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Timeline of Chinese history

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Part ofa series on the

History of China

Prehistoric

Paleolithic(c. 2.43 Ma – c. 12 ka)

Neolithic(c. 8500 – c. 2000 BCE)

Yellow,Yangtze, andLiao civilization

Ancient

Xia(c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE)

Shang(c. 1600 – c. 1046 BCE)

Late Shang(c. 1250 – c. 1046 BCE)

Zhou(c. 1046 – c. 256 BCE)

Western Zhou(1046–771 BCE)

Eastern Zhou(771–256 BCE)

Spring and Autumn(c. 770 – c. 476 BCE)

Warring States(475–221 BCE)

Imperial

Modern

Republic of China(mainland, 1912–1949)

Chinese Civil War(1927–1949)

Thehistory of China andits dynasties contain many important legal and territorial changes and political events.

Dates prior to 841 BC, the beginning of theGonghe Regency, are provisional and subject to dispute.

This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

80,000BC	H. sapiens appears in modernDao County, Hunan.^[1]
20,000 BC	Pottery was used inXianren Cave.^[2]
7600 BC	TheZengpiyan culture appeared.
7600 BC	Pigs were first domesticated in China.^[3]
7500 BC	ThePengtoushan culture appeared.
7500 BC	Rice was first domesticated in China.
7000 BC	ThePeiligang culture appeared.
6600 BC	TheJiahu symbols were first used atJiahu.
6500 BC	TheCishan culture appeared.
6000 BC	Dogs were first domesticated in China.^[3]
4000 BC	Symbols were carved into pottery atBanpo.
3630 BC	Silk processing was invented by theYangshao culture.

Year	Date	Event
2570 BC		Silk was produced by theLiangzhu culture.
2500 BC		Battle of Banquan: The forces of the divine farmerShennong were repelled by a force of tribes allied under theYellow Emperor.
2500 BC		Battle of Zhuolu: A combined army of tribes under theYellow Emperor defeatedHmong invasion atZhuolo.
2366 BC		Zhi becameking.

Year	Date	Event
2200 BC		Great Flood:Yu the Great completed a drainage system which ended the periodic and destructive flooding of theYellow andYangtze Rivers. (Reliable Archaeological discoveries depict that it happened around 1920BC.^[4])
2200 BC		TheNine Tripod Cauldrons were forged from metal given in tribute toYu by theNine Provinces.
2117 BC		Tai Kang becameking of theXia dynasty.

Year	Date	Event
2075 BC		Xiang of Xia becameking of theXia dynasty.
2047 BC		Xiang was murdered and displaced asking on the orders of the warlord Han Zhuo. His pregnant wife fled the capitalShangqiu.
2047 BC		Xiang's wife gave birth to a son,Shao Kang.
2007 BC		The people ofShangqiu welcomed an army loyal toShao into the city. Han committed suicide.

Year	Date	Event
1985 BC		Zhu of Xia becameking of theXia dynasty.
1968 BC		Zhu died. He was succeeded by his sonHuai of Xia.
1924 BC		Huai died. He was succeeded by his sonMang of Xia.
1906 BC		Mang was succeeded by his sonXie of Xia.

Year	Date	Event
1900 BC		TheErlitou culture appeared.
1890 BC		Xie was succeeded by his sonBu Jiang.
1831 BC		Bu abdicated in favor of his younger brotherJiong of Xia.
1831 BC		Mount Tai earthquake: An earthquake occurred atMount Tai.
1810 BC		Jiong was succeeded by his sonJin of Xia.

Year	Date	Event
1789 BC		Jin was succeeded by his cousin,Bu's sonKong Jia.
1758 BC		Kong was succeeded by his sonGao of Xia.
1747 BC		Gao was succeeded by his sonFa of Xia.
1728 BC		Fa was succeeded by his sonJie of Xia.

Year	Date	Event
1290 BC		Pan Geng becameking of theShang dynasty.
1290 BC		The capital of theShang dynasty was moved fromYan toYin.
1250 BC		Wu Ding becameking of theShang dynasty.
1250 BC		Oracle bones were first used for divination; evidence oforacle bone script first appears.

Year	Date	Event
1200 BC		Wu's wife, thegeneral andhigh priestess Fu Hao, died and was buried at thetomb of Fu Hao inYinxu.
1192 BC		Wu died. He was succeeded by his sonZu Geng of Shang.
1170 BC		Geng Ding becameking of theShang dynasty.
1147 BC		Geng was succeeded by his sonWu Yi of Shang.
1112 BC		Wu was killed by lightning while out hunting. He was succeeded by his sonWen Ding.
1101 BC		Wen was succeeded by his sonDi Yi.

Year	Date	Event
1076 BC		Di died.
1075 BC		Di was succeeded asking of theShang dynasty by his sonKing Zhou of Shang.
1050 BC		King Wen of Zhou died.
1047 BC		Zhou tookDaji as his concubine.
1046 BC		Battle of Muye: The forces of thepredynastic Zhou, led byKing Wu of Zhou and aided byShang dynasty defectors, dealt a bloody defeat to Shang forces at Muye, nearYinxu.
1046 BC		Zhou committed suicide by burning himself with his jewels on theDeer Terrace Pavilion.
1043 BC		Wu died.
1042 BC		Wu was succeeded by his sonKing Cheng of Zhou.
1034 BC		Chinese bronze inscriptions came into use.
1021 BC		Cheng died.
1020 BC		Cheng was succeeded by his sonKing Kang of Zhou.

Year	Date	Event
900 BC		Gong died.
899 BC		Gong's sonJi Jian, King Yi of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
892 BC		Ji Jian died.
891 BC		Ji Jian's uncle,Mu's sonKing Xiao of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
886 BC		Xiao died.
885 BC		Ji Jian's sonJi Xie, King Yi of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
878 BC		Ji Xie died.
877 BC		Ji Xie's sonKing Li of Zhou became king of theZhou dynasty.
842 BC		A popular revolt forcedLi into exile nearLinfen.
841 BC		TheGonghe Regency came into power.
828 BC		Li died.
827 BC		Li's sonKing Xuan of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.

Year	Date	Event
782 BC		Xuan died.
781 BC		Xuan's sonKing You of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
779 BC		You tookBao Si as his concubine.
771 BC		TheMarquess of Shen, whose daughter had been replaced byBao Si asqueen, led an attack onHaojing in alliance with theQuanrong.You and Bao's sonBofu were killed.
770 BC		You's sonKing Ping of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
770 BC		Ping moved theZhou capital east toLuoyang.
720 BC		Ping died.
719 BC		Ping's grandsonKing Huan of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
707 BC		Battle of Xuge:Huan, in coalition with theZhou vassal states Chen,Cai andWey, led a punitive expedition againstZheng. The coalition was defeated and Huan was wounded.

Year	Date	Event
697 BC		Huan died.
696 BC		Huan's sonKing Zhuang of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
685 BC		Duke Huan of Qi becameduke ofQi.
682 BC		Zhuang died.
681 BC		Zhuang's sonKing Xi of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
677 BC		Xi died.
676 BC		Xi's sonKing Hui of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
652 BC		Hui died.
651 BC		Hui's sonKing Xiang of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
645 BC		TheQi chancellor Guan Zhong died.
632 BC		Battle of Chengpu:Jin and its allies decisively defeated a coalition led byChu.
630 BC		Sunshu Ao was born.
619 BC		Xiang died.
618 BC		Xiang's sonKing Qing of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
613 BC		Qing died.
612 BC		Qing's sonKing Kuang of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
607 BC		Kuang died.
606 BC		Kuang's brotherKing Ding of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.

Year	Date	Event
600 BC		Knife money came into use.
595 BC		Battle of Bi:Chu decisively defeatedJin at Bi, near modernXingyang.
586 BC		Ding died.
585 BC		Ding's sonKing Jian of Zhou became king of theZhou dynasty.
575 BC		Battle of Yanling: A numerically superiorChu force was defeated byJin in modernYanling County.King Gong of Chu was injured.
572 BC		Jian died.
571 BC		Jian's sonKing Ling of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
551 BC		Confucius was born.
548 BC		The earliest surviving reference toGo appeared.
545 BC		Ling died.
544 BC		Ling's sonJi Gui, King Jing of Zhou became king of theZhou dynasty.
544 BC		The Chinese people were first divided into acaste system offour occupations.
543 BC		TheZheng prime ministerZichan established the state's first written civil code.
520 BC		Ji Gui died. He was succeeded by his sonKing Dao of Zhou.
520 BC		Dao was murdered by his brother.
519 BC		Dao's brotherJi Gai, King Jing of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
515 BC		TheWu king Liao was killed by the assassinZhuan Zhu.
514 BC		King Helü of Wu becameking ofWu.
506 BC		Battle of Boju:Wu decisively defeated a numerically superiorChu force atBoju.

