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Timeline of Sussex history

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is atimeline ofSussex history. To read about the background to these events, seeHistory of Sussex. See also thelist of monarchs of Sussex.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

Millennia:1stBC · 1st · 2nd · 3rd

Centuries:1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th  · 21st

1st century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
c. 15Verica succeedsEppillus as king of the southernAtrebates (approximately modern Sussex and south-east Hampshire) with a capital at or close to what went on to become the RomanNoviomagus Reginorum (modernChichester)[1]
by 42Caratacus, king of the Catuvellauni tribe, conquers the southern Atrebatic kingdom and expelsVerica.[1]
c.43Romans land on Sussex coast as part of the Roman conquest of Britain, perhaps in support ofVerica. Under Roman rule theclient kingdom of theRegni orRegnenses is created from the southern Atrebatic kingdom forCogidubnus that includes much of what is to become Sussex.[2][1]
c.75Thelargest Roman residence north of the Alps is built close to what is now Chichester Harbour
c.80Kingdom ofRegni orRegnenses, becomes a Roman canton orcivitas with its capital atNoviomagus Reginorum (modern Chichester).[2]

2nd century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
121/122Astone statue, perhaps the largest in Roman Britain, is erected at what is nowChichester Harbour[3]
c.150Ptolemy'sGeography mentions several places in what was to become Sussex includingMagnus Portus,Noeomagus (Noviomagus Reginorum),Novus Portus and theFlavius Trisantona (River Arun).[4]
c.190Construction begins on a Romano-Britishvilla just north of the South Downs, close to Stane Street

3rd century

[edit]
Roman masonry in the walls ofAnderitum
YearDateEventReference
c.200-250Beachy Head Lady buried atEast Dean, the first knownperson of sub-Saharan origin in Britain.[5]
c.293-300The Romans build theSaxon Shore fort ofAnderitum at Pevensey[6]

4th century

[edit]
[icon]
This section is empty. You can help byadding to it.(May 2015)

5th century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
c.410Romans leave Britain[7]
460s onwardsHoard of coins deposited at what is nowPatching.[8]
c.477Aelle arrived atCymenshore; Aelle goes on to become the first king of Sussex and the firstBretwalda.[9][10]
485Battle of Mercredesburne[11]
491Siege ofAnderitum in modern Pevensey.[12][13]

6th century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
c.500The beginning of theHeptarchy, which includes theKingdom of Sussex.

7th century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
607Ceolwulf of Wessex fights the South Saxons[14]
661KingÆthelwealh of Sussex becomes Christian and his territory expands westwards to include theMeon Valley and theIsle of Wight.[15]
c. 679Sussex is affected by famine.[16]
681St Wilfrid arrives in Sussex.[17]
c.681Selsey Abbey founded.[17]
685-686Cædwalla of Wessex invades Sussex, killing King Æthelwealh of Sussex.[18]
686South Saxons attackHlothere, king of Kent, in support of Hlothere's nephewEadric.[19]
c.7th centurySussex appears in theTribal Hidage.[20]

8th century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
c.700Parts of Sussex are mentioned in theRavenna Cosmography includingNouiomago orNauimago regentium (Chichester) andAnderito (Pevensey).[21]
710KingNunna of Sussex and KingIne of Wessex clash with KingGeraint ofDumnonia (Devon and Cornwall).[22]
c.715Eadberht, Abbot of Selsey is consecrated the firstbishop of the South Saxons.[23]
771KingOffa of Mercia defeats theHaestingas and adds their kingdom to the Kingdom of Sussex.[24]

9th century

[edit]
Tombstone of Æthelwulf of Wessex, buried in 858 at Steyning
YearDateEventReference
c.827Sussex annexed by Kingdom of Wessex[25]
828Historia Brittonum is written, which refers to the "Night of the Long Knives" in which Sussex is ceded by sub-Roman authorities to Saxons.
839Æthelstan becomes "King of the Dwellers in Kent, of the East Saxons, of the South Saxons and of Surrey" on the authority of his father,Æthelwulf of Wessex.[26]
858Æthelwulf of Wessex buried atSteyning.[27]
860Æthelberht of Wessex becomes king of Wessex. Sussex, together with Essex, Kent and Surrey, is fully subsumed as part of this kingdom.[28][29]
885King Alfred meets his biographer,Asser, for the first time at Alfred's royal estate at Dean in Sussex.[30]

