeli couples who cannot be married by the formal religious institutions in Israel (e.g. couples from different religions).
7 December: The Parliament ofCanada rejects Prime MinisterStephen Harper's motion to re-open the equal marriage debate. The motion was defeated 175–123, and every political party had more MPs supporting same-sex marriage than in the previous vote. The prime minister declared the issue "settled".
21 December: GovernorJon Corzine from the U.S. state ofNew Jersey signs a bill legalizing civil unions into law.[88] It took effect on 19 February 2007.
12 January: The Mexican state ofCoahuila legalizes civil unions, being the first state to do so in Mexico and the second entity (afterMexico D.F.).
21 April: GovernorChristine Gregoire from the U.S. state ofWashington signs a domestic partnerships bill into law.[89] It came into effect on 22 July.
9 May: GovernorTed Kulongoski from the U.S. state ofOregon signs a domestic partnerships bill into law. It came into effect on 1 February 2008.
31 May: GovernorJohn Lynch from the U.S. state ofNew Hampshire signs a civil unions bill into law. It came into effect on 1 January 2008.
30 August: A court of the U.S. state ofIowa strikes down its ban on same-sex marriage as a result of a legal challenge. About 20 couples obtained marriage licenses and one couple married before the judge issued a stay of his ruling pending appeal.[90]
Uruguay (27 December):PresidentTabaré Vázquez ofUruguay signs a civil unions bill into law, becoming the first country in Latin America to approve a law giving legal recognition to same-sex couples.[91] The bill was previously approved by the country's legislature on 19 December.[92] It came into effect on 1 January 2008.[93]
15 April: A bill legalizing registered relationships receives Royal Assent inVictoria, Australia. It was previously approved by the State Legislative Council on 10 April and by the State Legislative Assembly on 12 March. The law came into effect on 1 December.[94]
8 May: The Legislative Assembly of theACT, Australia, passes a bill legalizing civil partnerships for same-sex couples.[95] It came into effect on 19 May.
The first same-sex wedding in San Francisco,California, with legal recognition by the state, withMayor Gavin Newsom officiating (16 June 2008)
22 May: GovernorMartin O'Malley of the U.S. state ofMaryland signs into law two bills legalizing domestic partnerships. They came into effect on 1 July.
Norway (17 June):Norway's upper house legalizes same-sex marriage in a 23–17 vote. The bill was previously approved by the lower house on 11 June in an 84–41 vote.[96] It came into effect on 1 January 2009.
Connecticut (10 October):TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofConnecticut legalizes same-sex marriage in the landmarkKerrigan and Mock v. Connecticut Department of Public Health ruling.[100] Same-sex weddings started on 12 November.
4 November: A referendum seeking to constitutionally ban same-sex marriages in the U.S. state ofCalifornia is approved by 52.2% of voters;[101] thusoverturning same-sex marriage in California, this event being noteworthy because it was the first time in modern history that same-sex marriage has been overturned.
28 January: TheConstitutional Court of Colombia rules that same-sex couples are entitled to the same rights as heterosexual couples incommon-law marriages. The ruling means that civil and political rights such as nationality, residency, housing protection, and state benefits are now granted to same-sex partners.[102]
Sweden (1 April):The Parliament ofSweden legalizes same-sex marriage in a 226–22 vote.[103] The law came into effect on 1 May.
Iowa (3 April):TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofIowa unanimously votes to legalize same-sex marriage in the landmarkVarnum v. Brien ruling.[104] Same-sex weddings started on 27 April.
Vermont (7 April):The U.S. state ofVermont legalizes same-sex marriage after a 23–5 vote in the State Senate and a 100–49 vote in the House of Representatives, overriding GovernorJim Douglas, who had vetoed the law a day earlier, thus making Vermont the first U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage through statute, rather than court decisions.[105] The bill came into effect on 1 September.
20 April: The Parliament ofHungary legalizes registered partnerships in a 199–159 vote.[106] The law came into effect on 1 July.
6 May: GovernorJohn Baldacci from the U.S. state ofMaine signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[107] The bill was previously approved 89–58 by the House of Representatives a day earlier and 21–14 by the State Senate on 30 April. However, opponents organized a referendum that overturned the law on 3 November.[108]
18 May: GovernorChris Gregoire from the U.S. state ofWashington signs the so-called "everything-but-marriage" registered partnerships bill into law.[109][110] It was passed by the State Senate on 10 March and by the House of Representatives on 15 April. Opponents organized a referendum that failed to overturn it on 3 November.[111] The law took effect on 3 December.
26 May:California Supreme Court upholdsProposition 8, constitutionally banning same-sex marriage, but rules that previously officiated same-sex marriages shall remain valid.
31 May: The Assembly of the U.S. state ofNevada legalizes domestic partnerships by a 28–14 vote,[112] overriding a veto from GovernorJim Gibbons after the Senate did the same on 30 May by a 14–7 vote.[113] The law came into effect on 1 October.[113]
New Hampshire (3 June):GovernorJohn Lynch from the U.S. State ofNew Hampshire signs a bill legalizing same-sex marriage into law after being approved 14–10 by the State Senate and 198–176 by the House of Representatives.[114] The law took effect on 1 January 2010.
29 June: GovernorJim Doyle from the U.S. state ofWisconsin signs into law a bill legalizing registered partnerships. The bill was previously approved by the State Assembly in a 50–48 vote on 13 June[115] and by the State Senate in a 17–16 vote on 17 June.[115] The law came into effect on 3 August.
18 December: The Federal Council (upper house) ofAustria's passes a bill legalizing registered partnerships in a 44–8 vote.[119] The bill was previously passed by the National Council (lower house) on 10 December in a 110–64 vote.[120] It came into effect on 1 January 2010.
28 December: The first same-sex marriage inArgentina and Latin America is conducted inUshuaia, province ofTierra del Fuego. The couple first planned to marry in Buenos Aires on 1 December after a city court ruled that it should be issued a marriage license;[121] however, a national judge blocked the marriage from taking place in Buenos Aires. The couple successfully married in Ushuaia thanks to GovernorFabiana Ríos's intervention.[122]
Mexico City (29 December):Mexico City's Head of GovernmentMarcelo Ebrard signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[123] The bill was previously approved on 21 December by the Legislative Assembly in a 39–20 vote. It took effect on 3 March 2010.[124]Civil unions in Mexico City had been available since 2007, but full marriage was not yet recognized.[125]
Portugal (17 May):President of PortugalAníbal Cavaco Silva signs asame-sex marriage bill into law, making Portugal the sixth country in Europe, and eighth country overall, to legalize same-sex marriages.[126] The country's Assembly previously approved the bill in its second reading on 11 February.[127] It took effect on 5 June.[128]
19 May: A registered partnerships bill receivesRoyal Assent inNew South Wales, Australia.[129] The bill was previously approved by the state upper House on 12 May in a 32–5 vote and by the state lower House on 11 May in a 62–9 vote. The law came into effect on 1 July.[130]
Iceland (11 June):The Parliament ofIceland unanimously approves a law legalizingsame-sex marriage by a vote of 49–0.[131] The law took effect on 27 June.
