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Timeline of Messina

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The following is a timeline of thehistory of the city ofMessina,Sicily,Italy.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

Prior to 18th century

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Part ofa series on the

History ofItaly

Early

Prehistoric Italy
Nuragic civilization (18th–3rd c. BC)
Etruscan civilization (12th–6th c. BC)
Magna Graecia (8th–3rd c. BC)

Ancient Rome

Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC)
Republic (509 BC–27 BC)
Empire (27 BC–286 AD)
Western Empire (286 AD–476 AD)
- Praetorian prefecture of Italy

Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms

Odoacer's	476–493
Ostrogothic	493–553
Vandal	435–534
Lombard	568–774
Frankish (Carolingian Empire)	774–962
Germanic (Holy Roman Empire)	962–1801

Medieval

Italy in the Middle Ages
Byzantine reconquest of Italy (6th–8th c.)
Islam andNormans in southern Italy
Maritime republics andItalian city-states
Guelphs and Ghibellines

Early modern

Italian Renaissance (14th–16th c.)
Italian Wars (1494–1559)
Catholic revival (1545–1648)
Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
Napoleonic Italy (1801–1814)

- Republic
- Kingdom

Risorgimento (1815–1871)

Young Italy

Modern

Monarchy (1861–1946)
Colonial Empire (1882–1960)
Italy in World War I (1914–1918)
Fascism (1922–1943)
Italy in World War II (1940–1945)
FascistItalian Social Republic,Partisans andItalian Civil War (1943–1945)
Republic (1946–1994)
Years of Lead (1970s–1980s)
- Maxi Trial (1986–1992)
- Mani pulite (1992–2001)

Contemporary

Second Republic (1994–2022)
- Great Recession (2007–2009)
- European migrant crisis (2014–2016)
- COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023)
- Rinnovamento (2021–present)

By topic

Timeline

Italy portal

730 BCE -Chalcidians take settlement from theSiculi; town renamed "Zancle".^[1]
671 BCE -Samians take Zancle.^[2]
397 BCE - Settlement sacked by Carthaginian forces in theBattle of Messene.^[3]
343 BCE - Carthaginians ousted by forces ofTimoleon.^[3]
282 BCE -Mamertines take Messina (approximate date).^[3]
241 BCE - Messina becomes acivitas foederata.^[3]
35 BCE - Messina attacked by forces ofOctavian.^[3]

520 CE -Roman Catholic diocese of Messina active (approximate date).^[4]
535 CE -Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire takes Sicily.^[5]
843 -Arabs in power over most of the island, including Messina.^[5]^[3]
902 - Fall ofTaormina to the Saracens. The Muslim conquest of the island had begun in 826. Some time between the fall of Syracuse in 878 and the fall of Taormina in 902, the imperial administrator and military commander for theThema of Sicily, the Strategos, moves across the strait toRhegion, in Calabria.^[3]
965 - Fall ofRometta, an outpost near Messina, and the last imperial possession on the island of Sicily. After this event, the Byzantine military post of "Strategos of Sicily" is altered to "Strategos of Calabria" in the chroniclers' lists.^[3]
1038 -George Maniakes liberates Messina and the eastern third ofVal Demone, and carries on with the annexation of the eastern coast ofVal di Noto, also liberating Syracuse^[6].^[3]
1061 -Normans arrive in the area. They respect the native population.^[3]
1098 -Messina Cathedral construction begins.^[3]
1190 - Messina is sacked, looted, and burned by forces of theAngevin King Richard, including the emblematic,Basilian Monastery of San Salvatore, on the pretext of the Norman KingWilliam's widow,Joan, and Richard's sister, not receiving her husband's inheritance from the new King of Sicily,Tancred .^[3]
1194 -Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor in power in Sicily.^[3]
1197 -Messina Cathedral consecrated.^[3]
1232
- Messina issuesgold coin.^[7]
- Economic unrest.^[5]
1282
- Messina revolts against the Angevin Kingdom of Naples, joining the other rest of Sicily in theSicilian Vespers.^[3]
- The city isbesieged for five weeks by an Angevin army underCharles I of Anjou, before the approach of an Aragonese army relieves the city.
- Aragonese rule begins.^[3]
1296 -Fair [it] begins.^{[citation needed]}
1301 - Messina isbesieged by an Angevin army and Aragonese fleet. Despite a famine, the city holds and is relieved by autumn.
ca.1430 - Birth ofAntonello da Messina a painter.^[3]
1473 -Printing press in operation.^[8]^[9]
1535 -Entry ofCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor into Messina.
1545 -Forte Gonzaga (fort) built.
1546 -Forte del Santissimo Salvatore (fort) built.
1548 -Jesuit College (Messina) [it] founded.
1616 -Palazzo del Monte di Pietà (Messina) built.
1638 -Orto Botanico "Pietro Castelli" dell'Università di Messina (garden) established.
1674 -Messina revolt against Spanish rule begins.^[1]^[10]
1686 -Real Cittadella (fort) built.
1693 -1693 Sicily earthquake.^[2]