10th century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
After 915TheBurghal Hidage lists fiveburhs (fortified towns or forts) in Sussex at Chichester, Burpham, Lewes, Hastings andEorpeburnan

[31]

927Æthelstan styles himself as King of the English, becoming the first king to do so.
9303 AprilEngland-wide Royal Council (Witenagemot) takes place atLyminster, included KingÆthelstan and his councillors.[32][33]
994Vikings commanded byOlaf Tryggvason andSweyn Forkbeard raid the coast of Sussex.[34]

11th century

[edit]
Scene from theBayeux Tapestry depicting the death of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings
YearDateEventReference
1011The last Viking raid on Sussex takes place at Hastings. Later in the same year, Sussex is ruled by the Danes[35]
1049Sweyn Godwinson abducts his cousin Beorn atBosham and later murders him.[36]
1064Harold Godwinson sets sail for Normandy from Bosham.[37]
1066SeptemberWilliam of Normandy lands atPevensey.[38]
106614 OctoberBattle of Hastings atSenlac Hill.[39]
1075TheCouncil of London decrees that the bishopric for Sussex should be moved from Selsey Abbey to a new cathedral at Chichester.[40]
1088Rebellion of 1088:William II captures the rebel leaderOdo of Bayeux in a six-week siege atPevensey Castle.[41]
1090First mention of Church in the wood Hollington, Saint Leonards on Sea

12th century

[edit]
The coat of arms ofHastings, shows a motif that features widely in the heraldry of theCinque Ports
YearDateEventReference
1107Henry I of England grants BishopRalph de Luffa the right to hold a fair in Chichester, which becomes known as theSloe Fair.[42]
1108Chichester Cathedral is consecrated under BishopRalph de Luffa.[40]
1139Siege of Arundel - part of the events ofthe Anarchy.[43]
1155Earliest known charter of theCinque Ports, included Hastings and laterRye, Winchelsea andSeaford.[44]
1187Fire destroys Chichester Cathedral and much of the city of Chichester.[45][46][47]
1194WhileRichard the Lionheart is held captive in France,King John's forces lay siege toChichester Castle.[48]
1199Chichester Cathedral is re-consecrated under BishopSeffrid II.[46][47]

13th century

[edit]
A medieval wall painting of St Richard of Chichester
YearDateEventReference
1208King John confiscatesBramber Castle from the de Braose family, after suspecting them of treachery.[48]
121522 JanuaryWhileKing John visitsKnepp Castle for 4 days, confederated barons assemble in London to determine how best to check the career of this vicious king.[49]
1216in part of theFirst Barons' War, Rye and Winchelsea open their gates toPrince Louis of France in an unsuccessful bid to take the crown from the hated King John[50]
1216Chichester Castle is attacked and occupied byPrince Louis of France.[48]
1217A force ofWealdsmen led byWilliam of Cassingham ambushesPrince Louis of France and his men at Lewes, pursuing them to Winchelsea.[51]
1225Chichester Castle is demolished so that it cannot be used again by French forces[50]
1250-1262TheRape of Chichester is created, the last of Sussex's six sub-divisions, known as Rapes.[52]
1262Pope Urban IV canonisesSt Richard of Chichester, former bishop of Chichester and now Sussex's patron saint.[53]
126414 MayBattle of Lewes
1287FebruaryOldWinchelsea completely destroyed byflood.[54]

14th century

[edit]
Bodiam Castle was constructed in 1385
YearDateEventReference
1315TheGreat Famine of 1315–17 brings a relatively large increase in mortality in Sussex and across much of northern Europe.[55]
1336Edward III decides to site the county court for Sussex at Chichester.[56]
1338Start of the English Channel naval campaign, part of theHundred Years' War, saw the unwalled Hastings burnt to the ground.[57]
1348Over the next 20 years theBlack Death kills perhaps half of the population of Sussex.[58]
135029 AugustBattle of Winchelsea[59]
1353Chichester is named as thestaple port for Sussex in theStatute of the Staple.[56]
137710 DecemberBishopWilliam Reade receives permission to fortifyAmberley Castle.[60]
1381Peasants' Revolt: people from Sussex participate in riots in London;Lewes Castle is sacked;[61][62][63]
1385Work begins onBodiam Castle[64]