27 June:Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir,Iceland's Prime minister, becomes the world's first head of government to enter a same-sex marriage.[132]
19 July: PresidentMary McAleese ofIreland signs into law a bill legalizing Civil Partnerships. It was previously passed by the Seanad in a 48–4 vote on 8 July.[133] The law came into effect on 1 January 2011.[134]
Argentina (21 July):PresidentCristina Fernandez ofArgentina signs a same-sex marriage bill into law,[135] making Argentina the first country in both South America and Latin America, and the second country in the Americas, to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide. The bill was previously approved by the country's Senate 33–27 on 15 July[136] and 125–109 by the Chamber of Deputies on 5 May.[137] The first marriage took place on 30 July.[138]
4 August:U.S. District Court of Northern California declares thatProposition 8, a 2008 California-electorate ban on same-sex marriage, violatesdue process andequal protection clauses in theU.S. Constitution.[139] Supporters of the proposition eventually appealed all the way to the Supreme Court, which issued a ruling in 2013.
5 August: TheSupreme Court of Mexico votes 8–2 to uphold the constitutionality of Mexico City's same-sex marriage law.[140] On the following days, it also votes to mandate that all 31 states of Mexico must recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions (on 10 August, on a 9–2 vote)[141] and to uphold a Mexico City law permitting same-sex couples entering into marriages to adopt children (on 16 August, on a 9–2 vote).[142]
10 August: TheSupreme Court ofCosta Rica issues a 5–2 ruling to halt a referendum on same-sex civil unions which was scheduled for 5 December after stating that minority rights should not be decided by the majority.[143]
10 January: The Court of Appeal of the province ofSaskatchewan in Canada rules that marriage commissioners cannot refuse to wed same-sex couples on religious grounds.[144]
31 January: GovernorPat Quinn from the US state ofIllinois signs a civil unions bill into law.[145] The bill was previously approved 32–24 by the state Senate on 1 December[146] and 61–52 by the state House of Representatives on 30 November.[147] It came into effect on 1 June.[148]
23 February: GovernorNeil Abercrombie from the US state of Hawaii signs a civil unions bill into law.[149] The bill was previously approved 18–5 by the state Senate on 16 February[150] and 31–19 by the state House of Representatives on 11 February.[151] It came into effect on 1 January 2012.[152]
15 March: TheIsle of Man legalizes civil partnerships.[153] The law came into effect on 6 April.[154]
16 March: The Parliament ofLiechtenstein passes a registered partnerships bill in a 24–0 vote.[155] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on 19 June.[156]
11 May: GovernorJack Markell from the US state ofDelaware signs a civil unions bill into law.[159] The bill was previously approved 26–15 by the state House of Representatives on 14 April[160] and 13–6 by the state Senate on 7 April.[161] It came into effect on 1 January 2012.[152]
19 June: Voters ofLiechtenstein approve a registered partnerships bill by 68.8% after opponents organized a ballot measure.[156] The law took effect on 1 September.[156]
New York (24 June):GovernorAndrew Cuomo from the US state ofNew York signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was previously approved two hours early 33–29 by the state Senate and 80–63 by the state Assembly on 15 June.[162] It came into effect on 24 July.[163]
1 July: A civil unions bill in the US state ofRhode Island becomes effective, Independent GovernorLincoln Chafee signed the bill on 2 July 2011 but the law was made retroactive from 1 July 2011.[164] The bill was previously approved 21–16 by the state Senate on 29 June[165] and by the Assembly in a 62–11 vote on 20 May.[166]
12 July: A civil partnerships bill is unanimously approved inJersey.[167] It took effect on 2 April 2012.[168]
26 July: TheConstitutional Court of Colombia rules that same-sex couples have the right to form a family and orders the Congress to pass legislation addressing the issue of same-sex marriage before 20 June 2013. If such a law is not passed until then, same-sex couples will be able to apply for marriage-like rights automatically.[169][170]
1 August: Same-sex marriage is in effect legalized by theSuquamish tribe in the US state ofWashington for tribe members.[171]
28 November: First same-sex marriages are held inQuintana Roo, Mexico, because the state's civil code does not statesex or gender requirements for marriage.[173]
30 November: The state parliament ofQueensland, Australia, passes a civil partnerships bill in a 47–40 vote.[174] The law came into effect on 23 February 2012.[175]
Alagoas (7 December):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofAlagoas extends marriage to same-sex couples.[176][177]
Washington (13 February):GovernorChristine Gregoire from the US state ofWashington signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was priorly approved 55–43 by the state House on 8 February[178] and 28–21 by the state Senate on 1 February.[179] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on 6 November.
Maryland (1 March):GovernorMartin O'Malley from the US state ofMaryland signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[180] The bill was previously approved by theSenate, 25–22, on 23 February[181] and by theHouse, 72–67, on 17 February.[182] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on 6 November.
Denmark (7 June):The Parliament ofDenmark legalizes same-sex marriage in an 85–24 vote, becoming the eighth country in Europe, and eleventh overall, to do so.[183][184] The law took effect on 15 June.[183] Denmark was previously the first country to legally recognize same-sex couples through registered partnerships in 1989.[185]
10 June: A judicial court inUruguay declares a foreign same-sex marriage valid, making it the first legal same-sex marriage in the country.[186] The ruling also affirmed that local laws already permit same-sex marriage, even if they do not state it literally, and that Uruguayans married overseas can go to a judge to have their marriages recognized.[187]
Sergipe (5 July):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofSergipe issues "Provimento nº 06/2012", extending marriage to same-sex couples.[188]
Bahia (10 October):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofBahia extends marriage to same-sex couples. The ruling came into effect on 26 November.[190][191]
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (10 October):Same-sex marriage is legalized in theBonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba after the Dutch Parliament passed a law extending its same-sex marriage law to the special municipalities.[192] The first same-sex marriage was performed on Saba on 4 December 2012 between a Dutch and a Venezuelan man, both residing in Aruba.[193]
6 November: TheSpanish Constitutional Court upholds the country's same-sex marriage law after the rulingPeople's Party filed a lawsuit arguing that it was unconstitutional. After the ruling, the Spanish Minister of Justice said that the government will accept the verdict and drop plans to change the law.[194]
6 November: Voters in the US states ofMaine,Maryland, andWashington approve same-sex marriage laws in referendums, becoming the first jurisdictions in the world to legalize same-sex marriage through this process,[195][196] while voters in the US state ofMinnesota become the first to reject aconstitutional amendment seeking to ban same-sex marriage in their state.[197] The laws of Washington, Maine and Maryland, came into effect on 6 December 2012, 29 December 2012[198] and 1 January 2013[199] respectively.
26 November: Same-sex marriages begin in the Brazilian state ofBahia.[190][191]
5 December: Supreme Court of Mexico unanimously finds the same-sex marriage ban in the state ofOaxaca unconstitutional, paving the way for same-sex marriages nationally.[201] Same-sex marriage was already legal inQuintana Roo andMexico City.
Piauí (15 December):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofPiauí extends marriage to same-sex couples.[202][203]
São Paulo (18 December):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofSão Paulo legalizes same-sex marriage.[204] Same-sex marriages were already offered in six other Brazilian states and in the country's Federal District. The ruling came into effect on 1 March 2013.[205]
Ceará (7 March):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofCeará rules, from 15 March on, that notaries statewide are required to perform same-sex marriages.[206]
21 March: GovernorJohn Hickenlooper from the U.S. state ofColorado signs a civil unions bill into law.[207] The bill was previously approved by the House of Representatives on 12 March in a 39–26 vote[208] and by the Senate in a 21–14 vote on 11 February.[209] It came into effect on 1 May.