18th-19th centuries

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1713 -Spanish rule ends.^[3]
1728 - Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti (learned society) founded.^[11]
1743 - Plague.^[3]
1757 -Statua dell'Immacolata (Messina) [it] (monument) erected.
1783 -Earthquake.^[3]
1806 -Museum opens.
1838 -University of Messina established.
1848 -Sicilian revolution of 1848.^[3]
1850 - Population: 97,074.^[3]
1854
- State Archive of Messina established.^[12]
- Cholera outbreak.^[3]
1860 - July:Garibaldi enters city.^[2]^[3]
1866 -Railway station opens.
1871
- Ferrovia Messina-Siracusa (railway) in operation.
- Population: 111,854.^[13]
1881 - Population: 126,497.^[3]
1889
- Ferrovia Palermo-Messina (railway) begins operating.
- Messina Marittima railway station opens.
1890 -Messina-Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto Tram [it] begins operating.
1892 - First section ofMessina-Giampilieri Tram [it] begins operating.
1896 -Strait of Messina ferry [it] begins operating.
1900 -Messina Football Club formed.

20th century

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1908 - 28 December:1908 Messina earthquake.^[3]
1911 - Population: 126,557.^[14]
1921 - Population: 177,196.^{[citation needed]}
1932 -Stadio Giovanni Celeste (stadium) opens.
1935 - Archivio Storico Comunale (city archives) established.^[15]
1936 - Population: 191,966.^{[citation needed]}
1943 - City bombed in theAllied invasion of Sicily during World War II.^[16]
1952 -Gazzetta del Sud newspaper begins publication.^[17]
1955
- June: Internationalconference onEuropean economic integration held in Messina.^[16]
- Pylons erected in the Strait of Messina to hold an electric power line.
1959 -Messina Grand Prix (car race) begins.
1979 -International Rally of Messina (car race) begins.
1985 - March:Sicilian local election, 1985 [it] held.

21st century

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2003 -Tram begins operating.
2004 -Stadio San Filippo (stadium) opens.
2009
- October:2009 Messina floods and mudslides.
- Palazzo della cultura built.
2010 -S.S.D. Città di Messina (football club) formed.
2013
- June:Local election held;Renato Accorinti becomes mayor.
- Population: 242,267.^[18]
2018 - Local election held;Cateno De Luca becomes mayor.^[19]
2022 - Local election held;Federico Basile becomes mayor.^[20]

References

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^^a ^bDomenico 2002.
^^a ^b ^cHaydn 1910.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^zBritannica 1910.
^"Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway:Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved9 December 2016.
^^a ^b ^cKleinhenz 2004.
^Lupus Protospatharius, 58.6-7
^Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002)."Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
^Henri Bouchot (1890)."Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.).The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
^Robert Proctor (1898)."Books Printed From Types: Italy: Messina".Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company.hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631.
^Smedley, Edward; Rose, Hugh James; Rose, Henry John (1845),"Modern History, Chronological Table, 1649-1815: Spain and Portugal",Encyclopædia Metropolitana, vol. 13: History and Biography, v.5, London
^James E. McClellan (1985). "Official Scientific Societies: 1600-1793".Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. p. 261+.ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
^"Storia dell'Istituto".Archivio di Stato di Messina (in Italian).Ministero dei Beni e delle Attività Culturali e del Turismo. Retrieved9 December 2016.
^Hunter, Brian; Paxton, John; Steinberg, S. H.; Epstein, Mortimer; Renwick, Isaac Parker Anderson; Keltie, John Scott; Martin, Frederick (1873)."Italy".Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co.hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
^"Italy".Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913.hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
^"Archivio Storico Comunale" (in Italian). Comune di Messina. Retrieved9 December 2016.
^^a ^b"Turismo: Storia e Tradizioni: Cenni storici" (in Italian). Comune di Messina. Retrieved9 December 2016.
^"Italy".Western Europe. Regional Surveys of the World (5th ed.).Europa Publications. 2003.ISBN 978-1-85743-152-0.
^"Resident Population".Demo-Geodemo.Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved9 December 2016.
^"Cateno De Luca è stato proclamato Sindaco di Messina. «Sarò il portatore della rivoluzione» - FOTO".Normanno.com (in Italian). 26 June 2018. Retrieved18 August 2022.
^"Federico Basile proclamato sindaco di Messina: «Premiato il metodo De Luca, lo porterò avanti a modo mio»".Normanno.com (in Italian). 16 June 2022. Retrieved18 August 2022.

