This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.
c. 900 CE -Tundun (Tondo) was at its peak and was a center of commerce and trade of theTagalogs. It was during this era that the Chief and Commander of Tundun issued theLaguna Copperplate Inscription to Namwaran's clan on 21 April 900 CE.[1]: "134" [2]: "38"
before the 11th century -Namayan was established by theTagalog people at thePasig River. It was led by the house of Lakantagkan during its peak in the 14th century.[3]
c. 13th Century -Maynila was supposedly founded by Avirjirkaya which spanned present dayIntramuros according to Kapampangan historian Mariano A. Henson.
Uncertaintimestamp -Empress Sasanban became the Queen Regent ofNamayan. According to oral tradition, she was a concubine ofAnka Widyaya ofJava and bore a child named Prince Balagtas[4]
Uncertaintimestamp - theTagalog andKapampangan-fortified city ofCainta was established on an upriver area which occupied the shores on both sides of a waterway of thePasig River. It was located not far from where the Pasig River meets theLake of Ba-i.[5]
1571 - 24 June: SpaniardsMartín de Goiti,Juan de Salcedo andMiguel López de Legazpi arrived. In August 1571, Legazpi instructed his nephew Juan de Salcedo to "pacify" Cainta. After travelling several days upriver, Salcedo laid siege to the city and eventually found a weak spot on the wall. The final Spanish attack annihilated over 400 residents of Cainta, including their leader Gat Maitan.[6][8]
1572 - The Spanish city was attacked and was almost seized by Chinese pirates.[8]
The firstFar Eastern Championship Games, also called "the first Oriental Olympic Games," were held at the Carnival grounds (later the site of the Rizal Memorial Sports Stadium) in Malate, on the 3rd to the 7th of February, with participants from the US Philippine Islands, China, Japan, the British East Indies (Malaya), Thailand, and British Hong Kong.
1919 - The United States Air Service establishedCamp Nichols near Fort William McKinley, just south of Manila.
1920 - Ramón Fernández became mayor.
1923 - The Peking Council, Tokyo Council and the Manila Council - the firstBoy Scouts of America Councils in Asia, were organized. (The 1973 Golden Jubilee Jamboree of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines was dated from this year.)
TheCity of Greater Manila was formed, which merged the city and municipal governments of Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Makati, Mandaluyong, Parañaque, Pasay, and San Juan.
ThePhilippine Commonwealth Army's general headquarters and camp base in the city's capital were disestablished, and was occupied by the Japanese Imperial forces.
The general headquarters and military camp bases of thePhilippine Commonwealth Army were moved to the provinces.
1945
February: TheManila massacre initiated by the Japanese forces transpired.
3 February - 3 March: The World War IIBattle of Manila (1945) ensued; the Japanese forces were defeated.[29]
1 August: The City of Greater Manila was disestablished.[35]
Juan L. Nolasco became mayor.
The General Headquarters and military camp bases of thePhilippine Commonwealth Army and thePhilippine Constabulary was re-established and reactivated in the city's capital after liberation from the Japanese.
^Patanñe, E.P. Philippines in the Sixth to Sixteenth Centuries. 1996.
^Abinales, Patricio N. and Donna J. Amoroso, State and Society in the Philippines. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005.
^abScott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.
^Odal-Devora, Grace (2000). The River Dwellers, in Book Pasig : The River of Life (Edited by Reynaldo Gamboa Alejandro and Alfred A. Yuson). Unilever Philippines. pp. cited byNick Juaquin43–66.
^"Pre-colonial Manila".Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library. Malacañang Presidential Museum and Library Araw ng Maynila Briefers. Presidential Communications Development and Strategic Planning Office. 23 June 2015. Archived fromthe original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved27 April 2017.
^abBlair, Emma Helen; Robertson, James Alexander, eds. (1903). Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon. The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898. 3. Ohio, Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Company. p. 145.
^Dery, Luis Camara (2001). A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-1069-0.
^David E. Gardinier & Josefina Z. Sevilla-Gardinier (1989). "Rosa Sevilla de Alvero and the Instituto de Mujeres of Manila".Philippine Studies.37 (1):29–51.JSTOR42633130.
^abDavid H. Stam, ed. (2001)."Philippines".International Dictionary of Library Histories. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.ISBN1579582443.
Philippines. Office of Public Welfare Commissioner. (1922),Directory of charitable and social service organizations and institutions in the city of Manila (2nd ed.), Manila: Bureau of Printing,OL7214795M
Mauro Garcia, ed. (1971),Focus on old Manila, Manila: Philippine Historical Association
Edilberto De Jesus. 'Manila's first factories', Philippine Historical Review, 4 (1971)
Nicolas Zafra (1974),The colonization of the Philippines and the beginnings of the Spanish city of Manila, Manila: National Historical Commission
William F. Stinner & Melinda Bacol-Montilla (1981). "Population Deconcentration in Metropolitan Manila in the Twentieth Century".Journal of Developing Areas.16 (1):3–16.JSTOR4190969.PMID12338830.
Daniel F. Doeppers. Manila, 1900-1941: Social change in a late colonial metropolis (New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1984).
Jack Arn (1995). "Pathway To The Periphery: Urbanization, Creation Of A Relative Surplus Population, And Political Outcomes In Manila, Philippines".Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development.24 (3/4):189–228.JSTOR40553284.
Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996)."Manila".International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 565+.ISBN9781884964046.
Xavier Huetz de Lemps. 'Shifts in meaning of "Manila" in the nineteenth century', in Old ties and new solidarities: Studies on Philippine communities, ed. C. J.-H. Macdonald and G. M. Pesigan (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000)
Published in the 21st century
Charles L. Choguill (2001). "Manila: City of Hope or a Planner's Nightmare?".Built Environment.27 (2):85–95.JSTOR23287514.
"Manila".Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London. 2003.
Bruce P. Lenman (2004). "Manila". In Ooi Keat Gin (ed.).Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 854+.ISBN978-1-57607-770-2.
Yoshihiro Chiba (2005). "Cigar-Makers in American Colonial Manila: Survival during Structural Depression in the 1920s".Journal of Southeast Asian Studies.36 (3):373–397.doi:10.1017/s0022463405000214.JSTOR20072667.S2CID161723850.
Gavin Shatkin (2007).Collective Action and Urban Poverty Alleviation: Community Organizations and the Struggle for Shelter in Manila. Ashgate Publishing.ISBN978-0-7546-4786-7.
Marco Garrido (2008). "Civil and Uncivil Society Symbolic Boundaries and Civic Exclusion in Metro Manila".Philippine Studies.56 (4):443–465.JSTOR42633976.
