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Timeline of Michigan history

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Historical Timeline

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History of Michigan

By year Pre-statehood U.S. Civil War Since 1900 Topics:Cities -Politics
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Natural history

13000 BC to12000 BC The most recent of four majorglaciers (Wisconsin glaciation) started to recede, leaving atundra-like environment. The melting ice formed theGreat Lakes, theUpper Peninsula andLower Peninsula (in theMichigan Basin).
12800 BC Mastodons and otherice age mammals started to appear in thefossil record.
11000 BC to9000 BC Archeological evidence ofPaleo-Indians appeared, in the form of sharpened stone tool points known as flutedbiface.

French colonization

1621 or 1622Étienne Brûlé and his companion Roosevelt paddled up theSt. Mary's River and enteredLake Superior.
1634Jean Nicolet, guided by theWyandot, passed through theStraits of Mackinac and followed the southern shoreline of theUpper Peninsula, en route to find theHo-Chunk and the imagined passage to the Pacific.
1641Jesuit priestsIsaac Jogues andCharles Raymbault followed the same route as Brûlé, finding manyOjibwa at the St. Mary's River rapids and naming itSault Ste. Marie.
1653 TheIroquois Wars virtually emptied thelower peninsula ofNative Americans and cut off theOttawa River route and theSt. Lawrence River route into Michigan.
1659Pierre-Esprit Radisson andMédard des Groseilliers traveled to westernLake Superior with an envoy offur trading Native Americans returning fromMontreal.
1661 FatherRené Menard retraced the route of Radisson and Groseilliers to find theWyandot, wintered inL'Anse, and then disappeared traveling inland fromChequamegon Bay.
1665Claude-Jean Allouez and sixVoyageurs retraced Menard's route to find him and the Wyandot; they reportedcopper deposits in theKeweenaw Peninsula area.
1668 FatherJacques Marquette establishedSault Ste. Marie, the first European settlement in what is now Michigan.
1669Jean Talon sentAdrien Jolliet andJean Peré on a mission to investigate the Allouez copper reports. Peré appears to have abandoned the mission in favor of fur trading. AnIroquois warrior guided Jolliet's return trip along the eastern shoreline of theLower Peninsula and down theSt. Clair andDetroit Rivers. That may have been the first visit of a European to the Lower Peninsula.
1671 June 14 – In "The Pageant of the Sault" atSault Ste. Marie, Ontario, fourJesuit priests led by FatherClaude-Jean Allouez, representing theRoman Catholic Church, andSimon Francois Daumont St. Lusson held aloft a sword and a symbolic tuft of sod, declaring to the Native Americans that all of theGreat Lakes country was henceforth a possession ofKing Louis XIV of France.
1671 FatherClaude Dablon took over the mission at the Sault, and Marquette moved to establish a mission atSt. Ignace.
1679René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle sailedLe Griffon toSt. Ignace and on toan island at the inlet of Green Bay, departed from there with 14 men via canoe south onLake Michigan, and establishedFort Miami.
1680 La Salle abandonedFort Miami and made an overland trip across theLower Peninsula.
1683Louis de la Porte, Sieur de Louvigny and 150 French soldiers establishedFort de Buade atSt. Ignace.
1684 The mission of St. Joseph was established inNiles byClaude-Jean Allouez.
1686Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut establishedFort St. Joseph in what is nowPort Huron.
1691Marquis de Denonville sentAugustin le Gardeur de Courtemanche to establish anotherFort St. Joseph at the Jesuit mission that had been formed around 1684 at modernNiles, Michigan.
1701Antoine de Lamothe Cadillac, with his lieutenantAlphonse de Tonty, established a settlement on theDetroit River which they namedFort Pontchartrain du Détroit, today the city ofDetroit. Their wives joined them and are said to be the first European women in Michigan.
1710 Cadillac was removed fromFort Pontchartrain du Détroit and replaced byCharles Regnault, Sieur Dubuisson. Before leaving, Cadillac invited theMeskwaki to live around the fort.
1712 TheMeskwaki were not welcomed by the tribes living around Detroit, and Dubuisson ordered them to leave. They refused, and a fight broke out for 19 days, leading to theFox Wars.
1715Fort de Buade was abandoned andFort Michilimackinac was constructed in what is nowMackinaw City, Michigan.
1720 to 1744 was a period of peace,fur trading and little expansion in the part ofNew France that would become Michigan.
1758 During theFrench and Indian War,Fort Frontenac was captured byBritish forces cutting off New France'sSt. Lawrence River supply and communication conduits into Michigan.
1760Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit was peacefully turned over to the British afterQuebec was defeated.

