Tilting is acinematographic technique in which thecamera stays in a fixed position butrotates up/down in averticalplane.[1] Tilting the camera results in a motion similar to someone raising or lowering their head to look up or down. It is distinguished frompanning in which the camera is horizontally pivoted left or right. Pan and tilt can be used simultaneously.[2] In some situations the lens itself may be tilted with respect to the fixed camera body in order to generate greaterdepth of focus.[3][4]
The camera's tilt will change the position of the horizon, changing the amount of sky or ground that is seen.[5] A tilt downward is usually required for ahigh-angle shot andbird's-eye view while a tilt upward is for alow-angle shot andworm's-eye view. The vertical offset between subjects can reflect differences in power, with superiority being above.
Tilting can be used as areveal as in tilting up from seeing the murder victim, to the weapon, to the identity of the killer.[6] It can also be anestablishing shot, tilting down from a tall landmark to the characters[7] or as in theStar Wars: A New Hope opening, tilting down from the stars, to the arc of the planet.[8]
A tiltingPoint-of-view shot expresses either attention or head motion. Attention might convey a potential love interest with "elevator eyes" or concern with sizing up an opponent.[7] Head motion could show a nodding "yes". Combining tilt with camera position could show a face planting or tipping over backwards.
Minor tilting is used for reframing to maintainheadroom.[9]
Extreme tilting would follow the subject past the zenith or nadir to a full 180 degrees, starting or ending with an inverted view of the world.
TheDutch angle, also known as Dutch tilt, is a head tilt to one side, is a type of camera shot where the camera is set at an angle on its roll axis so that the shot is composed with vertical lines at an angle to the side of the frame, or so that the horizon line of the shot is not parallel with the bottom of the camera frame.
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