Year	Date	Event
1000 BC		TheClassic of Poetry was compiled.
996 BC		Kang died.
976 BC		King Mu of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
964 BC		Mu led an unsuccessful expedition against theQuanrong.
922 BC		Mu died. He was succeeded by his sonKing Gong of Zhou.

Year	Date	Event
500 BC		Cast iron was first invented in China.
486 BC		TheWu king King Fuchai of Wu ordered the building of the Han Canal.
484 BC		Wu Zixu died.
482 BC		TheYue king King Goujian of Yue captured theWu capital in a surprise assault.
479 BC		The generally agreed upon date ofConfucius' death.
477 BC		Ji Gai died.
475 BC		Ji Gai's sonKing Yuan of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
473 BC		Wu was annexed byYue.
470 BC		Mozi was born.
469 BC		Yuan died.
518 BC		Yuan's sonKing Zhending of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
465 BC		Goujian died.
441 BC		Zhending died. He was succeeded by his sonKing Ai of Zhou.
		Ai was murdered and succeeded asking by his younger brotherKing Si of Zhou.
		Si was murdered by his brotherKing Kao of Zhou.
440 BC		Kao becameking of theZhou dynasty.
432 BC		Thetomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng was constructed.
426 BC		Kao died.
425 BC		Kao's sonKing Weilie of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
403 BC		Partition of Jin:Weilie recognized theJin noblesMarquess Wen of Wei,Marquess Lie of Zhao andMarquess Jing of Han asmarquesses, grantingde jure independence from Jin to the states ofWei,Zhao andHan.
402 BC		Weilie died.
401 BC		Weilie's sonKing An of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.

Year	Date	Event
400 BC		Gan De was born.
		Shi Shen was born.
		The earliest survivingChinese maps appeared.
		The first Chinesestar catalogue was compiled.
389 BC		TheZuo Zhuan was published.
386 BC		The city ofHandan was founded to serve as theZhao capital.
381 BC		TheChu prime ministerWu Qi was murdered by nobles at the funeral of itsking King Dao of Chu.
376 BC		An died.
375 BC		An's sonKing Lie of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
375 BC		Zheng was annexed byHan.
370 BC		Zhuang Zhou was born.
369 BC		Lie died.
368 BC		Lie's brotherKing Xian of Zhou becameking of theZhou dynasty.
361 BC		Duke Xiao of Qin becameduke ofQin.
356 BC		Xiao's adviserShang Yang implemented a legal code inQin based on theCanon of Laws which established punishment for complicity in a crime, established a system of military ranks, and implemented policies encouraging the cultivation of unsettled land.
354 BC		Battle of Guiling:Wei laid siege to theZhao capitalHandan.
353 BC		Battle of Guiling: TheWei army fledHandan in response to reports of aQi attack on their capitalDaliang and were defeated by Qi forces at Guiling, in modernChangyuan County.
342 BC		Battle of Maling:Qi dealtWei a bloody defeat.
342 BC		The crossbow was first used in China.
338 BC		Xiao died. He was succeeded by his sonKing Huiwen of Qin.
338 BC		Shang and his family were executed by dismemberment on charges of treason.
321 BC		Xian died.
320 BC		Xian's sonKing Shenjing of Zhou became king of theZhou dynasty.
319 BC		TheConfucian Mencius became aQi official.
316 BC		Sun Bin died.
		Shu was conquered and annexed byQin.
		Ba was conquered and annexed byQin.
315 BC		Shenjing died.
314 BC		Shenjing's sonKing Nan of Zhou became king of theZhou dynasty.
311 BC		Huiwen died.
310 BC		Huiwen's sonKing Wu of Qin became king ofQin.
310 BC		Xun Kuang was born.
307 BC		TheZhou king King Wuling of Zhao ordered his cavalry to begin wearing clothes fashioned after those of theDonghu andXiongnu peoples.
307 BC		Wu died.
306 BC		Wu's brotherKing Zhaoxiang of Qin becameking ofQin.
305 BC		Zou Yan was born. TheTsinghua Bamboo Slips were written.

Year	Date	Event
300 BC		Erya was published.
300 BC		TheGuodian Chu Slips were produced.
293 BC		Battle of Yique:Qin dealt a bloody defeat to aWei-Han alliance.
278 BC		Qin conquered theChu capitalYing.
278 BC		TheChu poetQu Yuan wroteLament for Ying and drowned himself in theMiluo River because he could not bear his exile any long or to his despair for the state of his fellow countrymen
262 BC	April	Battle of Changping:Zhao intercepted aQin invasion of thecommandery ofShangdang .
260 BC	July	Battle of Changping:Qin forces encircled theZhao army, forcing its surrender. The Zhao generalZhao Kuo was killed in action.
260 BC	July	Battle of Changping: The capturedZhao soldiers were executed.
259 BC	18 February	Qin Shi Huang is Born.
256 BC		Nan submitted toZhaoxiang and took the titleDuke of West Zhou.
		Nan died. His territory was annexed byQin.
		TheDujiangyan irrigation system was built.
251 BC		Zhaoxiang died.
250 BC		The first drawings of the repeating crossbow appeared inChu records.
	13 September	Zhaoxiang's sonKing Xiaowen of Qin becameking ofQin.
	15 September	Xiaowen died. He was succeeded by his sonKing Zhuangxiang of Qin.
247 BC	7 May	Zhuangxiang died. He was succeeded by his sonQin Shi Huang.
246 BC		TheZhengguo Canal was completed byZheng Guo ofQin.
230 BC		Qin's wars of unification:Qin invadedHan.
227 BC		Jing Ke failed in an assassination attempt onQin Shi Huang.
225 BC		Qin conqueredWei.
223 BC		Qin conqueredChu.
222 BC		Qin conqueredYan.
222 BC		Qin conqueredZhao.
221 BC		Qin conqueredQi.
221 BC		TheHeirloom Seal of the Realm was carved.
220 BC		Qin Shi Huang took the title Qin Shi Huang, firstemperor of China.
		Construction began on theGreat Wall of China.
		Chancellor Li Si standardized the Chinese writing system with the creation ofSmall Seal Script.
214 BC		TheLingqu Canal was built.
213 BC		Burning of books and burying of scholars: All copies of theClassic of Poetry, theBook of Documents and works of theHundred Schools of Thought were ordered burned.
210 BC	10 September	Qin Shi Huang died from mercury pills made by his alchemists and court physicians; ironically these pills were meant to make Qin Shi Huang immortal.
		Qin Shi Huang was buried with theTerracotta Army in theMausoleum of the First Qin Emperor.
	October	Qin Shi Huang's sonQin Er Shi succeeded him asemperor of China.
209 BC		TheXiongnuchanyuModu Chanyu established the Xiongnu Empire on theEurasian Steppe.
	July	Dazexiang Uprising: Military officersChen Sheng andWu Guang began a rebellion for fear of being executed after failing to arrive at their posts.
	December	Dazexiang Uprising:Chen Sheng andWu Guang were assassinated by their own men.
208 BC		Li was executed on charges of treason.Zhao Gao, who had framed him, was appointedchancellor in his stead.
207 BC		Battle of Julu:Chu forces led by the warlordXiang Yu defeated a numerically superiorQin force, killing a large fraction of the Qin army.
	October	Zhao Gao hadQin Er Shi killed. Qin Er Shi's nephewZiying succeeded him.
		TheChu generalEmperor Gaozu of Han entered theQin capitalXianyang.
	December	Ziying killedZhao.
	December	Ziying surrendered toGaozu.
206 BC		Feast at Hong Gate:Gaozu fled a banquet after it became clear thatXiang had invited him there to be killed.
206 BC		Xiang led an army intoXianyang, burned theEpang Palace and killedZiying and the royal family.
205 BC		Battle of Jingxing:Han forces dealt a decisive defeat to a numerically superiorZhao army atJingxing Pass.
204 BC		TheQin generalZhao Tuo established the state ofNanyue.
202 BC		Battle of Gaixia:Gaozu's Han forces destroyed theWestern Chu army led byXiang in modernSuzhou.
202 BC		Gaozu took the titleemperor and established his capital inLuoyang.