British colonization

1763 In theTreaty of Paris, France ceded all lands inNew France east of theMississippi River toGreat Britain, ending the French colonial period in Michigan.
1763Odawa leaderPontiac led amajor revolt of Native Americans against the British,besieging Fort Detroit.
1763George III of Great Britain proclaimed that the newly acquired North American land – exceptQuebec,West Florida andEast Florida – would be anIndian Reserve, prohibiting settlement without British permission west of theAppalachian Mountains.
1774 TheParliament of Great Britain passed theQuebec Act, which expanded Quebec's borders south to theOhio River.
1783 The area that is now Michigan was included with theterritory ceded by Great Britain to the United States by theTreaty of Paris that ended theAmerican Revolutionary War. However, the U.S. did not take control of the territory until 1796.
1796 Detroit and other posts in Michigan were turned over to the United States under terms of theJay Treaty.Wayne County was established as an administrative division of theNorthwest Territory.

U.S. territory

1805Michigan Territory was created, withDetroit designated as the seat of government.William Hull appointed as governor. Detroit was destroyed by fire.
1812 Detroit andMackinac Island were captured by the British in theWar of 1812.
1813 Detroit was recovered from the British by future-PresidentWilliam Henry Harrison.
1813Lewis Cass became Territorial Governor.
1817 TheUniversity of Michigan was established in Detroit, the firstpublic university in the state.
1818 The British ceded control of the several islands of the Upper Peninsula and in the St. Clair River to the U.S. after theTreaty of Ghent and border negotiations were concluded.
1819 In theTreaty of Saginaw, theOjibwe,Ottawa, andPotawatomi ceded more than six million acres (24,000 km²) in the central portion of theLower Peninsula of Michigan to the United States.
1821 With the1821 Treaty of Chicago, theOjibwe,Ottawa, andPotawatomi ceded all the lands south of theGrand River to the United States.
1823 Congress transferred legislative powers previously exercised by the Territorial Governor and Judges to a nine-member Legislative Council, appointed by the U.S. President, who selected them from eighteen persons chosen by the people. The Council was expanded to thirteen members in 1825 and made an elected body in 1827.
1824 TheChicago Road was surveyed betweenFort Dearborn inChicago and Detroit. Besides its original military purpose, it became a major avenue for settlement and trade.
1828 The British turned over their fort onDrummond Island to the United States.
1828Lewis Cass andHenry Schoolcraft established the Historical Society of Michigan.
1832 The Territorial Capitol was built inDetroit at a cost of $24,500.
1833 TheDetroit Arsenal was constructed inDearborn, Michigan, to serve the territorial militia and the regular army.
1833 Treaty of Chicago
1835 The First Constitutional Convention was held.Stevens T. Mason was inaugurated as the firstGovernor of Michigan. A minor conflict withOhio, known as theToledo War, over an area including the city ofToledo, Ohio, delayed Michigan statehood, because theState of Ohio objected.
1836 Michigan accepted Ohio's claim to Toledo and theToledo Strip and received, as compensation, the western three-fourths of theUpper Peninsula.
1836 In theTreaty of Washington, representatives of the Ottawa and Chippewa nations of Native Americans ceded an area of 13,837,207 acres (55,997 km²) in the northwest portion of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and the eastern portion of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This area represents approximately 37% of the current land area of the state of Michigan.
1837 Michigan was admitted as afree state into the union (the 26th state). It was admitted a few months after theslave state ofArkansas.