Bibliography

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in English

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William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]."Messana".Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur.
John Ramsay McCulloch (1877),"Messina",A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, Hugh G. Reid, ed., London: Longmans, Green, and Co.,hdl:2027/njp.32101079877088
"Messina".Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901.hdl:2027/njp.32101065312926.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Ismar Elbogen (1904),"Messina",Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 8, New York,hdl:2027/mdp.49015002282243{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
"Messina",Southern Italy and Sicily (15th ed.), Leipzig:Karl Baedeker, 1908 +1867 ed.
Ashby, Thomas (1910)."Messina" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 194–195.
Benjamin Vincent (1910),"Messina",Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.,hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t41r6xh8t
Roy Domenico (2002). "Sicily: Messina".Regions of Italy: a Reference Guide to History and Culture. Greenwood. pp. 287+.ISBN 0313307334.
Christopher Kleinhenz, ed. (2004). "Messina".Medieval Italy: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 705+.ISBN 0415939291.

in Italian

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Cajo Domenico Gallo (1756).Annali della citta si Messina (in Italian). Francesco Gaipa.
Guida per la cittá di Messina (in Italian) (2nd ed.). Giuseppe Fiumara. 1841.
"Messina".Nuova Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian). Vol. 13 (6th ed.). Torino: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese. 1882.hdl:2027/uc1.c2649811.
"Messina".Guida generale di Sicilia e Malta: storica, artistica, commerciale (in Italian) (3rd ed.). Catania:Niccolò Giannotta [it]. 1889.
"Messina".Sicilia. Guida d'Italia (in Italian). Milan:Touring Club Italiano. 1919. p. 96+.hdl:2027/uc1.$b535988.
Paolo Militello (2008).Ritratti di città in Sicilia e a Malta: XVI-XVII secolo (in Italian). Palermo:Officina di Studi Medievali [it].ISBN 978-88-88615-78-3.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toMessina.

Items related to Messina, various dates (viaEuropeana)
Items related to Messina, various dates (viaDigital Public Library of America)

Messina

History of Messina

Monuments and places

Personalities

Actors	Adolfo Celi Tano Cimarosa Maria Grazia Cucinotta Nino Frassica Massimo Mollica
Artists and designers	Girolamo Alibrandi Anna Maria Arduino Antonio Barbalonga Francesco Comande Antonello da Messina Giuseppe Migneco Giovanni Quagliata Filippo Juvarra Mariano Riccio Alonzo Rodriguez Giovanni Tuccari
Politicians, civil service, military	Giuseppe La Farina Gaetano Martino Giuseppe Natoli Luigi Rizzo
Musicians, composers	Lucia Aliberti Mario Aspa Filippo Bonaffino Gens
Religion	Eustochia Smeralda Calafato Annibale Maria Di Francia
Sports	Silvia Bosurgi Tony Cairoli Vincenzo Nibali Valerio Vermiglio
Researchers, academics	Aristocles of Messene Dicaearchus Caio Domenico Gallo Francesco Maurolico Agostino Scilla Giuseppe Seguenza Giuseppe Sergi

Parks & nature reserves

Sport events

Transportation & infrastructure

v t e Timelines ofcities in Italy
Northwest	Bergamo Brescia Cremona Genoa Mantua Milan Novara Pavia Turin
Northeast	Bologna Bolzano Ferrara Forlì Modena Padua Parma Piacenza Ravenna Reggio Emilia Rimini Trento Treviso Trieste Udine (it) Venice Verona Vicenza
Centre	Ancona Arezzo Florence Grosseto Livorno Lucca Perugia Pisa Pistoia Prato Rome Siena
South	Bari Brindisi L'Aquila Naples Reggio Calabria Salerno Taranto
Islands	Cagliari Catania Messina Palermo Syracuse Trapani

v t e Years inItaly (1861–present)
19th century	Pre-1861 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900
20th century	1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
21st century	2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026