Year	Date	Event
200 BC		Battle of Baideng: TheXiongnu encircled and besieged a superiorHan force.
200 BC		The multi-tube seed drill was invented.
195 BC	1 June	Gaozu died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Hui of Han.
193 BC		TheHan chancellor Xiao He died.
190 BC		Chang'an became the eastern terminus of theSilk Road to Europe.
188 BC		Hui died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Qianshao of Han.
186 BC		Zhang Liang died.
184 BC		Qianshao was deposed and killed on the orders of theempress dowager Empress Lü Zhi. He was succeeded by his brotherEmperor Houshao of Han.
180 BC		Lü Clan Disturbance:Houshao was deposed by imperial officials led byChen Ping andZhou Bo. He was succeeded by his uncle,Gaozu's sonEmperor Wen of Han.
168 BC		TheMawongdui Silk Texts were buried atMawongdui.
157 BC	Summer	Wen died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Jing of Han.
141 BC	9 March	Jing died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Wu of Han.
140 BC		Wu adoptedConfucianism.
139 BC		TheEight Immortals of Huainan published theHuainanzi.
135 BC		Han campaigns against Minyue: TheHan dynasty invadedMinyue after a plea for assistance from itsvassal state Nanyue.
135 BC		Southward expansion of the Han dynasty: TheHan dynasty annexedMinyue.
133 BC	June	Battle of Mayi: AHan deception failed to lure theXiongnu into an ambush atMayi.
125 BC		Zhang Qian returned to theHan court to report on his travels to the kingdoms ofDayuan,Kangju, theGreco-Bactrian andIndo-Greek Kingdoms,Parthia andMesopotamia.
119 BC	January	Battle of Mobei: AHan expedition into theOrkhon Valley began which would deal a decisive and bloody defeat to theXiongnu.
111 BC		Han campaigns against Minyue: TheMinyue rump state of Dongyue was invaded and annexed by theHan dynasty.
111 BC		Han–Nanyue War: TheHan dynasty conquered and annexedNanyue.
109 BC		Han campaigns against Dian: TheHan dynasty invaded and annexed theDian Kingdom.
108 BC	December	Battle of Loulan:Han forces attacked theLoulan Kingdom atLop Nur.
102 BC		Han forces laid siege toKokand.

Year	Date	Event
100 BC		Steel was first used in China.
91 BC		Sima Qian completed theRecords of the Grand Historian.
87 BC	29 March	Wu died. He was succeeded by his young sonEmperor Zhao of Han, withHuo Guang,Jin Midi and Shangguang Jie acting as regents.
86 BC		Jin died.
74 BC		Zhao died.
	18 July	ThePrince of Changyi was appointedemperor ofHan byHuo Guang.
	14 August	ThePrince of Changyi was deposed.
		Huo appointedWu's great-grandson, then a commoner,Emperor Xuan of Han.
67 BC	December	Battle of Jushi:Han forces defeated the people of theGushi culture, at that time subject to theXiongnu, at Jiaohe in modernTurpan.
60 BC		TheProtectorate of the Western Regions was established.
49 BC		Xuan died.
48 BC		Xuan's sonEmperor Yuan of Han becameemperor of theHan dynasty.
48 BC		Consort Ban was born.
40 BC		The earliest surviving Chinese record of the treadle-operated tilt hammer appeared.
37 BC		Jing Fang died.
36 BC	December	Battle of Zhizhi: AHan force breached and destroyed a fortress occupied by theXiongnu chanyu Zhizhi Chanyu atTaraz, killing him.
33 BC		Yuan died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Cheng of Han.
30 BC		The earliest surviving mention of the wheelbarrow appeared.
18 BC		Liu Xiang compiled theBiographies of Exemplary Women.
7 BC		Cheng died. He was succeeded by his nephewEmperor Ai of Han.
1 BC		Ai died.
1 BC		Ai's young cousinEmperor Ping of Han was appointedemperor of theHan dynasty, withWang Mang acting as regent.

Year	Date	Event
1		The first model of a stern-mountedrudder was produced.
2		A census counted fifty-nine million people in theHan empire.
3		Ping established a national school system.Ban Biao, first author of theBook of Han, is born.
6	3 February	Ping died after being poisoned byWang, who became actingemperor.
8		Liu Xin completed a star catalogue and calculated the length of the year.
9		Wang declared himselfemperor of theXin dynasty.
9		Wang introduced thewell-field system of land distribution and agricultural production.
10		Wang introduced an income tax of ten percent for professionals and skilled laborers.
10		Wang outlawed the private use of crossbows.
12		Wang abandoned thewell-field system under pressure from the aristocracy.
17		Wang imposed government monopolies on liquor, salt, iron, coinage, forestry, and fishing.
17		Mother Lü initiated a rebellion against a county magistrate in Haiqu County, near modernRizhao.
18		Yang Xiong died.
23		Battle of Kunyang:Lülin forces broke the siege of Kunyang, in modernYe County, by a vastly superiorXin army.
23	6 October	Lülin rebels stormed theWeiyang Palace and killedWang. TheGengshi Emperor ascended the throne, restoring theHan dynasty.
25		Red Eyebrows Rebellions: TheGengshi Emperor was executed.
		Red Eyebrows Rebellions: The Red Eyebrows appointedLiu Penzi their emperor.
	5 August	TheHan warlordEmperor Guangwu of Han took the titleemperor.
27		Red Eyebrows Rebellions: The Red Eyebrows surrendered to theHan dynasty.
31		Du Shi invented waterwheel-powered bellows for smelting cast iron.
32		Ban Gu, co-author of theBook of Han, is born.
33		A blockade of theYangtze River by the rebel Gongsun Shu was broken byHan castle ships.
43		Second Chinese domination of Vietnam: Vietnam fell intoHan control.
45		Ban Zhao, China's first female historian, is born.
52		TheYuejue Shu was written.
57	29 March	Guangwu died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Ming of Han.
58		TheHan chancellor Deng Yu died.
65		Ming's half brotherLiu Ying converted toBuddhism.
68		TheBuddhist White Horse Temple was established inLuoyang.
73	February	Battle of Yiwulu: A punitiveHan expedition against theXiongnu captured territory in the area of modernHami City.
75		Ming died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Zhang of Han.
83		Wang Chong correctly theorized the nature of thewater cycle.
87		Yuan An was appointedsitu.
88		Zhang died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor He of Han.
89	June	Battle of the Altai Mountains:Han and allied forces defeated the army of theNorthern Chanyu and accepted the surrender of two hundred thousandXiongnu soldiers in theAltai Mountains.
97		TheHan generalBan Chao sent the envoyGan Ying to the outskirts of theRoman Empire.
100		Xu Shen completed theShuowen Jiezi.

Year	Date	Event
105		Cai Lun invented papermaking.
	13 February	He died.
		He's infant sonEmperor Shang of Han was madeemperor ofHan withempress dowager Deng Sui acting as regent.
106		Shang died.
106		Shang's young cousinEmperor An of Han becameemperor, withDeng Sui continuing to act as regent.
111		Ban Zhao completed theBook of Han.
120		Zhang Heng completed a star catalogue which also argued for a spherical moon that reflects light.
125		Zhang invented the first hydraulic-poweredarmillary sphere.
		The earliest known Chinese depiction of a mechanical distance-markingodometer was drawn.
	30 April	An died.
		TheMarquess of Beixiang becameemperor of theHan dynasty.
		TheMarquess of Beixiang died.
		An's sonEmperor Shun of Han becameemperor of theHan dynasty.
132		Zhang invented a seismometer capable of indicating the direction of earthquakes.
132		Cai Yong was born.
142		TheCantong qi was published.
144		Shun died. He was succeeded by his infant sonEmperor Chong of Han, withempress dowager Liang Na and her brotherLiang Ji acting as regents.
145		Chong died.
145		Chong's young third cousinEmperor Zhi of Han becameemperor of theHan dynasty, withLiang Na acting as regent.
146		Liang Ji poisonedZhi, killing him.
146	1 August	Emperor Huan of Han becameemperor of theHan dynasty.
147		Lokaksema was born.
148		TheBuddhist missionaryAn Shigao arrived in China.
166		Sino-Roman relations: ARoman envoy arrived at theHan capitalLuoyang.
166		Disasters of the Partisan Prohibitions: Several ministers and some two hundred university students, who had opposed the influence of corrupt eunuchs at the royal court, were arrested.
168		Huan died.
168		Emperor Ling of Han becameemperor of theHan dynasty.
177		Cai Wenji was born.
179		The earliest known reference toThe Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art appeared.
180		Ding Huan invented the rotary fan.
184		Yellow Turban Rebellion: TheTaoist sect leaderZhang Jue called on his followers in theHan provinces to rebel against the government.
184	Winter	Liang Province Rebellion: TheQiang people launched a rebellion againstHan authority in the area of modernWuwei.
185		Zhi Yao first translatedBuddhist texts into Chinese.
189	13 May	Ling died.
		Ling's sonLiu Bian becameemperor of theHan dynasty.
		Forces loyal to the warlordsYuan Shao andYuan Shu massacred some two thousand eunuchs in theHan capitalLuoyang.
	28 September	TheHan generalDong Zhuo deposedLiu Bian asemperor and appointed his brotherEmperor Xian of Han in his stead.
190	February	Campaign against Dong Zhuo: A coalition led byYuan Shao gathered atHangu Pass in anticipation of an expedition againstDong.
192	22 May	Dong was assassinated by his foster sonLü Bu.
194		Sun Ce's conquests in Jiangdong: The warlordSun Ce attacked and conquered territory administered byLu Kang.
197		War between Cao Cao and Zhang Xiu almost take Cao Cao's life. Cao Cao's oldest son perished in the battle, but Zhang Xiu later (199) surrendered to Cao Cao to face Yuan Shao together.
198	Winter	Battle of Xiapi: The allied forces of the warlordsCao Cao andLiu Bei defeated an army loyal toLü Bu inXuzhou.
200	November	Battle of Guandu: Forces loyal toCao Cao dealt a bloody defeat toYuan Shao near the confluence of theBian andYellow Rivers.

