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| Tiếng gọi thanh niên | |
|---|---|
| Information | |
Anthem of the Vanguard Youth | |
| Lyric | Lyric 1: (1941) Lưu Hữu Phước Mai Văn Bộ [vi] Ngô Đình Diệm (lyrics revised in 1955) Lyric 2: (1943) Lê Khắc Thiều Đặng Ngọc Tốt Lyric 3: (1945) Hoàng Mai Lưu |
| Music | Lưu Hữu Phước |
| Date | 1939 |
| Others | |
| Original version | La Marche des Étudiants |
| Alternative name | Tiếng gọi thanh niên ("Call of the Youths") Tiếng gọi sinh viên ("Call of the Students") |
| English: "Call to the Citizens" | |
|---|---|
| Thanh Niên Hành Khúc | |
 A sheet music notation of "Call to the Citizens", with the South Vietnamese flag in the background (recorded since 1973) | |
Former national anthem of  State of VietnamSouth Vietnam | |
| Also known as | "Sinh Viên Hành Khúc" (English: "Song of the Students") "National Anthem of the Republic of Vietnam" |
| Lyrics | Lưu Hữu Phước,Mai Văn Bộ [vi] (original lyric), 1939 Ngô Đình Diệm (revised lyrics), 1955 |
| Music | Lưu Hữu Phước, 1939 |
| Adopted | 1949 (by the State of Vietnam) 1955 (by South Vietnam) |
| Relinquished | 1955 (by the State of Vietnam) 1975 (by South Vietnam) |
| Preceded by | "La Marseillaise" |
| Succeeded by | "Giải phóng miền Nam" |
| Audio sample | |
"Tiếng Gọi Công Dân" (Vocals) | |
Tiếng gọi thanh niên, orThanh niên hành khúc (Saigon:[tʰanniəŋhânxúk], "March of the Youths"), and originally theMarch of the Students (Vietnamese:Sinh Viên Hành Khúc,French:La Marche des Étudiants), is a famous song of the Vietnamese musicianLưu Hữu Phước.
Its lyrics were revised to become thenational anthem of theState of Vietnam from 1949 to 1955 and later theRepublic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) from 1955 to 1975, with the nameTiếng Gọi Công Dân ("Call to the Citizens"). This move was strongly protested by the original author Lưu Hữu Phước, who wasculture minister of theViệt Cộng-ledProvisional Revolutionary Government during theVietnam War.[1]
The anthem was originally namedLa Marche des Étudiants (March of the Students), composed byLưu Hữu Phước and written byMai Văn Bộ [vi] in late 1939, and first adopted by a student club. In 1941, it became the anthem of the Indochina Students General Association, Phước renamed the anthem asTiếng Gọi Thanh Niên (Call to the Youths), the lyrics was rewritten in Vietnamese and divided into three verses. The first verse was written by Lưu Hữu Phước and Mai Văn Bộ in 1941, and secretly spread until 1945, the second verse (Tiếng Gọi Sinh Viên, Call to the Students) was written by Lê Khắc Thiều and Đặng Ngọc Tốt in late 1941, and published in 1943, the third verse was written by Hoàng Mai Lưu on April 4, 1945, and published before theAugust Revolution. In 1945 it became the anthem of theVanguard Youth, the lyrics were slightly modified and known asTiếng Gọi Thanh Niên orThanh Hiên Hành Khúc.
In 1948, theProvisional Central Government of Vietnam adopted the song as its national anthem. The song was later modified, changing its name toTiếng Gọi Công Dân (Call to the Citizens) orCông Dân Hành Khúc (March of the Citizens), and became the official national anthem ofSouth Vietnam.[2]Thanh niên Hành Khúc was first adopted as the national anthem by the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948–1949) on 14 June 1948, and it was inherited as a national anthem by theState of Vietnam (1949–1955) and theRepublic of Vietnam (1955–1975). The lyrics ofThanh Niên Hành Khúc were revised by former PresidentNgo Dinh Diem in 1956.
The composer Lưu Hữu Phước opposed South Vietnam's use of the song and in 1949 he wrote a letter in protest; later theVoice of Vietnam sporadically broadcast Lưu Hữu Phước's criticisms.[3]
After 1975, the original version and name (Tiếng Gọi Thanh Niên) of the song was performed as the official version in theSocialist Republic of Vietnam.
Anti-communist refugees and expatriates continued to use the revised version and dubbed it as "Anthem of Free Vietnam".