22 March: TheBundesrat of Germany passes a state-level initiative which will open marriage to same-sex couples. The bill will advance in theBundestag where an identical bill was rejected in 2012. The legislation was proposed by 5 states of Germany.[210]
Paraná (3 April):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian State ofParaná extends marriage to same-sex couples.[212]
Uruguay (10 April):The Chamber of Deputies ofUruguay legalizes same-sex marriage with 71 affirmative votes (out of 92) in its second reading,[213] making Uruguay the second country in Latin America, afterArgentina, and twelfth overall, to legalize same-sex marriage. The law was previously passed by the Senate on 2 April by a 23–8 vote.[214] The bill was signed into law on 3 May 2013.[215] It came into force on 5 August 2013.[216]
14 April: The Constitutional Convention ofIreland, which was charged with making recommendations to the Irish Government in respect of changes to the country's Constitution, votes overwhelmingly (79%) in favour of amending the Constitution to allow for same-sex marriage.[217] The Irish Government will respond to the decision within 4 months. An Tanaiste, Eamon Gilmore, the Deputy Prime Minister of Ireland, states in July that a referendum to introduce same-sex marriage in Ireland may take place in 2014.
New Zealand (17 April):The Parliament ofNew Zealand legalizes same-sex marriage by a 77–44 vote in thebill's third reading,[218][219] making New Zealand the first country in Oceania, and thirteenth overall, to legalize same-sex marriage. The bill receivedRoyal Assent two days later.[220] It came into effect on 19 August 2013.
17 April: TheGeneral Magistrate of Justice of theBrazilian state ofRio de Janeiro, Valmir de Oliveira Silva, authorizes local judges to perform same-sex marriages if they agree to do so.[221] The ruling states that couples must register their request in the civil registry and then wait 15 days for the district to decide whether to perform it or not.[222]
Rondônia (26 April):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofRondônia publishes a Provision (008/2013-CG) which extends marriage to same-sex couples and the conversion of stable unions into marriages throughout the State.[223]
Rhode Island (2 May): GovernorLincoln Chafee from the U.S. state ofRhode Island signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was passed shortly before with a final 56–15 vote in the House of Representatives[227] and on 24 April by the state Senate in a 26–12 vote.[228] It came into effect on 1 August 2013.
Delaware (7 May):GovernorJack Markell from the U.S. state ofDelaware signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was passed shortly before by the state Senate by a 12–9 vote[229] and on 23 April by the House of Representatives by a 23–18 vote.[230] It took effect on 1 July 2013.
Brazil (14 May):The Justice's National Council ofBrazil legalizes same-sex marriage in the entire country by a 14–1 vote, making Brazil the third country in South America, afterArgentina andUruguay, and fifteenth in the world to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide. The same-sex marriage was already legal in 12 states and the Federal District. The Council's ruling orders allcivil register of the country to grant same-sex marriages.[231][232] The ruling was published on 15 May and took effect on 16 May 2013.[233][234]
Minnesota (14 May):GovernorMark Dayton from the U.S. state ofMinnesota signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[235] The bill was passed a day before by the state Senate by a 37–30 vote and on 9 May by the House of Representatives by a 75–59 vote. It came into effect on 1 August 2013.
France (18 May):PresidentFrançois Hollande ofFrance signs a same-sex marriagebill into law,[236] making France the fourteenth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage. Thebill was introduced to the National Assembly by the government on 14 November 2012, who approved it by a 329–229 vote on 12 February 2013.[237] The Bill was then sent to the Senate who approved it with amendments by a 179–157 vote on 12 April.[238] As parts of it were changed, the Bill was thus sent back to the lower house on 17 April for a final scrutiny and passed on 23 April by a 331–225 vote.[239] The law was validated by theConstitutional Council of France on 17 May.François Hollande, President of France, signed it into law on 18 May.[236][240] It took effect on 19 May 2013, making France the thirteenth country to effectively implement same-sex marriage.[236]
20 June: Deadline given by theColombian Constitutional Court for Parliament to legislate on same-sex unions ends. Notaries across the country begin performing "marital contracts" for same-sex couples, however, LGBT activists advice people not to engage in those contracts as they did not exist in the country's laws. In the following days, several couples make petitions to civil judges to have their relationships recognized through marriage.[241][242]
17 July:QueenElizabeth II gives Royal Assent to theMarriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill, legalizing same-sex marriage inEngland and Wales. This occurs after the House of Lords passed the bill in a third and final reading two days before, and the amended version was approved by the House of Commons the following day.[245][246]
24 July:Colombia's first same-sex marriage takes place inBogotá after a local judge accepted the marriage petition of a male couple.[247]
30 July: The Mexican state of Colima allows same-sex civil unions.[248]
5 November: The Government of Ireland announces a same-sex marriage referendum to take place before the summer of 2015.
Hawaii (13 November):GovernorNeil Abercrombie from the U.S. state ofHawaii signs a bill granting marriage to same-sex couples, making Hawaii the fifteenth such US state. The legislation was approved by the state Senate by a 19–4 vote on 12 November and previously by the House by a 30–19 vote on 8 November. This legislation started to be debated on 28 October 2013.[256]
Illinois (20 November):GovernorPat Quinn from the US state ofIllinois signs a bill granting marriage to same-sex couples. The legislation was previously approved by the House by a 61–54 vote on 5 November and by the Senate by a 34–21 vote on 14 February.[257][258][259]
20 November: TheScottish Parliament passes the Marriage and Civil Partnership Bill through the first Stage by a 98–15 vote.[260] The bill was previously approved by the Equal Opportunities Committee.[261]
1 December:Croatia passes a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage and defining marriage as strictly a union between a man and woman. The amendment was passed via a referendum with 65% of voters voting for it.[262]
12 December: TheHigh Court of Australia decides unanimously that a legislative act granting marriage to same-sex couples in theAustralian Capital Territory (ACT) "cannot operate concurrently with the federal Marriage Act 1961." The court said that such marriages have no effect under the act and that it is matter of the federal Parliament to amend the federal marriage law.[263] The ACT passed legislation granting marriage to same-sex couples in a 9–8 party-line vote on 22 October.[264] The first marriages were solemnized on 7 December but have beenannulled as unconstitutional.[265]
New Mexico (19 December):The Supreme Court of the U.S. state ofNew Mexico ordered state officials to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples in the caseGriego v. Oliver.[266]
Scotland (4 February):TheScottish Parliament approved the Marriage and Civil Partnership Bill through the third Stage by a 105–18 vote.[267] On 20 November 2013, the Parliament passed the bill through the first stage by a 98–15 vote[260] and then ended the second stage on 16 January. The bill received royal assent on 12 March.