Year	Date	Event
204		The warlordGongsun Kang established theDaifang Commandery on theKorean Peninsula.
208	Winter	Battle of Red Cliffs: Forces loyal to the warlordsLiu Bei andSun Quan decisively repelledCao Cao in an attempted invasion across theYangtze River.
211	September	Battle of Tong Pass:Cao Cao defeated an alliance of anti-Han rebels in modernTongguan County, securing his control overGuanzhong.
215		Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province:Liu Zhang, the governor ofYi Province in modernSichuan andChongqing, surrenderedChengdu toLiu Bei.
215		Battle of Xiaoyao Ford: A plague outbreak forcedSun Quan to abandon the attempted conquest fromCao Cao of a fortress atHefei.
219		Battle of Han River:Liu Bei ambushed and dealt a bloody defeat toCao Cao's army inHanzhong.
	September	Battle of Fancheng:Cao Cao repelled an attack byLiu Bei's generalGuan Yu in modernFancheng District, at great cost to both sides.
	December	Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province:Liu Bei'sgenerals Shi Ren andMi Fang defected toSun Quan, surrendering to his generalLü Meng the main defense posts ofJingzhou.
220	10 December	End of the Han dynasty:Cao Cao's sonCao Pi forcedXian to abdicate the throne and declared himselfemperor ofCao Wei.
221		Liu Bei declared himselfemperor ofShu Han.
221		Battle of Xiaoting: TheShu Han generals Wu Ban andFeng Xi attacked and destroyed anEastern Wu army atWu Gorge.
222		Sun Quan declared himselfking ofEastern Wu.
222		Battle of Xiaoting:Eastern Wu forces attacked and burned theShu Han camps and dealt serious casualties during their retreat.
223	10 June	Liu Bei died. He was succeeded by his sonLiu Shan, withLi Yan andchancellor Zhuge Liang acting as regents.
225	Autumn	Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign: The rebel leaderMeng Huo surrenderedNanzhong toZhuge Liang.
226	29 June	Cao Pi died. He was succeeded byCao Rui, who may have been his son or his wifeLady Zhen's by a previous marriage toYuan Xi.
228		Battle of Jieting:Cao Wei forces encircled and destroyed aShu Han army guarding the supply line for an invasion in modernQin'an County.
228		Battle of Shiting: ACao Wei army was lured into an ambush byEastern Wu in modernQianshan County and dealt heavy casualties on its retreat.
229		Sun Quan declared himselfemperor ofEastern Wu.
232		Cao Zhi died.
234	Autumn	Battle of Wuzhang Plains:Shu Han forces made an orderly retreat fromCao Wei forces on theWuzhang Plains afterZhuge Liang fell ill and died.
239	22 January	Cao Rui died. He was succeeded by his young adopted sonCao Fang, withCao Shuang andSima Yi acting as regents.
244	April	Battle of Xingshi:Shu Han forces stalled aCao Wei invasion at Mount Xingshi in the modernChangqing National Nature Reserve.
247		Jiang Wei's Northern Expeditions:Cao Wei pushed back an invasion by theShu Han generalJiang Wei across theTao River.
248		Eastern Wu forces killed the Vietnamese rebelLady Triệu.
249		Incident at Gaoping Tombs:Sima Yi took control of theCao Wei capitalLuoyang duringCao Fang andCao Shuang's absence.
252		Sun Quan died. He was succeeded by his young sonSun Liang, with the generalZhuge Ke acting as regent.
254		Sima Yi's son, the regentSima Shi, deposedCao Fang, who was succeeded byCao Pi's grandsonCao Mao.
255		Ma Jun invented the south-pointing chariot.
258		Sun Liang was deposed by the regentSun Chen.
258		Sun Liang's brotherSun Xiu was madeemperor ofEastern Wu.
260		Coup of Cao Mao:Cao Mao was murdered in a failed attempt to kill the regentSima Zhao at his residence.
260		Cao Cao's grandsonCao Huan was madeemperor ofCao Wei.
263	November	Conquest of Shu by Wei: TheCao Wei generalDeng Ai accepted the surrender of theShu Han emperor Liu Shan outside the capitalChengdu.
263		Liu Hui published a revised version ofThe Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art.
264	3 September	Sun Xiu died.
264		Sun Quan's grandsonSun Hao was madeemperor ofEastern Wu.
265		Cao Wei instituted thenine-rank system of civil servants.
	6 September	Sima Zhao died. His eldest son and heir,Sima Yan, inherited his position as regent ofCao Wei and noble title of King of Jin.
		Pei Xiu introduced the grid reference and the concept of scale to Chinese mapmaking.
266	4 February	Cao Huan, last emperor ofCao Wei, abdicated in favour ofSima Yan.
	8 February	Sima Yan formally enthroned himself as Emperor of Jin, establishing theJin dynasty. Sima Yan is posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Jin.
	20 March	Emperor Wu of Jin established his wifeYang Yan as Empress.
267	4 February	Emperor Wu of Jin established his oldest living son, the developmentally disabledSima Zhong, as Heir.
280	15 March	Conquest of Wu by Jin:Sun Hao presented himself as a prisoner to theJin generalWang Jun.
280		Chen Shou compiled theRecords of the Three Kingdoms.
290	17 May	Emperor Wu died. He was succeeded by his developmentally disabled sonEmperor Hui of Jin, withYang Jun acting as regent.
291		War of the Eight Princes:Hui's wifeJia Nanfeng invited troops loyal to his brotherSima Wei into theJin capitalLuoyang to imprison theempress dowager Empress Yang Zhi and her relatives.

Year	Date	Event
304		TheXiongnu nobleLiu Yuan declared himself prince ofFormer Zhao.
304		TheDi warlordLi Xiong declared himself prince ofCheng Han.
307	8 January	Hui was poisoned, probably by the regentSima Yue.
307		Hui's brotherEmperor Huai of Jin becameemperor of theJin dynasty.
311		Huai was kidnapped from the capitalLuoyang byFormer Zhao forces.
313		Goguryeo conquered and annexed theLelang Commandery.
	14 March	Huai was executed.
		Huai's nephewEmperor Min of Jin becameemperor of theJin dynasty.
316		Min surrendered to theFormer Zhao generalLiu Yao during a siege of theJin capitalChang'an.
317		Emperor Yuan of Jin declared himself prince ofJin, with his capital atJiankang.
318		Min was executed.
319		TheJie warlordShi Le declared himself prince ofLater Zhao.
320		Zhang Mao issued a general pardon to the people ofFormer Liang.
322		The first accurate tomb depiction of stirrups appeared.
323	3 January	Yuan died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Ming of Jin.
324		The rebelWang Dun died.
325	18 October	Ming died. He was succeeded by his young sonEmperor Cheng of Jin.
328		The rebelSu Jun was defeated by theJin generalsTao Kan andWen Jiao.
329		TheLater Zhao generalShi Hu captured Shanggui in modernTianshui and killed theFormer Zhao emperor Liu Xi and his nobility.
337	23 November	TheXianbei Murong Huang declared himself prince ofFormer Yan.
342	26 June	Cheng died. He was succeeded by his brotherEmperor Kang of Jin.
344	17 November	Kang died. He was succeeded by his infant sonEmperor Mu of Jin.
347		TheJin generalHuan Wen captured theCheng Han capitalChengdu.
351		TheJin general andDi chiefFu Jian declared himselfTian Wang ofFormer Qin.
351		TheLater Zhao emperorShi Zhi and his court were killed by one of hisgenerals on the orders of the warlordRan Min.
353		Wang Xizhi wrote theLantingji Xu.
361	10 July	Mu died.
361		Mu's cousinEmperor Ai of Jin becameemperor of theJin dynasty.
365	30 March	Ai died. He was succeeded by his brotherEmperor Fei of Jin.
366		Gu Kaizhi became aJin officer.
369		AJin army led byHuan was annihilated as it retreated from theFormer Yan capitalYe by the generalMurong Chui.
370		TheFormer Yan emperor Murong Wei was captured by theFormer Qin prime ministerWang Meng.
372	6 January	Huan deposedFei in favor of his granduncleEmperor Jianwen of Jin.
372	12 September	Jianwen died. He was succeeded by his young sonEmperor Xiaowu of Jin.
376	26 September	Duke Zhang Tianxi ofFormer Liang surrendered toFormer Qin.
383	November	Battle of Fei River: AJin army defeated a massively largerFormer Qin force, inflicting some seven hundred thousand casualties and expanding Jin territory north to theYellow River.
384		TheXianbei Former Qin generalMurong Chui declared himself prince ofLater Yan.
384		TheFormer Qin generalYao Chang declared himself prince ofLater Qin.
385		TheXianbei chief andFormer Qin vassalQifu Guoren joined an active rebellion and declared the independence ofWestern Qin.
386	20 February	Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei declared himself prince ofNorthern Wei.
386		TheFormer Qin generalLü Guang declared himselfTian Wang of the majority-Di Later Liang.
394		TheFormer Qin emperor Fu Chong was killed and his territory annexed byWestern Qin forces.
396		Xiaowu was suffocated by one of hisconcubines. He was succeeded by his young and severely disabled sonEmperor An of Jin.
397		Xiongnu rebels established theNorthern Liang, with theHan Duan Ye as king.
397		TheXianbei chiefTufa Wugu declared the independence ofSouthern Liang fromLater Liang.
398		Murong Chui's brotherMurong De declared himself prince ofSouthern Yan.
399		Faxian left for India to acquireBuddhist texts.
400		Sixcommanderies ofNorthern Liang seceded asWestern Liang, under the kingship of theHan Li Gao.

