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Athumbnail is a reduced-size version of a picture orvideo, used to help in recognizing and organizing them, serving the same role for images as a normal textindex does for words.[1] In the age ofdigital images, visualsearch engines and image-organizing programs normally use thumbnails, as do most modern operating systems or desktop environments, such asMicrosoft Windows,macOS,KDE (Linux) andGNOME (Linux). On web pages, they also avoid the need to download larger files unnecessarily.
Thumbnails are ideally implemented onweb pages as separate, smaller copies of the original image, in part because one purpose of a thumbnail image on a web page is to reducebandwidth and download time.[2]
Someweb designers produce thumbnails withHTML orclient-side scripting that makes the user's browser shrink the picture, rather than use a smaller copy of the image. This results in no saved bandwidth, and the visual quality of browser resizing is usually less than ideal.
Displaying a significant part of the picture instead of the full frame can allow the use of a smaller thumbnail while maintaining recognizability. For example, when thumbnailing a full-bodyportrait of a person, it may be better to show the face slightly reduced than an indistinct figure. However, this maymislead the viewer about what the image contains, so is more suited to artistic presentations than searching or catalogue browsing.
Thumbnail makes for smaller, more easily viewable pages and also allows viewers to have control over exactly what they want to see.[3]
In 2002, the court in the US caseKelly v. Arriba Soft Corporation ruled that it wasfair use forInternet search engines to use thumbnail images to help web users find what they seek.[4]
The wordthumbnail is a reference to the human thumbnail and alludes to the small size of an image or picture, comparable to the size of the nail.[5][6] The earliest use of the compound wordthumbnail in the literal sense dates back to at least the 17th century;[7] theAmerican Heritage Dictionary of Idioms documents that the figurative expression first appeared in the mid-19th century to refer to "a drawing the size of the thumbnail".[8] The word was then used figuratively, in bothnoun andadjective form, to refer to anything small or concise, such as a biographical essay. The use of the wordthumbnail in the specific context of computer images as "a small graphical representation, as of a larger graphic, a page layout, etc." appears to have been first used in the 1980s.[7]
The termvignette is sometimes used to describe an image that is smaller than the original, larger than a thumbnail, but no more than 250 pixels in the long dimension.
Directors,storyboard artists andgraphic designers, as well as other kinds of visual artists, use the term "thumbnail sketch" to describe a small drawing on paper (usually part of a group) used to explore multiple ideas quickly. Thumbnail sketches are similar todoodles, but may include as much detail as a smallsketch. A "comprehensive" thumbnail sketch of a printed project, more or less to final size, is often referred to as a "comp", and can be highly detailed, with production information included. The purpose of thumbnails was to visualize the ideas in a miniature form, similar to an illustration shorthand. Often, the old school animators used this process to quickly jot down the key "poses" that were part of an animation sequence. These compact drawing were then pinned up above the animation table, within easy view. As the animator worked through creating the final drawings of each pose, the thumbnails helped to keep the original ideation relevant.
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)Thumbnail files are designed to display quickly and allow multiple images to be displayed simultaneously on a monitor screen for browsing. Thumbnails are 160 pixels on the long-dimension.