21 February: TheU.S. District Court forIllinois found the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional in the caseLee and others v. Orr and ordered thatCook County's officials must issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples. Other counties followed several days later.[268] Illinois had already signed into law a legislation granting marriage to same-sex couples on 20 November 2013 which took effect on 1 June 2014[269]
England andWales (13 March):Legislation to allow same-sex marriage inEngland and Wales came into force, with the first same-sex marriages taking place on 29 March 2014.[271]
21 March: The Parliament ofGibraltar approved the Civil Partnership bill 2014 through the third reading in a 16–0 vote.'[272]
9 April: The Italian Civil Court ofGrosseto ordered the recognition of a same-sex marriage contracted abroad.[274]
14 April: The Parliament ofMalta approved the Civil Unions bill 2014 through the third reading in a 37–0.[275]
23 April: TheSupreme Court of Mexico unanimously found the same-sex marriage ban in the southern state of Oaxaca unconstitutional. As a final decision the Court set a precedent in theState of Oaxaca.[276] The Court ordered the state officials to comply with the ruling.[277]
9 May: The Circuit Court of Pulaski County of the U.S. state ofArkansas found the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional in the caseWright v. Arkansas. After approximately 450 same-sex couples received marriage licenses in severalArkansas counties, theArkansas Supreme Court suspended Judge Piazza's ruling after a week on 16 May 2014 and enforced a stay while the decision is appealed by Arkansas'Democratic Attorney GeneralDustin McDaniel.[278]
13 May: The U.S. District Court ofIdaho struck down the marriage laws prohibiting same-sex couples from marrying in the caseLatta v. Otter. Same-sex marriage in Idaho would have become legal on 16 May 2014 at 9:00 am. MDT but the ruling was eventually stayed by an appeals court.[279][280]
Pennsylvania (20 May):The U.S. District Court ofPennsylvania found the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional in the caseWhitewood v. Wolf, legalizing same-sex marriage inPennsylvania.
1 June: Legislation granting the right to marry took effect in Illinois.[269]
Luxembourg (18 June):TheChamber of Deputies ofLuxembourg approved legislation that grants same-sex couples the right to marry in 56–4 vote and the law takes effect 1 January 2015.[281] On 24 June theCouncil of State gave its consent to skip a second vote on the measure.[282] The bill was promulgated byGrand DukeHenri on 4 July and was published in the official gazette on 17 July. It came into effect on 1 January 2015.
19 June: In Vietnam, a law is approved that will abolish the ban on same-sex marriage although same-sex marriages will not be recognized. The revised law, which was approved by the National Assembly (NA) on 19 June 2014, will come into effect on 1 January 2015.
25 June: TheUnited States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit found theUtah ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional in the caseKitchen v. Herbert but stayed pending appeal. The decision was delivered by a three-judge panel with a 2–1 split vote in favor of upholding a lower court opinion decided on 20 December 2013.[283]
10 July: The District Court of theBoulder County, Colorado, ruled in favor for the county official who defied the state ban on same-sex marriage when the 10th Circuit issued and stayed the opinion in the caseKitchen v. Herbert. Denver and Pueblo county announced that they will issue marriage licenses for same-sex couples too.
23 July: The U.S. District Court ofColorado struck down the state ban on same-sex marriage in the caseBurns v. Hickenlooper. The Tenth Circuit stayed the ruling on 21 August.[286]
Coahuila (1 September):The Congress of the Mexican state ofCoahuila approved the legislation that grants the right to marry to same-sex couples in a 19–1 vote.[292]
Norfolk Island (7 October):Norfolk Island introduces bill to legalise same-sex marriage. The bill was passed in December[295]
United States (7 October):The Supreme Court of the U.S. state of Colorado dismissed the caseBrinkman v. Long and vacated the stay, thus legalizing same-sex marriage throughout the state.[296] Thecase was decided on 9 July by the District Court of theAdams County, Colorado, which ruled unconstitutional the state ban on same-sex marriage
7 October: TheUnited States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit struck down same-sex marriage bans in Idaho and Nevada.[297] This is expected to rapidly nullify bans in other jurisdictions covered by the Ninth Circuit: Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands.[298]
Nevada (8 October): United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy issued an order staying the implementation of same-sex marriage in Nevada and Idaho.[299] Later that day, Kennedy stated that his order of 8 October was erroneous in mentioning Nevada and revised it to apply only to Idaho.[300]Same-sex marriages begin in Nevada.[301]
9 October: The Parliament of Estonia approved the Civil Partnerships Bill 2014 through the third reading in 40–38 vote. It was signed by President Toomas Hendrik Ilves the same day and will take effect on 1 January 2016.[302] It came into effect on 1 January 2016.[303]
West Virginia (9 October): The Attorney General of West Virginia announced that in light of the Supreme Court declining to review the Fourth Circuit ruling, he considerssame-sex marriage legal in West Virginia, and he will stop defending the state's law banning same-sex marriage.[304] The Governor of West Virginia issued a similar statement and ordered all state agencies to comply. Marriage licenses were issued immediately.[305]
10 October: The Supreme Court lifts Kennedy's order of 8 October and denies Idaho's request for a further stay.[307][308] The Idaho case returns to the Ninth Circuit for Monday hearings.[309]
Alaska (12 October): District Court Judge Timothy Burgess strikes down the ban on same-sex marriage in Alaska, with immediate effect, makingsame-sex marriage legal in Alaska.[310]
Arizona (17 October): U.S. District JudgeJohn Sedwick rulesArizona's ban on same-sex marriage to be unconstitutional, makingsame-sex marriage legal in Arizona.[312]
Wyoming (17 October): U.S. District JudgeScott Skavdahl rulesWyoming's ban on same-sex marriage to be unconstitutional.[313] On 21 October, Wyoming notified the court that they will not appeal, andsame-sex marriages start in Wyoming.[314]
4 November:U.S. District JudgeDaniel D. Crabtree rules inMarie v. Moser thatKansas's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional. His decision takes effect on 12 November when the state defendants exhaust their options for obtaining a stay pending appeal.[315]
7 November: U.S. District JudgeOrtrie Smith rules inLawson v. Kelly thatMissouri's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional, staying his order pending appeal.[316]
South Carolina (12 November): U.S. District JudgeRichard Gergel rules inCondon v. Haley thatSouth Carolina's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional. His decision takes effect on 20 November, andsame-sex marriages begin in South Carolina.[317]
Montana (19 November): U.S. District JudgeBrian Morris rules inRolando v. Fox thatMontana's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional,making same-sex marriage legal in Montana.
25 November: Two U.S. district courts struck down state bans on same-sex marriage in Arkansas inJernigan v. Crane and in Mississippi inCampaign for Southern Equality v. Bryant.
Finland (28 November):The Parliament of Finland votes to legalize same-sex marriage by a vote of 105–92. Secondary legislation would be required before this law came into effect. The first same-sex marriages took place on 1 March 2017.
16 December: The Irish Government decides to hold theMarriage Equality referendum in May 2015. The referendum, which is expected to be held on 22 May, proposes to add to the Irish Constitution a declaration that "marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex". Ireland introduced civil partnership in 2011.
23 December: The Parliament of Taiwan (The Republic of China) considered legislation to legalize same-sex marriage. Opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) lawmaker Cheng Li-chiun proposed a bill with gender-neutral wording.
20 January: TheChamber of Deputies of Chile approves legislation to create thecivil union pact (pacto de unión civil orPUC), that was already approved by theSenate.
Alabama (23 January):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inAlabama.
Finland (20 February):PresidentSauli Niinistö ofFinland signs a same-sex marriage bill into law, making Finland the last of theNordic countries to legalize same-sex marriage. The bill was approved byParliament in November 2014 and it took effect in March 2017.[319]
4 March: Theparliament of Slovenia approves asame-sex marriage bill by a vote of 51–28. However, the National Assembly then organized a referendum that took place on 20 December.