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Prehistory

3rd millennium BC

Antiquity

22nd century BC

21st century BC

2nd–1st millenia BC

20th century BC

19th century BC

18th century BC

17th century BC

16th century BC

15th century BC

13th century BC

12th century BC

11th century BC

10th century BC

9th century BC

8th century BC

7th century BC

6th century BC

5th century BC

4th century BC

3rd century BC

2nd century BC

1st century BC

1st–2nd millennia

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

4th century

5th century

6th century

7th century

8th century

9th century

10th century

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

Timeline of Chinese dynasties

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Year	Date	Event
403		Under military pressure fromSouthern Liang andNorthern Liang, theLater Liang emperor Lü Long surrendered his capital Guzang, in modernWuwei, to theLater Qin emperorYao Xing.
404		Huiyuan wroteOn Why Monks Do Not Bow Down Before Kings, arguing for the independence ofBuddhist clergy from the monarchy.
405		Tao Yuanming retired.
407		TheLater Yan emperor Murong Xi was beheaded by his adoptive nephew, the Korean peopleGao Yun, who became emperor of the successor state ofNorthern Yan.
407		TheLater Qin generalHelian Bobo declared himselfTian Wang of the majority-Xiongnu Xia.
410	25 March	TheSouthern Yan emperor Murong Chao was executed byJin along with his court and nobility.
414		Western Qin conquered theSouthern Liang capital Ledu, in modernHaidong.
417		TheLater Qin emperor Yao Hong surrendered to theJin generalEmperor Wu of Liu Song.
419	28 January	An was strangled onWu's orders and succeeded by his brotherEmperor Gong of Jin.
420		Wu deposedGong, marking the beginning of theLiu Song dynasty.
421		TheWestern Liang princeLi Xun committed suicide during the siege of his capitalDunhuang byNorthern Liang.
431	Summer	TheWestern Qin princeQifu Mumo was executed along with his nobility by theXia emperor Helian Ding.
431		Helian Ding was captured by thekhan ofTuyuhun.
436	4 June	TheNorthern Yan emperor Feng Hong fled the capitalHelong in the face of an attack byNorthern Wei.
460		Juqu Anzhou, the prince ofNorthern Liang in exile inGaochang, was killed with his family by theRouran Khaganate.
475		Bodhidharma arrived in China.
477		The oldest known painted depiction of a horse collar was made in theMogao Caves.
479		TheLiu Song emperor Emperor Shun of Liu Song was deposed by his generalEmperor Gao of Southern Qi.
485		TheNorthern Wei emperor Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei introduced theequal-field system.
496		Change of Xianbei names to Han names:Xianbei names were converted toHan names inNorthern Wei.

Year	Date	Event
502		The youngSouthern Qi emperor Emperor He of Southern Qi was deposed by his generalEmperor Wu of Liang.
523		TheSongyue Pagoda was built.
534		TheNorthern Wei emperor Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei fled the capitalLuoyang toChang'an at the advance of his generalGao Huan.
534		Gao Huan appointedEmperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei emperor ofEastern Wei with his capital atYe.
535-536		Extreme weather events. Snow reportedly falls in August, which caused harvests to be delayed.
543		TheYupian was completed.
550	5 June	TheEastern Wei generalEmperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi deposedXiaojing and established the state ofNorthern Qi.
557		TheLiang generalEmperor Wu of Chen deposed theemperor Emperor Jing of Liang, establishing theChen dynasty.
557	15 February	TheWestern Wei generalYuwen Hu deposed theemperor Emperor Gong of Western Wei in favor of his own cousinEmperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou, establishing the successor state ofNorthern Zhou.
577	4 February	TheNorthern Qi emperor Gao Heng and his father, theTaishang HuangGao Wei, were executed with their family byNorthern Zhou.
581		TheNorthern Zhou emperor Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou was forced to abdicate in favor of his regentEmperor Wen of Sui, initiating theSui dynasty.
582		Compilation began of theJingdian Shiwen.
589		Yan Zhitui first referred to toilet paper.
589	10 February	Sui forces captured theChen capitalJiankang and its emperorChen Shubao.
598		Goguryeo–Sui War: ASui army of some three hundred thousand, led by the generalYang Liang, invadedGoguryeo.

Year	Date	Event
601		TheQieyun was published.
602		Sui–Former Lý War:Sui conquered and annexed theEarly Lý dynasty.
604	13 August	Wen died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Yang of Sui.
605		Theimperial examination was first used as the sole criterion for appointing local officials inSui.
605		TheZhaozhou Bridge was completed.
607		Japanese missions to Sui China: TheWa emissaryOno no Imoko arrived inSui.
609		TheGrand Canal was completed.
610		Engineers Geng Xun and Yuwen Kai invented an improved water clock.
610		Yang ordered hiscommanderies to submit maps and gazetteers to the central government.
611		TheFour Gates Pagoda was completed.
612		Battle of Salsu:Goguryeo routed aSui invasion force at theChongchon River, inflicting some three hundred thousand casualties.
616		Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas first visited China.
617	18 December	The rebelEmperor Gaozu of Tang, in control of theSui capitalChang'an, declaredYangTaishang Huang and his grandsonYang You emperor.
618	12 June	Transition from Sui to Tang:Gaozu deposedYang You.
621	28 May	Battle of Hulao:Tang forces defeated and captured the warlordDou Jiande atHulao Pass.
624		Ouyang Xun completed theYiwen Leiju.
626	2 July	Xuanwu Gate Incident:Gaozu's sonEmperor Taizong of Tang assassinated his brothersLi Yuanji and thecrown prince Li Jiancheng.
626	4 September	Gaozu retired.Taizong succeeded him.
630		Tang campaign against the Eastern Turks:Tang forces captured thekhan of theEastern Turkic Khaganate in theYin Mountains.
635		The first Christian missionaries arrived in China.
		Nestorian monks fromAnatolia and theSasanian Empire built theDaqin Pagoda.
		Alopen wrote theJesus Sutras.
		Emperor Taizong's campaign against Tuyuhun: TheTuyuhunkhanMurong Fuyun, in flight fromTang forces and with much of his army destroyed, was killed by his officers.
		TheBook of Liang was published.
636		TheXumi Pagoda was completed.
636		TheBook of Chen,Book of Northern Qi,Book of Zhou, andBook of Sui were compiled.
638		Tibetan attack on Songzhou:Tibetan forces raided the city of Songzhou, in modernSongpan County.
640		TheProtectorate General to Pacify the West was established.
640		Tang campaign against Karakhoja:Tang defeated and annexedGaochang.
641		Emperor Taizong's campaign against Xueyantuo:Taizong sent his generalLi Shiji to support the restoration of theEastern Turkic Khaganate underQilibi Khan againstXueyantuo.
643		Taizong commissionedYan Liben to paint portraits of his officials atLingyan Pavilion.
644		Tang campaigns against Karasahr: ATang army capturedKarasahr and installed a friendly king.
645	20 July	First campaign in the Goguryeo–Tang War:Tang forces dispersed aGoguryeo army which had arrived in defense ofAnsi City.
646		Bianji compiled theGreat Tang Records on the Western Regions.
647		TheProtectorate General to Pacify the North was established.
648		TheBook of Jin was compiled.
648		Tang campaigns against Karasahr:Tang forces captured the king ofKarasahr.
649		Thefour arts were first written of as skills required of a Chinesescholar-official.
	19 January	Tang campaign against Kucha:Kucha surrendered toTang forces.
	10 July	Taizong died.
	15 July	Taizong's sonEmperor Gaozong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
657		Gaozong commissioned the compilation of amateria medica.
657		Battle of Irtysh River:Tang forces ambushed and largely destroyed the army of theWestern Turkic Khaganate at theIrtysh River.
659		TheHistory of the Southern Dynasties and theHistory of the Northern Dynasties were completed.
663		Battle of Baekgang: The allied navies ofSilla and theTang dynasty defeated a combinedBaekje restorationist and Japanese force in the lower reaches of theGeum River.
666		The ChineseBuddhist monks Zhiyu and Zhiyou crafted a mechanical south-pointing chariot for the Japaneseemperor Emperor Tenji.
668		TheProtectorate General to Pacify the East was established.
683	27 December	Gaozong died.
684		TheQianling Mausoleum was completed.
684		Luo Binwang died.
690	16 October	Gaozong's wifeWu Zetian becameemperor of theTang dynasty. She was the only generally recognized female emperor in Chinese history.
692		Tang forces reconquered theFour Garrisons of Anxi fromTibet.
700		TheDunhuang map was created.