15th century

[edit]
YearDateEventReference
1406James I of Scotland is imprisoned inPevensey Castle, whereHenry IV of England provided for his education.[65]
1419Joan of Navarre, dowager Queen of England, is imprisoned inPevensey Castle for the next three years after her step-sonHenry V accuses her of planning to destroy the king by sorcery[66]
1450JuneRebels involved in Jack Cade's Rebellion assemble outside London.[67]
145012 JulyJack Cade fatally wounded atCade Street.[67][68]
1451Easter weekJohn and William Merfold indicted after publicly inciting the killing of the nobility, clergy, the deposition of King Henry VI and advocating rule by common people.[67]

16th century

[edit]
Depiction of martyrdom of Richard Woodman and nine others who were burned in Lewes
YearDateEventReference
1504A statute is passed to alternate the court of theHigh Sheriff of Sussex between Chichester and Lewes.[69]
153820 DecemberShrine of St Richard destroyed following a royal order fromHenry VIII.[70]
154520 JulyAfter theBattle of the Solent, the French Navy landed at Brighton and Newhaven but is repulsed.[71]
1555-1557As part of theMarian Persecutions, a significant number of men are martyred for their Protestant faith, including 17 men burnt alive in Lewes.[72]
c.1562FirstHuguenot community arrived atRye, arriving atWinchelsea the following year.[73]
15881 OctoberRalph Crockett andEdward James executed in Chichester for being Catholic priests.[74][75]

17th century

[edit]
1928 painting of the Battle of Beachy Head
YearDateEventReference
161124 MarchThe first known reference to cricket being played by adults is recorded atSidlesham on theManhood peninsula.[76][77][78]
1611First recorded use of theemblem of Sussex inJohn Speed'sTheatrum Imperii Maganae Britanniae[79]
162410 SeptemberJasper Vinall becomes the first person recorded to have died as a result of an incident in a game of cricket[80]
1642DecemberEnglish Civil War:Battle of Muster Green in Haywards Heath results in the deaths or fleeing of 200 Royalists[81]
164222–27 DecemberEnglish Civil War:Siege of Chichester[82]
164314 April -
1 May		English Civil War: Siege ofArundel Castle[83]
164313 DecemberEnglish Civil War:Battle of Bramber Bridge
1643-164419 December 1643 – 6 January 1644English Civil War:Siege of Arundel
1655George Fox preaches atIfield and as a result the first weeklyQuaker meeting in Sussex is held; thefirst Quaker Friends meeting house in Sussex is built in 1676.[84]
169010 JulyBattle of Beachy Head.[85]

18th century

[edit]
Henry Pelham, who became the British Prime Minister in 1743.Portrait of Henry Pelham byWilliam Hoare, 1751
YearDateEventReference
174327 AugustHenry Pelham, one of the two MPs elected to thecounty of Sussex constituency, becomesPrime Minister of Great Britain.[86]
1745Sussex Weekly Advertiser first published.[87]
1748FebruaryThe brutal murders take place of William Galley and Daniel Chater by theHawkhurst Gang of smugglers.[88]
174916 JanuaryAt a special Assize in Chichester, seven men were convicted of smuggling and their part in murders carried out by theHawkhurst Gang.[89][88]
176819 FebruaryThomas Paine moves to Lewes, where he develops his political ideas, particularly as part of theHeadstrong Club.[90]
1794Sussex Yeomanry founded when there was a threat of invasion in theNapoleonic Wars.[91]

19th century

[edit]
Brighton's Chain Pier, Sussex's earliest pier, was built in 1823. PaintingChain Pier, Brighton byJohn Constable, 1827
The Skeleton Army rioting in Worthing in 1884
YearDateEventReference
180127 NovemberPrince Augustus Frederick becomesDuke of Sussex[92]
18043 JuneBirth ofRichard Cobden, statesman and co-founder of theAnti-Corn Law League[93][94]
1804Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, gets royal permission for the title 'Sussex' to be transferred from the25th Regiment of Foot to the35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot. This regiment was replaced by theRoyal Sussex Regiment 180 years later in 1881.[95]
1813Ashburnham blast furnace is closed, the last in the Weald as iron production is produced more cheaply in the Midlands and the north of England using coke.[96]
1822Gideon Mantell discovers dinosaur teeth in Tilgate Forest that he later names as a new genus of dinosaur found 'iguanadon', the second named genus of dinosaur.
1823Sussex's first pier, theChain Pier, is built in Brighton.[97]
182811 JuneSussex County Hospital (now Royal Sussex County Hospital) opens in Brighton

[98]