Ireland (22 May):TheRepublic of Ireland is the first country in the world to approve same-sex marriage and its constitutional protection by a popular vote in areferendum. There was a yes vote of 62% to a no vote of 38%.[320]
Greenland (26 May):Greenland's parliament, by a vote of 27–0, unanimously approves same-sex marriage. The law entered into force on 1 April 2016.
3 June:Mexico's Supreme Court rules that state laws banning same-sex marriage are discriminatory.
5 June: A federal judge strikes down a law in the U.S. territory ofGuam that defined marriage as between couples of the opposite sex, thereby allowing same sex marriage to commence.
Ireland (29 August):ThePresident of Ireland formally signs same-sex marriage protection into theIrish Constitution, the first country to do so, following the successful Marriage Equality referendum on 22 May 2015.
22 September: TheStates of Jersey,Channel Islands, agrees, in principle, on a vote of 37 to 4 with 1 abstention that same-sex couples should be allowed to marry. Legislation to bring the law into effect is scheduled to be introduced by January 2017.[322]
26 November: The Civil Partnership Bill was passed by theCyprus House, Interior Ministry has announced. The bill passed with 39 votes for, 12 against, while three MPs abstained.[323][324]
10 December: TheStates of Guernsey, Channel Islands, agrees in a vote of 37 to 7 to introduce same sex marriage.[325]
Nayarit (17 December):A bill to legalize same-sex marriage in the Mexican state ofNayarit is approved by the state congress, in a 26–1 vote, with 1 abstention.[326]
25 February: TheItalian Senate approves a Civil Union bill in a 173–71 vote. The bill would then face a vote in the Chamber of Deputies.[329]
4 March: Ecuadorian province ofAzuay unanimously approves an ordinance which creates a marriage register for same-sex couples. As marriage is regulated by the Ecuadorian state, the ordinance of Azuay only represents a symbolic recognition.[330]
Gibraltar (15 December):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the British Overseas Territory ofGibraltar. It was passed by Parliament on 26 October and received royal assent on 1 November.[343]
Malta (1 September):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inMalta. A bill for legalization passedParliament on 12 July and was signed by thePresident on 1 August.
Germany (1 October):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inGermany.
Baja California (3 November):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofBaja California by government decree.
15 November: Same-sex marriage is approved bya non-binding postal plebiscite in Australia, with 61.6% of the population voting yes. When an amendment to the Marriage Act 1961 was passed by parliament (on 29 November), Australia legalised same-sex marriage.[350]
29 November: The AustralianSenate approves a same-sex marriage bill by 43 votes to 12.[351][352]
7 December: The AustralianHouse of Representatives passes a vote in favor of same-sex marriage upon third reading, with 136 voting in favor, four voting against and eight abstaining.[354]
14 December: Senators inBermuda vote to ban any further same-sex marriage and institute domestic partnerships for same-sex couples, months after its Supreme Court legalized it.[355]
19 December: Legislative Council ofSt Helena votes to legalise same-sex marriage.[356]
9 January: After a motion presented byCosta Rica requesting clarifications on the rights of same-sex couples, theInter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that all signatory parties of thePact of San José were required to provide the same rights to same-sex couples, including marriage, possibly legalizing same-sex marriage in most of the Americas. The governments of Costa Rica and Panama announced that they would comply.[358][359]
Bermuda (1 June):Same-sex marriage is no longer legal in Bermuda.
19 June: The Supreme Court of thePhilippines begins hearing a case to legalise same-sex marriage.[364]
29 June: Two family judges inEcuador rule that same-sex couples have a right to marry.[365] However, the decision was overturned by The Labor Chamber of the Provincial Court of Justice of Ecuador on 10 September, which ruled that the legalisation of same-sex marriage was a decision for the National Assembly or the Constitutional Court.[366]
Oaxaca (28 August):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofOaxaca. In a 25–10 vote, theCongress of Oaxaca repealed the state's ban onsame-sex marriage, allowing such unions to take place immediately.[393]
21 October: Since the Northern Ireland Assembly had not reconvened by this date, same-sex marriage will become legal in Northern Ireland on 13 January 2020.[394]
29 October: TheNational Assembly of Panama passes a constitutional amendment proposal to ban same-sex marriage, which would have to be approved by popular referendum.[395]
1 July:Parliament ofMontenegro legalizescivil partnerships for same-sex couples in a 42–5 vote and 34 abstentions. The act was subsequently signed by the incumbent president Milo Djukanovic.[403][404] The law came into effect on 15 July 2021.[405]
1 December: The Swiss Council of States votes to legalise same-sex marriage.[406] The bill was previously approved by the Swiss National Council on 11 June.[407]
16 June: A constitutional amendment to repeal the unenforced ban againstsame-sex marriage in Baja California is approved with 18 legislators in favor, 4 opposed and 1 abstention.[410] It came into effect on 9 August 2021.[411]
25 August: TheCongress of Yucatán amends the state's Constitution to legalizesame-sex marriage by 20 votes to 5.[412] The Congress was given an additional 180 day period to change laws to reflect the constitutional change.[citation needed]
20 December:Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofGuanajuato by government decree.[423] The government decision allows such unions to take place immediately.[424]
Yucatán (1 March): TheCongress of Yucatán unanimously passes a bill amending all legislation to allow same-sex marriage, following the Constitutional change on 25 August 2021.[425][426][427][428] The law came into effect on 4 March 2022.[429]
Chile (10 March):Same-sex marriage comes into effect inChile.
14 March: Judicial Committee of the Privy Council rules against same-sex marriage in Bermuda and theCayman Islands.Same-sex marriage is no longer legal inBermuda.[430]
6 April: TheCongress of Jalisco passes a bill to codify equal marriage into law, bringing the state Civil Code into conformity with the 2016 Supreme Court ruling.[431]
15 June: TheNational Assembly of Thailand gives first approval to four different bills allowing either civil partnerships or full same-sex marriages.[433]
Slovenia (9 July):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inSlovenia, a day after theConstitutional Court published its June ruling that thestatutory definition of marriage as a living community of a husband and a wife is unconstitutional.[434][435][436]
21 July: The General Council ofAndorra approves a new family code. The articles regarding same-sex marriage were voted with 18 votes in favour, 6 votes against and 1 abstention. The law will enter into force 6 months after receiving the signature of eitherco-prince.[437]
22 July: The National Assembly ofCuba approves changes to The Family Code that legalize same-sex marriage. The Code is subject tothe national referendum on 25 September 2022.[438]
17 August: The new Family Code of Andorra is signed byCo-PrinceEmmanuel Macron into law. The law will come into effect six months later (17 February 2023). It includes legalization of same-sex marriage.[439]
Durango (18 September):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state of Durango, via decree by Governor, signed 16 September.[440][441]
Cuba (25 September):Cuba approves a new Family Code including same-sex marriage in areferendum.[442] It was signed into law by President Diaz-Canel the next day and came into effect on 27 September, when it was published on the Official Gazette.[443]
State of Mexico (11 October):The Congress of the State of Mexico approves a law allowing same-sex marriage and concubinage in a 50–16 vote, with 7 abstentions.[444] The law came into force on 2 November 2022, a day after being published in the state's official newspaper.[445]
18 October: The Parliament of Slovenia passes a law codifying the Constitutional Court's decision to legalize same-sex marriage and adoption in a 51–24 vote.[446]
Tabasco (19 October):The Congress of Tabasco passes a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in a 23–5 vote, coming into force on 27 October, a day after its publishing in the state's official newspaper.[447][448]
Guerrero (25 October):The Congress of Guerrero passes a bill legalizing same-sex marriage and concubinage in a 38–6 vote.[449] It took effect on 31 December 2022, one day after it was published in the official newspaper.