Year	Date	Event
704		TheGiant Wild Goose Pagoda was rebuilt.
705	22 February	Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of her sonEmperor Zhongzong of Tang.
705	23 February	Zhongzong becameemperor ofTang.
709		TheSmall Wild Goose Pagoda was completed.
710		Liu Zhiji compiled theShitong.
		Shangguan Wan'er died.
	3 July	Zhongzong died after being poisoned, probably by his wifeEmpress Wei.
	8 July	Zhongzong's sonEmperor Shang of Tang becameemperor ofTang, withWei acting as regent.
	25 July	Acoup led byGaozong's daughterPrincess Taiping and grandsonEmperor Xuanzong of Tang killedWei and deposedShang in favor of his uncle, Gaozong's sonEmperor Ruizong of Tang.
712	8 September	Ruizong abdicated the throne toXuanzong.
712		ThePear Garden was established.
713		TheKaiyuan Za Bao was first published.
715		First encounter between the Tang dynasty and theUmayyad Arabs. Tang dynasty defeats the Arab occupation force inFergana Valley, reinstallsIkhshid on the throne.
717		Arabs attackTransoxiana hoping to capture the Tang dynasty'sFour Garrisons of Anxi district, but are routed in theBattle of Aksu.
725		Yi Xing invented a water-powered armillary sphere.
729		Gautama Siddha completed the compilation of theTreatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era.
740		Wu Daozi died.
740		Meng Haoran died.
744		Du Fu andLi Bai first met.
751	July	Battle of Talas: After the defection of theirKarluk mercenaries, aTang force was defeated by a vastly superiorAbbasid-Tibetan allied army on theTalas River, probably near modernTalas.
755	16 December	An Lushan Rebellion: TheTangjiedushiAn Lushan declared himselfemperor ofYan.
755		Zhang Xuan died.
756	Spring	Battle of Yongqiu:Yan forces retreated from their siege of aTang fortress in Yongqiu, in modernKaifeng.
	12 August	TheTang army declaredXuanzong's sonEmperor Suzong of Tang emperor atLingwu.
	10 September	Xuanzong recognizedSuzong as emperor.
757		Battle of Suiyang:Yan forces finally conquered Suiyang, in modernSuiyang District, after a siege that cost the lives of some sixty thousand Yan soldiers and thirty thousandTang civilians were lost to starvation and cannibalism.
758		Arab andPersian pirates looted and burned theTang seaport ofGuangzhou.
759		Wang Wei died.
760		Lu Yu composedThe Classic of Tea.
760		Yangzhou massacre (760): Arab and Persian merchants are killed by Chinese rebels.
762	16 May	Suzong died of a heart attack.
	18 May	Suzong's sonEmperor Daizong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
		Du Huan wrote theJingxingji.
763		An Lushan Rebellion: TheYan emperorShi Chaoyi committed suicide in flight fromTang forces.
779	23 May	Daizong died.
779	12 June	Daizong's sonEmperor Dezong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
781		TheNestorian Stele was composed.
783		Han Gan died.
785		TheTang officialJia Dan began work on a map of Tang and its former colonies.
794		Prince Li Gao ordered the construction of the first Chinese paddle-wheel ships.

Year	Date	Event
801		Du You completed theTongdian.
805	25 February	Dezong died.
	28 February	Dezong's sonEmperor Shunzong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
	31 August	Shunzong abdicated in favor of his sonEmperor Xianzong of Tang.
806		Xianzong launched the first of a series of military campaigns against the provinces.
820	14 February	Xianzong died, possibly after being poisoned by one of his eunuch officers.
820	20 February	Xianzong's sonEmperor Muzong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
824	25 February	Muzong died.
	29 February	Muzong's young sonEmperor Jingzong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
		Han Yu died.
827	9 January	Jingzong was assassinated.
827	13 January	Jingzong's brotherEmperor Wenzong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
831		AnUyghur sued the son of aTang general for failure to repay a debt.
840	10 February	Wenzong died.
840	20 February	Wenzong's brotherEmperor Wuzong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
843		A large fire consumed four thousand buildings in an eastern neighborhood of theTang capitalChang'an.
845		Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution:Wuzong abolishedBuddhist monasteries as well as establishments ofZoroastrianism and Christianity, which were thought to be Buddhistheresies.
846	22 April	Wuzong died.
	25 April	Wuzong's uncle,Xianzong's sonEmperor Xuānzong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
		Bai Juyi died.
851		TheArab merchantSulaiman al-Tajir visitedGuangzhou.
852		Du Mu died.
853		Duan Chengshi published theMiscellaneous Morsels from Youyang.
858		A flood along theGrand Canal and on theNorth China Plain killed tens of thousands.
859	7 September	Xuānzong died.
859	13 September	Xuānzong's sonEmperor Yizong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
863		Duan Chengshi published a work describing the slave trade, ivory trade and ambergris trade in Bobali, probably modernBerbera.
868	11 May	TheDiamond Sutra was printed.
873	15 August	Yizong died.
873	16 August	Yizong's sonEmperor Xizong of Tang becameemperor of theTang dynasty.
874		Wang Xianzhi launched a rebellion against theTang government.
879		Guangzhou massacre: The rebelHuang Chao burned and lootedGuangzhou and killed as many as two hundred thousand foreigners, mainly Arabs and Persians.
884	13 July	Huang was murdered with his immediate family while in flight fromTang forces.
888	20 April	Xizong died. He was succeeded by his brotherEmperor Zhaozong of Tang.

Year	Date	Event
904	22 September	Zhaozong was killed on the orders of the warlordZhu Wen, then in control of theTang capitalChang'an.
904	26 September	Zhu Wen appointedZhaozong's young sonEmperor Ai of Tang emperor of theTang dynasty.
907	27 February	TheKhitan chieftainAbaoji becameemperor of theLiao dynasty.
	12 May	Zhu Wen deposedAi and declared himselfemperor ofLater Liang. The princesYang Wo andWang Jian, who did not recognize Zhu Wen, becamede facto independent, as did their statesWu andFormer Shu, respectively.
		Zhu Wen createdQian Liu the prince ofWuyue.
		Zhu Wen createdMa Yin, thejiedushi of theWu'an Circuit, prince ofChu.
909	27 April	Zhu Wen createdWang Shenzhi prince ofMin.
917		The earliest Chinese reference to Greek fire appeared.
917	5 September	Liu Yan declared himselfemperor ofSouthern Han.
919		The flamethrower was first described in China.
923	13 May	PrinceLi Cunxu ofJin declared himselfemperor ofLater Tang.
923	18 November	TheLater Liang emperor Zhu Youzhen was killed by one of hisgenerals at the approach ofLi Cunxu to his capitalDaliang.
924	14 April	Gao Jixing declared himselfking ofJingnan.
925	15 December	TheFormer Shu emperor Wang Zongyan surrendered to theLater Tang army at his capitalChengdu.
926	6 September	Abaoji died.
927	11 December	Abaoji's sonEmperor Taizong of Liao becameemperor of theLiao dynasty.
934	16 March	Meng Zhixiang, theLater Tangjiedushi of the territory of the defunctFormer Shu, declared himselfemperor ofLater Shu.
936	28 November	Taizong recognized theShatuo Later Tang generalShi Jingtang emperor ofLater Jin in exchange for the promised cession of theSixteen Prefectures that formed a natural border around theNorth China Plain.
937	11 January	TheLater Tang emperor Li Congke burned himself to death with his family and servants as the joint armies ofLiao andLater Jin approached his capitalLuoyang.
937	10 November	TheWu emperor Yang Pu was deposed by his generalLi Bian, who declared himself emperor of the Wu successor state ofSouthern Tang.
945	2 October	Min was conquered and annexed bySouthern Tang.
947	11 January	TheLater Jin emperor Shi Chonggui was deposed and his territory annexed by theLiao dynasty.
	10 March	TheShatuo Liu Zhiyuan, ajiedushi of the defunctLater Jin, declared himselfemperor ofLater Han.
	15 May	Taizong died.
	16 May	Taizong's nephewEmperor Shizong of Liao, whom he had raised, becameemperor of theLiao dynasty.
950		The earliest known depiction of a fire lance and lobbed grenade appeared.
951	2 January	TheLater Han emperor Liu Chengyou was killed by one of his officers while attempting to escape the siege of the capitalYe by his generalGuo Wei.
	13 February	Guo Wei declared himselfemperor ofLater Zhou.
	7 October	Shizong was murdered by one of his officers.
	11 October	Shizong's cousin,Taizong's sonEmperor Muzong of Liao becameemperor of theLiao dynasty.
		Southern Tang conquered and annexedChu.
		Liu Zhiyuan's brotherLiu Chong declared himself declared himselfemperor ofNorthern Han.
960		Gu Hongzhong painted theNight Revels of Han Xizai.
	3 February	Emperor Guo Zongxun ofLater Zhou was overthrown by his generalEmperor Taizu of Song.
	4 February	Taizu becameemperor of theSong dynasty.
		Taizu was presented with gunpowder-impregnated fire arrows.
		TheHundred Family Surnames was composed.
961		TheHuqiu Tower was built.
963		TheSong dynasty conquered and annexedJingnan.
965	23 February	TheLater Shu emperor Meng Chang surrendered to theSong army at his capitalChengdu.
969	12 March	Muzong was murdered by his servants on a hunting trip.
969	13 March	Shizong's sonEmperor Jingzong of Liao becameemperor of theLiao dynasty.
971		Southern Han was conquered and annexed by theSong dynasty.
974		Song troops constructed a floating pontoon bridge across theYangtze River in order to secure supply lines while fighting against theSouthern Tang.
976	1 January	Song forces conquered and annexedSouthern Tang.
	14 November	Taizu died.
	15 November	Taizu's brotherEmperor Taizong of Song becameemperor of theSong dynasty.
		TheYuelu Academy was founded.
977		The pagoda of theLonghua Temple was built.
978		TheTaiping Guangji was completed.
978		TheWuyue king Qian Chu surrendered his territory toTaizong.
979		TheNorthern Han emperor Liu Jiyuan surrendered toSong.
981		Battle of Bạch Đằng: ASong naval invasion of theEarly Lê dynasty via theBạch Đằng River was aborted after the land invasion was stalled.
982	13 October	Jingzong died.
982	14 October	Jingzong's young sonEmperor Shengzong of Liao became emperor, with his widowEmpress Xiao Yanyan acting as regent.
983		TheTaiping Yulan was completed.
984		Qiao Weiyo invented the canal pound lock.
986		TheWenyuan Yinghua was completed.
990		Fan Kuan was born.
993	November	First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War:Liao forces invadedGoryeo.
997		TheLongkan Shoujian was completed.
997	8 May	Taizong died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Zhenzong.
1000		The Chinese first used coke in place of charcoal for blast furnaces.