1830Captain Swing riots take place across Sussex and England.[99]
1832ThePetworth Emigration Scheme is set up by theEarl of Egremont. Over the next five years around 1,800 working-class people from Sussex and neighbouring counties emigrate toUpper Canada to escape poverty.[100]
1835John Sparshott is hanged in Horsham, becoming the second to last person in England to be put to death for homosexuality[101]
183627 DecemberLewes avalanche kills 8 people.[102]
183727 MarchDeath ofMaria Fitzherbert, longtime companion of the future KingGeorge IV of the United Kingdom at her home inSteine House, Brighton.[103]
18391 MarchSussex County Cricket Club formed, the first county cricket club.[104]
184011 MayThe first railway line in Sussex,from Brighton to Shoreham opens.[105]
1853Lewes Prison, the local prison for male prisoners in Sussex, is opened.[106]
186125 AugustClayton Tunnel rail crash results in 23 deaths.
186425 JulyEbernoe Horn Fair is revived after a long lapse.
1865The County of Sussex Act 1865 confirms the sub-division of Sussex into east and west areas for purposes of administration.[107]
1884Skeleton Army riots inWorthing[108]
1889County Councils were established for Sussex's eastern and western divisions.
1893An outbreak oftyphoid fever in Worthing results in 188 fatalities.[109]
1894Administration of the south ofTunbridge Wells and south ofLamberhurst is transferred toKent County Council[110][111]
1896TheNational Trust acquires its first property,Alfriston Clergy House in Alfriston.[112]

20th century

[edit]
Danny House in Hurstpierpoint, where the terms of the armistice to be offered to Germany were agreed in 1918
YearDateEventReference
1907"Sussex by the Sea", written byWilliam Ward-Higgs from hisSouth Bersted home, is published for the first time.[113]
1910An airfield is established atShoreham Airport making it one of the world's first airports.[114]
191624 MarchWithout warning a German submarine mistakenly torpedoes theSS Sussex, a cross-channel ferry, 13 miles (21 km) south ofDungeness resulting in 80 deaths.[115]
191630 JuneBattle of the Boar's Head, known as "the Day Sussex Died"[116]
191813 OctoberAt a meeting atDanny House inHurstpierpoint, theImperial War Cabinet agrees terms of the armistice to be offered to Germany at the end ofWorld War I.[117]
1925TheAdministration of Estates Act 1925 abolishes the custom of 'borough English' or ultimogentiture, a practice that prevailed more extensively in Sussex than elsewhere in England.
192611 MayAngry confrontations known asBattle of Lewes Road take place in Brighton during the1926 United Kingdom general strike.
19349 OctoberFascists and anti-Fascists clash at theBattle of South Street in Worthing.[118]
1940SeptemberOperation Sea Lion planned byNazi Germany to land on the Sussex coast and part of the coast of Kent and invade the United Kingdom.[119]
1940German air raids on Sussex begin, those in Brighton being known as theBrighton Blitz.
1942Dieppe Raid launched from Newhaven.[120]
1943Deception planOperation Fortitude launched to convince Nazis that invasion would come fromFirst United States Army Group based in Sussex and Kent to invade thePas-de-Calais department of northern France.[121]
1944Ports ofShoreham andNewhaven used as embarkation points for theD-Day landings.[122][123]
19458 MayVE Day marks the end of the war in Europe.[124]
194515 AugustVJ Day marks the end of World War II.[125]
19467 SeptemberTeddy Donaldson establishes a new officialairspeed world record of 615.78 mph (991.00 km/h; 535.10 kn) in aGloster Meteor F.4 overLittlehampton.[126]
1946New Towns Act 1946 designatesCrawley as the site of a new town.[127]
19537 SeptemberNeville Duke establishes a new officialworld air speed record of 727.63 mph (1,171.01 km/h), flying HunterWB188.[128]
1961AugustCharter granted to theUniversity of Sussex, the first university in Sussex.[129]
1962Chichester Festival Theatre opens.[130]
196514 JuneBishopDavid Cashman is made the first bishop of the Roman Catholicdiocese of Arundel and Brighton.[131]
1966Sussex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty was designated; it was revoked in 2010 upon the establishment of the South Downs National Park.
1967The firstBrighton Festival andBrighton Fringe are held
1967The firstSouth of England Show is held atArdingly.[132]
19674 NovemberIberia Flight 062 crashes into the southern slope ofBlackdown killing all 37 people on board[133]
1968Sussex Police is formed.[134]
1970A team at theInstitute of Development Studies and theScience Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex publishes theSussex Manifesto at the request of theUnited Nations.
1971Chichester Harbour Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty is set up by an Act of Parliament.
1972JulyTheSouth Downs Way is established as Sussex's firstNational Trail and the UK's first long-distance bridleway.[135]
1972OctoberSussexGay Liberation Front holds a demonstration in favour ofgay rights, a precursor to the annualBrighton Pride event[136]
1974As part of theLocal Government Act 1972 theLord Lieutenancy of Sussex replaced with one each for East and West Sussex which are made ceremonial counties.[137]
1980Wilton Park is used as a venue for South African leaders includingJacob Zuma and the rulingNational Party to meet behind closed doors.[138]
1982At a meeting of theInternational Whaling Commission in Brighton, delegates vote for amoratorium on commercialwhaling.[139]
198322 OctoberBBC Radio Brighton is relaunched as BBC Radio Sussex.[140]
198328 OctoberHigh Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty is confirmed.[141]
1983TheSussex Border Path is devised. The main path is 222 km (138 mi) long and stays close to Sussex's borders withHampshire,Surrey andKent, connectingThorney Island toRye.[142]
198412 OctoberBrighton bombing assassination attempt on Prime MinisterMargaret Thatcher[143]