Tamaulipas (26 October):The Congress of Tamaulipas passes a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in a 23–12 vote.[450] The bill takes effect one day after its publication in the official state journal on 18 November.[451]
1 November:Tokyo Metropolis becomes the tenth and most populous prefecture inJapan to establish a domestic partnership registry to recognize same-sex couples with limited rights.[452] In addition, the prefectural government recognizes existing registries established previously in Tokyo's wards and cities and recognizes children of registered partners (without extending joint adoption which is prohibited by national law).[453]
2 November: Parliament ofLiechtenstein passes a motion calling on government to introduce a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in a 23–2 vote.[454][455][456]
29 November: Parliament of Singapore votes to amend the constitution, giving Parliament the sole right to define marriage, in an 83–2 vote.[457]
13 December: United States PresidentJoe Biden signs the Respect for Marriage Act, which repeals the 1996Defense of Marriage Act, affirmsLoving v. Virginia, and mandates that the federal government and all states recognize marriages which are legally performed in other jurisdictions of the United States, including same-sex and interracial marriages.[460]
31 December:Legality in all of Mexico. Effective statewide in Guerrero, the final jurisdiction in Mexico. Access is not equal in all states, and same-sex marriage does not count as "marriage" in all states when it comes to adoption, but it is available across the country.[citation needed]
19 January:Taiwan legalizes binational same-sex marriages between Taiwanese citizens and citizens of countries where same-sex marriage is not legal. In practice, this excludes citizens of most of thePeople's Republic of China (save for residents ofHong Kong andMacau), because cross-straits marriages must first be registered in China.[461]
31 January:Slovenia's law implementing same sex marriage after the 9 July Constitutional Court judgment becomes effective.
14 February:Bangkok'sDusit district becomes the first jurisdiction inThailand to issue partnership certificates, which are legally non-binding.[462]
Andorra (17 February):Same-sex marriage comes into force in Andorra.[463]
16 May: The Supreme Court ofNamibia orders the government to recognize same-sex marriages conducted in other countries.[465]
6 June: The congress of the Mexican state ofBaja California Sur passes a bill recognizing same-sex couples in concubinage.[466]
14 June: The congress of the Mexican state ofNuevo Leon passes a bill codifying same-sex marriage into law in a 23–10 vote. It had been legal in the state since a 2019 Supreme Court ruling.[467]
20 June: The Parliament of Estonia votes 55–34 to legalize same-sex marriage, joint adoption, and pass implementing legislation for the cohabitation law.[468] The law takes effect 1 January 2024.
28 June: A single judge bench of theNepal Supreme Court orders the government to establish a separate register forsexual minorities and non-traditional couples and to temporarily register them.[469] The first same-sex marriage was registered on 29 November.[470] However, registration is temporary and does not confer any of the rights of marriage.
22 July: A high court in Peru rules that same-sex couples are entitled to have their marriages legally registered on public records.[471]
13 December: TheCabinet of Thailand approves a bill enabling same-sex marriages, which was overwhelmingly passed by Parliament on 21 December.[472][473]
Greece (16 February):Same-sex marriage bill in Greece passed as the majority of the Parliament voted in favor.[475]
8 March: Liechtenstein approves a same-sex marriage bill on its first reading.[476][477][478][479]
14 March:Sapporo High Court declares Japan's exclusively heterosexual definition of marriage to be unconstitutional.[480]
27 March:Thailand's lower house passes bill to legalize same-sex marriage.[481]
16 May: Liechtenstein's parliament votes to legalize same-sex marriage, with 24 out of 25 MPs supporting it. The law will come into effect on 1 January 2025.[482]
18 June: Thailand's senate gives final approval to the Marriage Equality Act to legalize same-sex marriage and adoption.[483] The law will come into effect 120 days after it receives royal assent and is officially published into law.
19 June: Aruba's parliament rejected a same-sex marriage bill on a 10–10 vote with one abstention.[484]
Aruba andCuraçao (12 July):The Supreme Court of The Netherlands rules that same-sex marriage is legal inAruba and Curaçao. The ruling has immediate effect.[485]
24 September: The King ofThailand signed theMarriage Equality Act into law. Same-sex marriage in Thailand will be officially performed on 23 January 2025.[486]
30 October: Tokyo High Court rules that Japan's same-sex marriage ban is unconstitutional.[487]
^Hinsch, Bret. (1990).Passions of the Cut Sleeve. University of California Press. pp. 35–36.
^Nero missed her so greatly after her death that on learning of a woman who resembled her he at first sent for her and kept her; but later he caused a boy of the freedmen, whom he used to call Sporus,..."he formally "married" Sporus, and assigned the boy a regular dowry according to contract;" q.v., SuetoniusNero 28; Dio Cassius Epitome 62.28Old Translation of passage at:http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/62*.html
^George Bryan Souza. The Boxer Codex: Transcription and Translation of an Illustrated Late Sixteenth-Century Spanish Manuscript Concerning the Geography, History and ... (European Expansion and Indigenous Response) Annotated Edition. Brill; Annotated edition (20 November 2015)
^Aldumairy, Abd El-Aziz El-Rahman (2005).Siwa Past and Present. Alexandria: Yasso.
^Steindorff, George (1904).Durch die Libysche Wuste Zur Amonoase. Leipsig: Velohgen and Klasing. p. 111.
^Rydström, J. (2011). The road to registered partnership. In Odd Couples: A History of Gay Marriage in Scandinavia (pp. 39). Amsterdam University Press.http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wp6dm.5
Chapter 517.01:Marriage a civil contract. "Marriage, so far as its validity in law is concerned, is a civil contract, to which the consent of the parties, capable in law of contracting, is essential."
Chapter 517.03:Marriages prohibited. [The list does not include parties of the same gender.]
^William N. Eskridg Jr. and Christopher R. Riano, "Marriage Equality: From Outlaws to In-Laws",Yale University Press (2020), Chapter 24.
^The U.S. Supreme Court was required to accept an appeal of the court's "opinion" as a matter of right, a practice that theSupreme Court Case Selections Act ended in 1988.
^Sources: Michael McConnell Files, "America's First Gay Marriage" (binder #3), Tretter Collection in GLBT Studies,U of M Libraries.
October Term, 1972: "Appellee's Motion to Dismiss Appeal and Brief" by George M. Scott, County Attorney
page 7: "Questions Raised by This Appeal AreMoot".
^Making civil unions legal in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina"Buenos Aires Herald". Archived fromthe original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved13 February 2020.
^Sobreira, Soraya (1 December 2012)."Para a lei, já não há mais diferença" [For the law, there is no difference anymore].Journal de Brasilia (in Portuguese). Archived fromthe original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved15 January 2013.
^"provimento N° 24/2012 – CGJ/PI"(PDF).Piauí, Diário da Justiça (in Portuguese). 17 December 2012. p. 2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved15 January 2013.