Year	Date	Event
1005		Song signed theChanyuan Treaty, under which it agreed to payLiao an annual tribute in silk and silver.
1008		TheGuangyun was completed.
1010		Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War:Liao captured theGoryeo generalKang Cho and burned the capitalKaesong.
1010		An atlas of China was completed.
1013		Cefu Yuangui was completed.
1018		Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War:Liao invadedGoryeo.
1019	10 March	Battle of Kuju:Goryeo forces decisively defeated a retreatingLiao army at Kuju, near modernKusong.
1022	23 March	Zhenzong died.
1022	24 March	Zhenzong's sonEmperor Renzong of Song becameemperor of theSong dynasty.
1031	25 June	Shengzong died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Xingzong of Liao.
1037		TheJiyun was published.
1038	10 November	TheTangut chieftainEmperor Jingzong of Western Xia declared himselfemperor ofWestern Xia.
1041		Bi Sheng invented movable type.
1043		Ouyang Xiu and the vice chancellorFan Zhongyan drafted theQingli Reforms inSong.
1044		TheWujing Zongyao was completed.
1045		TheLingxiao Pagoda was completed.
1048	19 January	Jingzong died. He was succeeded by his infant sonEmperor Yizong of Western Xia.
1049		TheIron Pagoda was completed.
1055		TheLiaodi Pagoda was completed.
1055	28 August	Xingzong died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Daozong of Liao.
1056		ThePagoda of Fogong Temple was completed.
1060		Ouyang Xiu completed theNew Book of Tang.
1063	30 April	Renzong died.
	1 May	Emperor Yingzong of Song becameemperor of theSong dynasty.
		ThePizhi Pagoda was completed.
1067		Yizong died. He was succeeded by his young sonEmperor Huizong of Western Xia.
1067	25 January	Yingzong died. He was succeeded by his sonEmperor Shenzong of Song.
1068		The dry dock was first used in China.
1069		TheSong chancellor Wang Anshi ordered an extensive government reform including the introduction of thebaojia system of community-based law enforcement.
1070		TheSong ambassadorSu Song published theBencao Tujing.
1072		Guo Xi paintedEarly Spring.
1075		TheSong diplomatShen Kuo used court archives to rejectDaozong's territorial claims.
1075		A proto-Bessemer process was first observed in Cizhou.
1076		Wang resigned.
1077		Su was sent on a mission toLiao.
1080		Shen was appointed to defendYan'an.
1081		ASong army was dealt some sixty thousand casualties defendingYan'an against an attempted invasion of Song byWestern Xia forces.
1081		Su published a 200-volume work onSong-Liao relations.
1084		Sima Guang completed theZizhi Tongjian.
1084		Li Qingzhao was born.
1085	1 April	Shenzong died. He was succeeded by his young sonEmperor Zhezong, with his widowEmpress Xiang acting as regent.
1085		Xiang ousted the court faction affiliated withWang's reforms atSima's urging.
1086		Huizong died.
1086		Huizong's sonEmperor Chongzong of Western Xia becameemperor ofWestern Xia.
1088		Shen published theDream Pool Essays.
1090		The earliest known description of the mechanical belt appeared.
1094		Su completed a clock tower inKaifeng.
1094		TheDongpo Academy was established onHainan.
1100	23 February	Zhezong died. He was succeeded by his younger brotherEmperor Huizong of Song.

Year	Date	Event
1101	12 February	Daozong was murdered. He was succeeded by his grandsonEmperor Tianzuo of Liao.
1103		TheYingzao Fashi was published.
1107		Mi Fu died.
1111		TheDonglin Academy was founded.
1115	28 January	TheWanyan chieftainEmperor Taizu of Jin declared himselfemperor of theJin dynasty.
1115	August	Taizu conquered theLiao city of Huanglongfu.
1119		Zhu Yu published thePingzhou Table Talks.
1120		The pagoda ofTianning Temple was completed.
1123	19 September	Taizu died.
1123	27 September	Taizu's brotherEmperor Taizong of Jin becameemperor of theJin dynasty.
1124		TheLiao generalYelü Dashi established theKhitan Qara Khitai in the Liao northwest.
1125	26 March	Jin dynasty forces capturedTianzuo.
1125	November	Jin–Song Wars: TheJin army invadedSong.
1126	18 January	Huizong abdicated in favor of his sonEmperor Qinzong.
1126	19 January	Emperor Qinzong becameemperor of theSong dynasty.
1127	9 January	Jingkang Incident: TheSong capitalKaifeng fell to aJin siege.Huizong andQinzong were captured with much of their court.
1127	12 June	Huizong's sonEmperor Gaozong of Song becameemperor of theSong dynasty atLin'an City.
1132		Song established a standing navy headquartered at Dinghai in modernDinghai District.
1132		A fire destroyed some thirteen thousand homes in theSong capitalLin'an City.
1135		TheSong generalYue Fei defeated the bandit Yang Yao atDongting Lake.
	9 February	Taizong died.
	10 February	Emperor Xizong of Jin becameemperor of theJin dynasty.
1139		Chongzong died.
1139		Chongzong's sonEmperor Renzong of Western Xia becameemperor ofWestern Xia.
1141		Song signed theTreaty of Shaoxing, under which it relinquished all claims to its former territories north of theHuai River and agreed to payJin an annual tribute in silk and silver.
1142	27 January	Yue was executed on false charges of treason spurred by theSong chancellor Qin Hui.
1150	9 January	Xizong was murdered in acoup byWanyan Liang, who succeeded him asemperor ofJin.
1153		TheJin capital was moved from Huining Prefecture toZhongdu.
1157		TheJin capital was moved toKaifeng.
1161	27 October	Wanyan Liang's cousinEmperor Shizong of Jin was declaredemperor ofJin in the capitalKaifeng.
	16 November	Battle of Tangdao: TheJin navy suffered heavy losses in an attempted invasion ofSong near theShandong Peninsula.
	27 November	Battle of Caishi:Jin forces suffered as many as four thousand casualties at the hands of theSong dynasty in a naval battle which stalled their invasion across theYangtze.
	15 December	Wanyan Liang was assassinated by one of his officers near theYangtze battlefront.
		TheYunjing was compiled.
1162	24 July	Gaozong abdicated in favor ofEmperor Xiaozong of Song.
1162		TheBeisi Pagoda was completed.
1164		Song andJin concluded the Treaty of Longxing.
1165		TheLiuhe Pagoda was completed.
1179		Zhu Xi rebuilt theWhite Deer Grotto Academy.
1189	20 January	Shizong died. He was succeeded by his grandsonEmperor Zhangzong of Jin.
	18 February	Xiaozong abdicated in favor of his sonEmperor Guangzong of Song.
		The Chengling Pagoda was built.
1193		Renzong died.
1193		Renzong's sonEmperor Huanzong of Western Xia becameemperor ofWestern Xia.
1194	24 July	Guangzong was forced to abdicate in favor of his sonEmperor Ningzong.

