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Timeline of Rwandan history

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thistimeline of Rwandan history is a chronological list of major events related to the human inhabitants ofRwanda.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

17th century

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Year	Date	Event
17th century		Tutsi kingRuganzu Ndori comes to prominence.

19th century

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ExplorerJohn Hanning Speke, the first European to visit the area

Year	Date	Event
1858		The area is visited by British explorerJohn Hanning Speke, the first European to do so.
1884	28 March	TheSociety for German Colonization is formed byKarl Peters in order to acquire German colonial territories in overseas countries. Peters signs treaties with several native chieftains on the mainland oppositeZanzibar.
1884	August	Rwanda becomes a Germanprotectorate.^[1]
1885	2 April	TheGerman East Africa Company is formed by Karl Peters to governGerman East Africa.
1899		Rwanda is incorporated into German East Africa.

20th century

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Year	Date	Event
1901	23 February	A boundary is agreed between German East Africa andNyasaland.
1916		Rwanda is occupied by Belgian forces.
1922	20 July	Rwanda-Urundi are joined as aLeague of Nations mandate, governed by Belgium.^[1]
1933		All citizens in Rwanda-Urundi are issued with an identity card defining their ethnicity.
1943		Famine affects the region.
1945		Rwanda-Urundi becomes aUnited Nations Trust Territory.
1957		The Hutu Manifesto is published.
1959	24 July	Mwami Mutara III dies.^[2]
	3 September	TheUnion Nationale Rwandaise (UNAR) party is formed.^[2]
	1 November	PoliticianDominique Mbonyumutwa is beaten by members of UNAR, leading to a violent backlash that kills thousands of Tutsis.^[3]
1960		An election is held.
1961		Rwandans vote to abolish the Tutsi monarchy.
1961	28 January	Dominique Mbonyumutwa becomes provisional President of Rwanda.
1962	1 July	Belgium grants Rwanda independence.^[1]
1962	26 October	Grégoire Kayibanda becomes the first electedPresident of Rwanda.
1963		Following a Tutsi guerilla attack from Burundi, an anti-Tutsi backlash kills thousands.
1973	5 July	Grégoire Kayibanda is overthrown in a militarycoup d'état.^[4]Juvénal Habyarimana becomes the third President of Rwanda.
1985	26 December	American naturalistDian Fossey is murdered in her Rwandan cabin.^[5]
1990	1 October	The TutsiRwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) makes an attack fromUganda, starting theRwandan Civil War.^[6]
1993	4 August	TheArusha Accords are signed between President Habyarimana and leaders of the RPF inArusha,Tanzania, ending the Rwandan Civil War.^[7]
1994	6 April	President Habyarimana and Burundian PresidentCyprien Ntaryamira are assassinated as their aircraft is shot down approachingKigali. This incident sparks theRwandan genocide.^[1]
	8 April	Théodore Sindikubwabo becomes interim President of Rwanda.
	3 July	The RPF takes control of Kigali.^[1]
	19 July	The RPF forms a provisional government^[1] andPasteur Bizimungu becomes President of Rwanda.
	21 August	The RPF controls the whole of Rwanda.^[1]
	8 November	TheInternational Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is established.^[8]
2000	24 March	Paul Kagame is selected as interim President of Rwanda.^[9]
2000	22 April	Paul Kagame is sworn in as the fourth President of Rwanda.^[10]

21st century

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Year	Date	Event
2006	January	"Rwanda's 12provinces are replaced by a smaller number of regions with the aim of creating Decentralised administrative areas."^[11]
2007	6 April	Former president Pasteur Bizimungu is released from prison after three years of a fifteen-year sentence, pardoned by President Kagame.^[12]
2009		Rwanda becomes part of theCommonwealth of Nations.^[11]

References

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"Timeline: Rwanda".BBC. 25 February 2010. Retrieved11 March 2010.

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gNotholt, Stuart (2008).Fields of Fire: An Atlas of Ethnic Conflict. Troubador Publishing. p. 2.24.ISBN 978-1-906510-47-3.
^^a ^bOsabu-Kle, Daniel Tetteh (2000).Compatible cultural democracy: the key to development in Africa.University of Toronto Press. p. 220.ISBN 1-55111-289-2.
^Cook, Susan E. (2006).Genocide in Cambodia and Rwanda: New Perspectives.Transaction Publishers. p. 174.ISBN 1-4128-0515-5.
^Adelman, Howard; Astri Suhrke (2000).The path of a genocide: the Rwanda crisis from Uganda to Zaire. Transaction Publishers. p. 64.ISBN 0-7658-0768-8.
^Mongillo, John F.; Zierdt-Warshaw, Linda (2000).Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. University Rochester Press. p. 160.ISBN 1-57356-147-9.
^Heo, Uk (2007)."Rwanda (1990–1994)".Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II, Volume 1.ABC-CLIO. p. 655.ISBN 978-1-85109-919-1.
^"Accord Ends 3-Year Civil War in Rwanda",The New York Times, 5 August 1993, retrieved5 April 2010
^Boot, Machteld (2002).Genocide, Crimes against Humanity, War Crimes. Intersentia nv. p. 226.ISBN 90-5095-216-X.
^Hranjski, Hrvoje (24 March 2000),"Rwanda: Kagame selected as interim president",The Independent, Independent News and Media Limited, retrieved30 March 2010^{[dead link]}
^"Rwanda's Kagame sworn in",BBC News, BBC, 22 April 2000, retrieved20 March 2010
^^a ^b"Rwanda Profile: Timeline".BBC News. Retrieved15 October 2017.
^"Rwanda ex-leader freed from jail",BBC News, BBC, 6 April 2007, retrieved20 March 2010

Bibliography

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Institut für Afrika-Kunde; Rolf Hofmeier, eds. (1990). "Rwanda".Afrika Jahrbuch 1989 (in German). Germany: Leske + Budrich.doi:10.1007/978-3-322-92639-5.ISBN 978-3-8100-0831-2.OCLC 19093344.Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in Afrika südlich der Sahara
"Rwanda".Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World.Europa Publications. 2001. p. 344+.ISBN 0203409957.
Jonas Ewald (2008). "Rwanda". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.).Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2007. Vol. 4. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 347+.ISBN 978-9004168053.ISSN 1871-2525.
Susan M. Thomson (2011). "Rwanda". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.).Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Vol. 7. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 359+.ISBN 9789004205567.ISSN 1871-2525.
Susan Thomson (2013). "Rwanda". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.).Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. Vol. 9. Koninklijke Brill. p. 351+.ISBN 9789004256002.ISSN 1871-2525.
Aimable Twagilimana (2016). "Chronology".Historical Dictionary of Rwanda (2nd ed.).Rowman & Littlefield.ISBN 978-1-4422-5591-3.

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