^"Época 7A., Suplemento K, Edición: 8362" (in Spanish). Periódico Oficial, Órgano de Difusión Oficial del Gobierno Constitucional del Estado Libre y Soberano de Tabasco.
LGBTQ portal
LGBTQ portal
Netherlands
Belgium
Canada
United States*
Spain
South Africa
Norway
Sweden
Mexico
Portugal
Iceland
Argentina
Brazil
Denmark
France
Uruguay
New Zealand*
United Kingdom*
Luxembourg
Ireland
Colombia
Finland
Malta
Germany
Australia
Austria
Taiwan
Ecuador
Costa Rica
Chile
Switzerland
Slovenia
Cuba
Andorra
Estonia
Greece*
Liechtenstein
Thailand
.jpg)
Ontario (10 June):A court of appeals inCanada legalizes same-sex marriage in the province, ruling that restricting marriage to heterosexual couples contravened the equality provisions in theCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[73] This makes Ontario thesecond jurisdiction inthe Americas to legalize same-sex marriages.
California (15 May):TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofCalifornia legalizes same-sex marriage in the landmarkIn re Marriage Cases ruling. The ruling took effect on 16 June.
Connecticut (10 October):TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofConnecticut legalizes same-sex marriage in the landmarkKerrigan and Mock v. Connecticut Department of Public Health ruling.[100] Same-sex weddings started on 12 November.
Iowa (3 April):TheSupreme Court of the U.S. state ofIowa unanimously votes to legalize same-sex marriage in the landmarkVarnum v. Brien ruling.[104] Same-sex weddings started on 27 April.
Vermont (7 April):The U.S. state ofVermont legalizes same-sex marriage after a 23–5 vote in the State Senate and a 100–49 vote in the House of Representatives, overriding GovernorJim Douglas, who had vetoed the law a day earlier, thus making Vermont the first U.S. state to legalize same-sex marriage through statute, rather than court decisions.[105] The bill came into effect on 1 September.
New Hampshire (3 June):GovernorJohn Lynch from the U.S. State ofNew Hampshire signs a bill legalizing same-sex marriage into law after being approved 14–10 by the State Senate and 198–176 by the House of Representatives.[114] The law took effect on 1 January 2010.
District of Columbia (18 December):District of Columbia MayorAdrian Fenty signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[116] The bill was previously approved by the D.C. Council on 15 December.[117] It came into effect on 3 March 2010.[118]
Mexico City (29 December):Mexico City's Head of GovernmentMarcelo Ebrard signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[123] The bill was previously approved on 21 December by the Legislative Assembly in a 39–20 vote. It took effect on 3 March 2010.[124]Civil unions in Mexico City had been available since 2007, but full marriage was not yet recognized.[125]
New York (24 June):GovernorAndrew Cuomo from the US state ofNew York signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was previously approved two hours early 33–29 by the state Senate and 80–63 by the state Assembly on 15 June.[162] It came into effect on 24 July.[163]
Alagoas (7 December):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofAlagoas extends marriage to same-sex couples.[176][177]
Washington (13 February):GovernorChristine Gregoire from the US state ofWashington signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was priorly approved 55–43 by the state House on 8 February[178] and 28–21 by the state Senate on 1 February.[179] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on 6 November.
Maryland (1 March):GovernorMartin O'Malley from the US state ofMaryland signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[180] The bill was previously approved by theSenate, 25–22, on 23 February[181] and by theHouse, 72–67, on 17 February.[182] However, opponents organized a referendum that took place on 6 November.
Sergipe (5 July):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofSergipe issues "Provimento nº 06/2012", extending marriage to same-sex couples.[188]
Espírito Santo (15 August):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofEspírito Santo extends marriage to same-sex couples.[189]
Bahia (10 October):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofBahia extends marriage to same-sex couples. The ruling came into effect on 26 November.[190][191]
Federal District (Brazil) (1 December):The Court of Justice of the BrazilianFederal District extends marriage to same-sex couples.[200]
Piauí (15 December):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofPiauí extends marriage to same-sex couples.[202][203]
São Paulo (18 December):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofSão Paulo legalizes same-sex marriage.[204] Same-sex marriages were already offered in six other Brazilian states and in the country's Federal District. The ruling came into effect on 1 March 2013.[205]
Ceará (7 March):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofCeará rules, from 15 March on, that notaries statewide are required to perform same-sex marriages.[206]
Mato Grosso do Sul (2 April):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian State ofMato Grosso do Sul extends marriage to same-sex couples.[211]
Paraná (3 April):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian State ofParaná extends marriage to same-sex couples.[212]
Rondônia (26 April):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian state ofRondônia publishes a Provision (008/2013-CG) which extends marriage to same-sex couples and the conversion of stable unions into marriages throughout the State.[223]
Santa Catarina and
Paraíba (29 April):The Court of Justice of the Brazilian states of bothSanta Catarina andParaíba extend marriage to same-sex couples.[224][225][226]
Rhode Island (2 May): GovernorLincoln Chafee from the U.S. state ofRhode Island signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was passed shortly before with a final 56–15 vote in the House of Representatives[227] and on 24 April by the state Senate in a 26–12 vote.[228] It came into effect on 1 August 2013.
Delaware (7 May):GovernorJack Markell from the U.S. state ofDelaware signs a same-sex marriage bill into law. The bill was passed shortly before by the state Senate by a 12–9 vote[229] and on 23 April by the House of Representatives by a 23–18 vote.[230] It took effect on 1 July 2013.
Minnesota (14 May):GovernorMark Dayton from the U.S. state ofMinnesota signs a same-sex marriage bill into law.[235] The bill was passed a day before by the state Senate by a 37–30 vote and on 9 May by the House of Representatives by a 75–59 vote. It came into effect on 1 August 2013.
New Mexico (21 August – 4 September):Same-sex marriages begin in severalNew Mexico counties after a series of judicial and county clerk decisions. Counties include:Doña Ana,[249]Santa Fe,[250][251]Bernalillo,[252]San Miguel,Valencia,Taos,Grant,[253] andLos Alamos[254] counties.
New Jersey (21 October):State officials of the U.S. state ofNew Jersey begin performing same-sex marriages.[255] Officials were able to perform such marriages after theSupreme Court of New Jersey upheld a denial of a motion for a stay issued by a lower court in the caseGarden Estate Equality v Dow.
Hawaii (13 November):GovernorNeil Abercrombie from the U.S. state ofHawaii signs a bill granting marriage to same-sex couples, making Hawaii the fifteenth such US state. The legislation was approved by the state Senate by a 19–4 vote on 12 November and previously by the House by a 30–19 vote on 8 November. This legislation started to be debated on 28 October 2013.[256]
Illinois (20 November):GovernorPat Quinn from the US state ofIllinois signs a bill granting marriage to same-sex couples. The legislation was previously approved by the House by a 61–54 vote on 5 November and by the Senate by a 34–21 vote on 14 February.[257][258][259]
Scotland (4 February):TheScottish Parliament approved the Marriage and Civil Partnership Bill through the third Stage by a 105–18 vote.[267] On 20 November 2013, the Parliament passed the bill through the first stage by a 98–15 vote[260] and then ended the second stage on 16 January. The bill received royal assent on 12 March.