Year	Date	Event
1206		Huanzong was overthrown in acoup.
1206		Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia becameemperor ofWestern Xia.
1208	29 December	Zhangzong died. He was succeeded by his brotherWanyan Yongji.
1211		Emperor Shenzong of Western Xia deposed and replacedXiangzong asemperor ofWestern Xia.
1211	August	Battle of Yehuling: The army of theMongol Empire captured or killed over four hundred thousandJin soldiers defending an important mountain pass atZhangjiakou.
1213	11 September	Wanyan Yongji was assassinated.
1213	22 September	Emperor Xuanzong of Jin becameemperor of theJin dynasty.
1214		TheJin dynasty signed a treaty under which it became avassal state paying tribute to theMongol Empire.
1215	1 June	Battle of Zhongdu:Mongol forces breached the walls ofZhongdu and massacred its inhabitants.
1217		Jin-Song Wars: TheJin dynasty attacked theSong dynasty and were defeated on their first campaign but on their second campaign later in the year capturedXihezhou.^[5]
1223		Shenzong abdicated in favor of his sonEmperor Xianzong of Western Xia.
1224	14 January	Xuanzong died.
	15 January	Xuanzong's sonEmperor Aizong of Jin becameemperor of theJin dynasty.
	17 September	Ningzong died. He was succeeded byEmperor Lizong.
1226		Xianzong died.
1226		Emperor Mozhu of Western Xia becameemperor ofWestern Xia.
1227	18 August	TheMongolkhaganGenghis Khan died.
1227		Mozhu surrendered to theMongol Empire during the siege of theWestern Xia capital Zhongxing.
1233	26 February	Siege of Kaifeng (1232): TheJin general in charge of the defense of the capitalKaifeng surrendered to the besiegingMongol army.Aizong had fled during the siege; his family members still in the city were executed.
1234	9 February	Siege of Caizhou:Aizong passed the throne to his generalEmperor Mo of Jin and hanged himself in the face of aMongol siege ofCaizhou. The Mongols breached the city.
1234	10 February	Siege of Caizhou:Mo died fighting theMongols atCaizhou.
1247		Qin Jiushao wrote theMathematical Treatise in Nine Sections.
1259	11 August	TheMongolkhaganMöngke Khan died during a siege ofDiaoyu Fortress.
1260		Toluid Civil War:Möngke's brotherAriq Böke declared himselfkhagan of theMongol Empire.
	5 May	Toluid Civil War:Kublai Khan, brother toMöngke and toAriq Böke, was crownedkhagan of theMongol Empire.
		Kublai appointed theSakyalamaDrogön Chögyal Phagpa Imperial Preceptor.
1261		Yang Hui first drew Pascal's triangle.
1264	16 November	Lizong died. He was succeeded by his nephewEmperor Duzong.
1265		Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty: TheMongol Empire invadedSong.
1267		Battle of Xiangyang:Kublai ordered his generalAju to takeXiangyang.
1270		Sambyeolcho Rebellion: TheSambyeolcho rebelled againstWonjong of Goryeo, theMongol-allied king ofGoryeo.
1271		Marco Polo leftVenice.
1271		Kublai declared himselfemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1273	14 March	Battle of Xiangyang: TheYuan army breached and capturedXiangyang.
1274	12 August	Duzong died. He was succeeded by his young sonEmperor Gong of Song.
1274	5 October	Mongol invasions of Japan: AYuan fleet landed atTsushima Island.
1275		TheYuan generalBayan of the Baarin defeated aSong army led by thechancellor Jia Sidao.
1276	4 February	Gong and his great-aunt thegrand empress dowager Xie Daoqing surrendered themselves to theYuan army besieging theSong capitalLin'an City.
	14 June	Gong's older brother, the youngEmperor Duanzong, was crownedemperor of theSong dynasty atFuzhou.
		Qian Xuan retired.
		TheGaocheng Astronomical Observatory was built.
1278		TheSong generalWen Tianxiang was captured byYuan forces.
	8 May	Duanzong died.
	10 May	Duanzong's younger brotherEmperor Bing of Song becameemperor of theSong dynasty.
1279	19 March	Battle of Yamen: AYuan fleet destroyed a vastly superiorSong force nearYamen. The Songchancellor Lu Xiufu drowned himself withBing.
1287		TheZhongdu-bornRabban Bar Sauma left for Europe as an ambassador ofArghun, thekhan of theIlkhanate.
1287	December	Battle of Pagan:Yuan forces captured thePagan capitalBagan.
1288		Battle of Bạch Đằng:Đại Việt decisively defeated a numerically superiorYuan invasion fleet on theBạch Đằng River.
1289		Europeans in Medieval China:Franciscan friars first conducted missionary work in China.
1294	18 February	Kublai died.
1294	10 May	Kublai's grandsonTemür Khan becameemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1293		John of Montecorvino arrives in China and is appointedArchbishop ofKhanbaliq (Beijing).
1298		Wang Zhen invented movable wooden type.

Year	Date	Event
1307	10 February	Temür died.
1307	21 June	Temür's nephewKülüg Khan becameemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1311	27 January	Külüg died.
1311	7 April	Külüg's younger brotherAyurbarwada Buyantu Khan becameemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1316		Guo Shoujing died.
1320	1 March	Ayurbarwada died.
1320	19 April	Ayurbarwada's sonGegeen Khan becameemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1323	4 September	Gegeen was assassinated by theAsud in acoup led by theKhongirad grand censor Tegshi.
1323	4 October	Yesün Temür becameemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1324		Zhongyuan Yinyun was published.
1328	15 August	Yesün Temür died.
	October	Yesün Temür's sonRagibagh Khan was appointedemperor of theYuan dynasty inShangdu.
	16 October	TheYuan generalEl Temür crownedJayaatu Khan Tugh Temür emperor inKhanbaliq.
	14 November	Forces loyal toEl Temür capturedShangdu and may have executedRagibagh.
1329	27 February	Tugh Temür's brotherKhutughtu Khan Kusala crowned himselfemperor of theYuan dynasty inKarakorum with the support of theChagatai Khanate.
	3 April	Tugh Temür abdicated inKhutughtu's favor.
	30 August	Khutughtu died, probably after being poisoned byTugh Temür.
	8 September	Tugh Temür was crownedemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1330		ThePagoda of Bailin Temple was completed.
1332	2 September	Tugh Temür died.
	23 October	El Temür crownedKhutughtu's young sonRinchinbal Khan emperor of theYuan dynasty.
	14 December	Rinchinbal died.
1333	19 July	Rinchinbal's older brotherToghon Temür becameemperor of theYuan dynasty.
1334		Wang Dayuan travelled to North Africa.
1342		Papal missionaryGiovanni de Marignolli leaves Europe forKhanbaliq (Beijing).
1351		Red Turban Rebellion: Themillenarian White Lotus sect first plotted armed rebellion against theYuan dynasty.
1352		Red Turban Rebellion: TheHongwu Emperor joined the rebellion.
1356		Red Turban Rebellion: The rebel army capturedNanjing.
1363	30 August	Battle of Lake Poyang: A Red Turban fleet commanded by theHongwu Emperor met a fleet led byChen Youliang, the self-proclaimedking of the rebel state of Han, onPoyang Lake.
1363	4 October	Battle of Lake Poyang: The Han navy was destroyed.Chen Youliang was killed.
1368	20 January	Red Turban Rebellion: TheHongwu Emperor declared himselfemperor of theMing dynasty.
1368	September	Toghon Temür fledKhanbaliq forShangdu in the face of aMing advance.
1371		Ming implemented thehaijin, a ban on all private maritime commerce.
1373		TheHongwu Emperor abolished theimperial examination in favor of a recommendation system for appointing localMing officials.
1373		TheTemple of the Six Banyan Trees was rebuilt.
1375	16 May	Liu Bowen died.
1380		TheHongwu Emperor abolished the office ofchancellor and took over direct control of theThree Departments and Six Ministries.
1382	6 January	Ming conquest of Yunnan:Basalawarmi, the prince ofLiang and aYuan loyalist, committed suicide during a massiveMing invasion ofYunnan.
1382		TheJinyiwei was established and given supreme judicial authority and complete autonomy in making arrests and issuing punishments.
1384		TheHongwu Emperor reinstituted theimperial examination.
1397		A legal code based on theTang Code was implemented inMing.
1398	24 June	TheHongwu Emperor died.
1398	30 June	TheHongwu Emperor's young grandson theJianwen Emperor becameemperor of theMing dynasty.