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Tilemann Heshusius

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gnesio-Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer
Tilemann Heshusius
Born3 November 1527
Died25 September 1588(1588-09-25) (aged 60)
NationalityGerman
OccupationTheologian

Tilemann Heshusius (alsoHesshus, Heßhusen, Hess Husen, Heshusen) (3 November 1527 inWesel — 25 September 1588 inHelmstedt) was aGnesio-Lutherantheologian andProtestant reformer.

Life

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Heshusius came from an influential family in Wesel. He was a student ofPhilipp Melanchthon at theUniversity of Wittenberg and was consequently close to him. During the time of theAugsburg Interim, he lived inOxford andParis. In 1550 he took his master's degree and was received by the Senate of the philosophical faculty; he lectured on rhetoric and as well as theology. In 1553 he becameSuperintendent inGoslar and acquired his doctoral degree in Wittenberg on 19 May that year at the expense of the city. However, he soon came into conflict with Goslar and left in 1556 to take a post at theUniversity of Rostock.

There too he became involved in a dispute over Sunday weddings and the participation of Protestants in Roman Catholic celebrations. After attempting to excommunicate two leading city officials, he was expelled from the town. Melanchthon was able to arrange his appointment as general superintendent of the church of theElectorate of the Palatinate inHeidelberg. In 1559 a controversy broke out inHeidelberg over theLord's Supper between Heshusius and his deacon Wilhelm Klebitz. To restore peace,Elector Frederick released both clerics from their posts—a decision later approved by Melanchthon. He became involved in another controversy over the Lord’s Supper inBremen, which did not redound to his glory, opposingAlbert Hardenberg andJacob Probst. Heshusius himself resigned and went from there toMagdeburg, where he received the pastorate at the Church of St. John in 1560 and the position of superintendent in 1561. But he would not refrain from publicly testifying against the Crypto-Calvinists, Synergists, and others, and he felt compelled to pronounce the ban on the city council.[1] After continuing to preach in spite of the prohibition he had received, the border warden and 30 to 40 armed citizens invaded and occupied his parsonage property at 3 a.m., with 500 armed citizens stationed at the gate, and he and his "very pregnant wife" were forcibly conducted out of the city on 21 October 1562.[2]

Even his hometown Wesel refused him asylum.Count PalatineWolfgang of Pfalz-Zweibrücken took him in. After Wolfgang’s death, Heshusius went toJena. There he advocated the theological position that obedience should be a definingmark of the church in addition to Word and Sacrament (the only two “marks” recognized by most Lutherans). For that reason he challengedJacob Andreae,Victorinus Strigel,Matthias Flacius and all those who pursued the cause of Lutheran unity.

In 1573, when the ElectorAugust of Saxony took over the administration ofSaxe-Weimar after the death of DukeJohn William, nearly 100 pastors were forced to leave the territory. Heshusius andJohann Wigand went toKönigsberg inEast Prussia. There Heshusius became the Bishop ofSamland in 1573, but when Wigand turned against him, he was dismissed from his post.Martin Chemnitz helped him secure an influential position on the theology faculty at the newly establishedUniversity of Helmstedt. In 1578 his claims against Wigand were vindicated at theHerzberger Konvent.

Though he had earlier opposed the union efforts of Andreae, he was finally persuaded to sign theFormula of Concord, and every obstacle to its introduction inBrunswick seemed to be removed; but in comparing the printed copy with the written text, Hesshusius found a considerable number of deviations, and was not satisfied with the explanations of Chemnitz.Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, also opposed the Formula, so that it was not accepted in his country, and thus lost much of its general authority.

Tilemann's sons, Gottfried Heshusius (1554-1625) andHeinrich Heshusius (1556-1597) followed him into the ministry and became Lutheran pastors and superintendents in the German lands, generally allied with Gnesio-Lutheran causes and universities.[3]

Translations

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Further reading

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References

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  1. ^Life of Tilemann Heshusius, translated by Nathaniel J. Biebert (Red Brick Parsonage, 2016).
  2. ^Johann Georg Leuckfeld,Historia Heshusiana oder Historische Nachricht von dem Leben, Bedienungen und Schrifften Tilemanni Heßhusii (Quedlinburg and Aschersleben, 1716), p. 33.
  3. ^Halvorson, Michael J. (2010).Heinrich Heshusius and confessional polemic in early Lutheran orthodoxy. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate. pp. 29–36.ISBN 9780754664703.OCLC 694147960.

External links

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Public Domain This article incorporates text from a publication in thepublic domainJackson, Samuel Macauley, ed. (1914).New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (third ed.). London and New York: Funk and Wagnalls.{{cite encyclopedia}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)

Tilemann Hesshus(en), Latinised: Tilemann Heshusius
Born: 3 November 1527 in Wesel Died: 25 September 1588 in Helmstedt
Titles in Lutheranism
Preceded byBishop of Samland
1571–1577
Succeeded by
Johannes Wigand per pro
Bishop of Pomesania
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