England and
Wales (13 March):Legislation to allow same-sex marriage inEngland and Wales came into force, with the first same-sex marriages taking place on 29 March 2014.[271]
Oregon (19 May):TheU.S. District Court ofOregon found the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional in the caseGeiger v. Kitzhaber, legalizing same-sex marriage inOregon.
Pennsylvania (20 May):The U.S. District Court ofPennsylvania found the state's ban on same-sex marriage unconstitutional in the caseWhitewood v. Wolf, legalizing same-sex marriage inPennsylvania.
Coahuila (1 September):The Congress of the Mexican state ofCoahuila approved the legislation that grants the right to marry to same-sex couples in a 19–1 vote.[292]
Norfolk Island (7 October):Norfolk Island introduces bill to legalise same-sex marriage. The bill was passed in December[295]
Nevada (8 October): United States Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy issued an order staying the implementation of same-sex marriage in Nevada and Idaho.[299] Later that day, Kennedy stated that his order of 8 October was erroneous in mentioning Nevada and revised it to apply only to Idaho.[300]Same-sex marriages begin in Nevada.[301]
West Virginia (9 October): The Attorney General of West Virginia announced that in light of the Supreme Court declining to review the Fourth Circuit ruling, he considerssame-sex marriage legal in West Virginia, and he will stop defending the state's law banning same-sex marriage.[304] The Governor of West Virginia issued a similar statement and ordered all state agencies to comply. Marriage licenses were issued immediately.[305]
North Carolina (10 October): U.S. District Judge Max Cogburn, ruling inGeneral Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Cooper, struck down North Carolina's ban, citing theFourth Circuit Court of Appeals inBostic v. Schaefer.Marriages in North Carolina began that day.[306]
Alaska (12 October): District Court Judge Timothy Burgess strikes down the ban on same-sex marriage in Alaska, with immediate effect, makingsame-sex marriage legal in Alaska.[310]
Idaho (15 October):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inIdaho with the lifting of the stay inLatta v. Otter.[311]
Arizona (17 October): U.S. District JudgeJohn Sedwick rulesArizona's ban on same-sex marriage to be unconstitutional, makingsame-sex marriage legal in Arizona.[312]
Wyoming (17 October): U.S. District JudgeScott Skavdahl rulesWyoming's ban on same-sex marriage to be unconstitutional.[313] On 21 October, Wyoming notified the court that they will not appeal, andsame-sex marriages start in Wyoming.[314]
South Carolina (12 November): U.S. District JudgeRichard Gergel rules inCondon v. Haley thatSouth Carolina's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional. His decision takes effect on 20 November, andsame-sex marriages begin in South Carolina.[317]
Montana (19 November): U.S. District JudgeBrian Morris rules inRolando v. Fox thatMontana's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional,making same-sex marriage legal in Montana.
Florida (6 January):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inFlorida.[318]
Alabama (23 January):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inAlabama.
Pitcairn Islands (14 May):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inPitcairn Islands.
Greenland (26 May):Greenland's parliament, by a vote of 27–0, unanimously approves same-sex marriage. The law entered into force on 1 April 2016.
Chihuahua (12 June):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inChihuahua.
Puerto Rico (15 July):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inPuerto Rico as a result of aSupreme Court ruling.
Nayarit (17 December):A bill to legalize same-sex marriage in the Mexican state ofNayarit is approved by the state congress, in a 26–1 vote, with 1 abstention.[326]
Jalisco (12 May):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofJalisco.[336]
Campeche (20 May):Same sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofCampeche, following a 34–1 vote.[337]
Colima (12 June):Same sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofColima, following a 24–0 vote.[338]
Michoacán (23 June):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofMichoacán, following a 27–0 vote.[339]
Morelos (5 July):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofMorelos, following a 20–6 vote.[340]
Isle of Man (22 July):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in theIsle of Man, after receivingroyal assent on 19 July.[341]
British Antarctic Territory (13 October):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in theBritish Antarctic Territory,[342]
Gibraltar (15 December):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the British Overseas Territory ofGibraltar. It was passed by Parliament on 26 October and received royal assent on 1 November.[343]
Ascension Island (1 January):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inAscension Island.
Falkland Islands (13 April):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inFalkland Islands.[344]
Guernsey (2 May):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inGuernsey.[345]
Bermuda (5 May):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inBermuda.[346]
Faroe Islands (1 July):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inFaroe Islands.
Chiapas (11 July):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofChiapas, following a decision of the Mexican Supreme Court.
Puebla (1 August):TheSupreme Court of Mexico declares same-sex marriage to be legal in the state ofPuebla.
Tristan da Cunha (4 August):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inTristan da Cunha.
Baja California (3 November):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofBaja California by government decree.
Saint Helena (20 December):Same sex marriage becomes legal inSaint Helena.[357]
Alderney (14 June):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inAlderney.[363]
Jersey (1 July):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inJersey.[367]
Nuevo León (19 February):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofNuevo León.[378][379] A ruling by theSupreme Court of Justice of the Nation (SCJN) strikes down articles 140 and 148 of the Civil Code, which bannedsame-sex marriage.
Aguascalientes (2 April):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofAguascalientes.[382]
San Luis Potosí (21 May):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofSan Luis Potosí.[383]
Hidalgo (11 June):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofHidalgo.[385]
Baja California Sur (29 June):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofBaja California Sur.[389]
Oaxaca (28 August):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state ofOaxaca. In a 25–10 vote, theCongress of Oaxaca repealed the state's ban onsame-sex marriage, allowing such unions to take place immediately.[393]
Northern Ireland (13 January):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inNorthern Ireland.[396]
Sark (23 April):Same-sex marriage becomes legal inSark.[397][398][399]
Sinaloa (15 June):TheCongress of Sinaloa unanimously legalizessame-sex marriage.[409] The law came into effect on 30 June 2021.
Yucatán (1 March): TheCongress of Yucatán unanimously passes a bill amending all legislation to allow same-sex marriage, following the Constitutional change on 25 August 2021.[425][426][427][428] The law came into effect on 4 March 2022.[429]
Veracruz (2 June):TheCongress of Veracruz passes a bill to legalize same-sex marriage, following the ruling of theSupreme Court of Justice of the Nation on 30 May 2022. The law came into effect on 13 June 2022.[432]
Durango (18 September):Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Mexican state of Durango, via decree by Governor, signed 16 September.[440][441]
State of Mexico (11 October):The Congress of the State of Mexico approves a law allowing same-sex marriage and concubinage in a 50–16 vote, with 7 abstentions.[444] The law came into force on 2 November 2022, a day after being published in the state's official newspaper.[445]
Tabasco (19 October):The Congress of Tabasco passes a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in a 23–5 vote, coming into force on 27 October, a day after its publishing in the state's official newspaper.[447][448]
Guerrero (25 October):The Congress of Guerrero passes a bill legalizing same-sex marriage and concubinage in a 38–6 vote.[449] It took effect on 31 December 2022, one day after it was published in the official newspaper.
Tamaulipas (26 October):The Congress of Tamaulipas passes a bill legalizing same-sex marriage in a 23–12 vote.[450] The bill takes effect one day after its publication in the official state journal on 18 November.[451]
Aruba and
Curaçao (12 July):The Supreme Court of The Netherlands rules that same-sex marriage is legal inAruba and Curaçao. The ruling has immediate effect.[485]