As a U.S. state

1837 ThePanic of 1837 was a severe setback to the nascent state bank and to several ambitious programs of public improvements, including theClinton-Kalamazoo Canal.
1838 ThePatriot War sawIrish nationalists invadeUpper Canada fromsoutheast Michigan.
1840Douglass Houghton reported findingcopper deposits on theKeweenaw Peninsula.
1842 TheTreaty of La Pointe was the lastNative American land cession in Michigan.
1846Marji-Gesick, anOjibwa Indian, pointed out a large deposit ofiron ore to prospectorPhilo Everett near the present-day city ofNegaunee.
1847 Under the leadership ofAlbertus van Raalte, Dutch Calvinist separatists foundedHolland, Michigan, in southwest Michigan.
1847 A law was passed by the State Legislature to re-locate the state capital from Detroit to a site "in the township ofLansing, in the county ofIngham".
1849Michigan State Normal College was founded inYpsilanti as the firstnormal college west of the Appalachian Mountains.
1854 The first official meeting of the group that called itself the "Republican Party" was held inJackson.
1855Michigan State University was founded as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, becoming the firstland grant university in theUnited States.
1861-1865 Michigan sent 90,000 men, nearly a quarter of the state's male population, to fight instate regiments in the Civil War.
1871 Fires burnedManistee and Holland.
1872 The first rail connections reachedNorthern Michigan port cities. TheGrand Rapids and Indiana Railroad reachedTraverse City in December 1872 (viaWalton Junction andTraverse City Rail Road Company) and reachedPetoskey in 1873. TheFlint and Pere Marquette Railroad completed its terminal atLudington in 1874. While theMichigan Central Railroad reachedOtsego County in the fall of 1872,^[1]Cheboygan^[2] and Mackinaw City did not have rail service until the early 1880s.^[3]
1879 The newState Capitol was dedicated inLansing. The structure cost $1,510,130.
1890s and 1900s (decade)Ford,Chrysler andGeneral Motors were among many automotive companies founded in southeastern Michigan.
1919 TheState Trunkline Highway System was created as an act of the state legislature which took effect on May 13.
1928 Construction of the FordRiver Rouge Plant was completed. It was the largest integrated factory complex in the world, employing 100,000 people
1929 TheAmbassador Bridge opened between Detroit andWindsor, Ontario. It was the longest bridge in the world when built. TheDetroit-Windsor Tunnel opened the next year.
1937 TheFlint Sit-Down Strike ended with official recognition of theUnited Auto Workers byGeneral Motors.
1941-1945 DuringWorld War II, Detroit was called the "Arsenal of Democracy" for its wartime industry;Fort Wayne was the largest motor vehicle and parts depot in the world.
1943 A riot broke out, pitting whites against blacks during wartime.
1950 Detroit was the 4th largest city in the U.S., with 1.8 million people.
1957 The five-mile-longMackinac Bridge opened on November 1.
1959Motown began recording music in Detroit.
1960 Census results revealed a 1.45 million increase in state population, the largest in state history.
1967Race riots struck the city of Detroit. After five days of rioting, 43 people were dead, 1,189 injured and over 7,000 arrested. The riot had lasting effects on the entiremetro region and is usually cited as one of the reasons the Detroit area is among the most segregated areas in the United States.
1974Gerald R. Ford ofGrand Rapids became the 38thPresident of the United States.
1987 Michigan celebrated 150 years of statehood.
2001 The emigration rate for Michigan began to exceed the immigration rate.
2002 Michigan elected its first female governor,Democrat Jennifer Granholm.
2009 Michigan had the worstunemployment rate of any state, peaking at over 15%, due to theAutomotive industry crisis of 2008–2010 and theGreat Recession.
2010 Michigan lost 0.6% of its population since the previous census, the first decline in its population recorded by theUnited States Census Bureau.

See also

References and further reading

Dunbar, Willis F. and George S. May (1995).Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State. WM. B. Eerdmans.ISBN 0-8028-7055-4.
Poremba, David Lee (2003).Detroit: A Motor City History. Arcadia Publishing.ISBN 0-7385-2435-2.
Poremba, David Lee (2001).Detroit in Its World Setting (timeline). Wayne State University.ISBN 0-8143-2870-9.
Woodford, Arthur M. (2001).This is Detroit 1701–2001. Wayne State University Press.ISBN 0-8143-2914-4.

References

^"The History of Otsego County".Otsego County, Michigan. Archived fromthe original on September 24, 2015. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2019.In the fall of 1872, the Village of Otsego Lake was established and the railroad reached the Otsego Lake area about this same time.
^Friday, Matthew J. (2010).The Inland Water Route. Arcadia Publishing. p. 14.ISBN 978-1-4396-2440-1.The railroad arrived in Cheboygan in 1881... prior to this, seasonal navigation provided the only real link to places further south.
^"Village of Wolverine History".Village of Wolverine. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2019.In 1881, the Michigan Central Railroad had extended their line to Mackinaw City. The Grand Rapids Railroad completed their line to Mackinaw in 1882

External links

"Chronology of Michigan History"(PDF).legislature.mi.gov.
"History".michigan.gov. May 25, 2017. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2019.
"Michigan History Magazine".Historical Society of Michigan. July 20, 2012. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2019.
"The Milford Historical Society".milfordhistory.org. RetrievedSeptember 17, 2019.
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913)."Michigan" .Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

v t e Years in Michigan
19th century	1865 1875 1885 1887 1895
20th century	1901 1905 1910 1915 1920 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
21st century	2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

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History of Michigan

Military	Jay Treaty Treaty of Detroit Treaty of Saginaw Treaty of Brownstown Treaty of Fort Meigs Treaty of St. Mary's 1821 Treaty of Chicago 1833 Treaty of Chicago Toledo War Battle of Windsor Treaty of Fond du Lac Treaty of La Pointe Civil War
Industry	Northwest Territory Chicago Road Clinton-Kalamazoo Canal Auto Makers River Rouge Plant Willow Run Ambassador Bridge Detroit–Windsor Tunnel Flint Sit-Down Strike Mackinac Bridge
Politics	Lewis Cass Gerald Ford

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State ofMichigan

Lansing (capital)

Society

Upper Peninsula	Copper Country Gogebic Range Keweenaw Peninsula
Lower Peninsula	Central Michigan Metro Detroit Michiana Northern Michigan Southeast Michigan The Thumb West Michigan

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Federal district	Washington, D.C.
Territories	American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands
Outlying islands	Baker Island Howland Island Jarvis Island Johnston Atoll Kingman Reef Midway Atoll Navassa Island Palmyra Atoll Wake Island

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