21st century

[edit]
The South Downs was designated a national park on 1 April 2010
YearDateEventReference
2000Brighton and Hove is grantedcity status, becoming Sussex's second city
Sir Charles Burrell, 10th Baronet begins the process ofrewilding land at what went on to becomeKnepp Wildland, the first lowland rewilding project in England[144]
20027 OctoberPiers Sellers becomes the first native of Sussex to journey into outer space.[145]
2003Thousands ofChagossians settle in Crawley following their earlierforced eviction by the UK Government fromDiego Garcia in theIndian Ocean[146]
20055 DecemberThe first civil partnership formed under theCivil Partnership Act 2004 takes place between Matthew Roche and Christopher Cramp at St Barnabas Hospice,Worthing[147]
200716 JuneSussex Day, Sussex's county day is celebrated for the first time.[148]
200914 MarchFinance ministers and central bankers of theG20 meet atSouth Lodge Hotel inLower Beeding in advance of the2009 G20 London summit.
20111 AprilSouth Downs National Park becomes fully operational.[149]
20 MayFlag of Sussex registered by Flag Institute.[150]
201221 NovemberKaty Bourne is elected as the firstSussex Police and Crime Commissioner[151]
2013SummerProtests againstfracking take place inBalcombe[152]
21 NovemberBeachy Head West,Kingmere andPagham Harbour are made the firstMarine Conservation Zones in Sussex waters.[153]
2014UNESCO designates land between the Rivers Adur and Ouse to be theBrighton and Lewes Downs Biosphere Reserve, Sussex's first UNESCOBiosphere Reserve.[154]
201522 AugustAHawker Hunter T7 military aircraft participating in theShoreham Airshowcrashes onto the A27 dual carriageway outside ofShoreham Airport, killing 11 people and injuring 16 others.[155]
15 DecemberTimothy Peake becomes the first BritishEuropean Space Agency astronaut as well as the first person from Sussex to board theInternational Space Station.
2016MayTheSouth Downs National Park is grantedInternational Dark Sky Reserve status, to restrict artificial light pollution above the park; it is the second such area in England and the 11th in the world.[156]
23 JuneThe people of Sussex vote to leave the EU by a margin of 50.23% to 49.77% or 4,413 votes in thereferendum on UK membership of the EU.[157][158]
2018TheRampion Wind Farm becomes operational, a wind farm that lies off the Sussex coast between Worthing and Seaford.[159]
3 OctoberPrince Harry andMeghan Markle make their first official visit to Sussex asDuke and Duchess of Sussex[160]
201931 MayDEFRA designate "Selsey Bill and the Hounds" as aMarine Conservation Zone. The zone is an inshore site which covers an area of approximately 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi) and is located by the town of Selsey. The site adjoins theBracklesham BaySite of Special Scientific Interest.[161]
20206 FebruaryThe first case in Sussex ofCOVID-19 was reported when a man who returned from Singapore and France to the Brighton on 28 January[162][163][164]
2021MarchDEFRA announces a bylaw first proposed by the SussexIFCA to prevent trawling on 304 square kilometres (117 sq mi) of sea bed off the coast of Sussex. The law should help therewilding and regeneration of the Sussexkelp forest.[165][166][167]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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