A thirdThor film was confirmed in January 2014, when Kyle and Yost began work on the screenplay. The involvement of Hemsworth and Hiddleston was announced that October, and the film's title was revealed to beThor: Ragnarok later that month. Waititi joined the film as director a year later, afterThor: The Dark World directorAlan Taylor chose not to return. Ruffalo joined the cast reprising the role ofBruce Banner / Hulk from previous MCU films, which allowed elements of the 2006 comic storyline "Planet Hulk" to be adapted forRagnarok. The rest of the cast, including Blanchett as Hela, was confirmed in May 2016, with Pearson's involvement revealed at the start of filming that July. Principal photography took place inBrisbane andSydney,Australia, with the film also having exclusive use ofVillage Roadshow Studios inOxenford, concluding in October 2016.
Thor: Ragnarok premiered at theEl Capitan Theatre inHollywood, Los Angeles, on October 10, 2017, and was released in the United States on November 3, as part ofPhase Three of the MCU. The film received praise for its acting and Waititi's direction, as well as the action sequences, visual effects, musical score, and humor, with many critics considering it to be the best installment of theThor franchise. It grossed $855million, becoming the highest-grossing film of the series and theninth-highest-grossing film of 2017. A sequel,Thor: Love and Thunder, was released in July 2022.
Two years after theBattle of Sokovia,[a]Thor is imprisoned by the fire demonSurtur, who reveals that Thor's fatherOdin is no longer onAsgard. He explains that the realm will soon be destroyed during the prophesied apocalypseRagnarök, once Surtur unites his crown with the Eternal Flame that burns inOdin's vault. Thor frees himself, defeats Surtur, and takes his crown, believing he has prevented Ragnarök. Thor returns to Asgard to findHeimdall gone and his estranged brotherLoki posing as Odin. He forces Loki to help find their father, who Loki put a spell on after his presumed sacrifice years before.
With directions fromStephen Strange, they find Odin in Norway. Unpossessed, Odin explains that he is dying, Ragnarök is imminent despite Thor's efforts, and his death will free his firstborn child,Hela, fromHel, a prison she was sealed in long ago. Hela, a sibling Thor and Loki did not know existed, was the leader of Asgard's armies and conquered theNine Realms with Odin, but he imprisoned her and wrote her out of history after she became too bloodthirsty and did not share his views on peace.
Odin dies, and Hela appears after being freed from her prison. She destroys Thor's hammerMjolnir, and pursues the two as they attempt to flee through theBifröst Bridge, knocking them out into space. Arriving in Asgard, Hela defeats its army, slays theWarriors Three, and resurrects the ancient dead who once fought with her, including her giant wolfFenris. She appoints the AsgardianSkurge as her executioner. Hela plans to use the Bifröst to expand Asgard's empire, but Heimdall takes the sword that controls the Bifröst.
Meanwhile, Thor crash-lands onSakaar, a garbage planet surrounded bywormholes. A slave trader designatedScrapper 142 subdues him with an obedience disk and sells him as agladiator to Sakaar's ruler, theGrandmaster, with whom Loki has already ingratiated himself. Thor recognizes 142 as aValkyrie, one of a legendary force of female warriors who were killed fighting Hela eons ago. Thor is forced to compete in the Grandmaster'sContest of Champions, facing his friendHulk. Summoning lightning, Thor gets the upper hand, but the Grandmaster sabotages the fight to ensure Hulk's victory. Still enslaved after the fight, Thor attempts to convince Hulk and 142 to help him save Asgard, but neither is willing.
Thor finds theQuinjet that brought Hulk to Sakaar. Hulk inadvertently destroys the Quinjet, but a recording ofNatasha Romanoff causes Hulk to transform back into Bruce Banner for the first time since leaving Sokovia. 142 decides to help Thor save Asgard. Loki helps them steal one of the Grandmaster's ships. They liberate the other gladiators who, incited by two aliens namedKorg andMiek, stage a revolution. Loki again attempts to betray his brother, but Thor anticipates this and incapacitates him. Thor, Banner, and 142 escape through a wormhole to Asgard, where Hela's forces attack Heimdall and the Asgardian citizens. Hulk defeats Fenris; Loki and the gladiators arrive to help, and a repentant Skurge sacrifices himself to save the citizens.
Thor, battling Hela, loses his right eye and has a vision of Odin that helps him realize only Ragnarök can stop her, as she is too powerful. He sends Loki to trigger Ragnarök by placing Surtur's crown in the Eternal Flame. Surtur is reborn and destroys Asgard, killing Hela. Aboard the Grandmaster's spaceship, theStatesman, Thor, now king, reconciles with Loki and decides to take his people to Earth. In amid-credits scene, they are intercepted by a large spacecraft.[b] In apost-credits scene, the overthrown Grandmaster is confronted by his former subjects.
Chris Hemsworth asThor: AnAvenger and thecrown prince ofAsgard, based on theNorse mythological deityof the same name, who has become a "lonegunslinger" searching for theInfinity Stones.[3][5] Hemsworth had grown "a bit bored" of Thor after portraying the character four times previously, and wanted to take some risks and experiment: Thor has shorter hair in the film, wears a different outfit, his hammer Mjolnir is destroyed,[6] and he loses an eye. DirectorTaika Waititi added that "stripping" the character down like this allowed him to become a refugee at the end of the film.[7] Waititi also wanted to use more of Hemsworth's comedic skills showcased in films such asVacation (2015) andGhostbusters (2016),[8] and citedKurt Russell's performance in the filmBig Trouble in Little China (1986) as an influence on the character.[9]
Tom Hiddleston asLoki: Thor's adoptive brother andnemesis, based on the deity of thesame name.[10][11] Hiddleston was interested in how Loki's attitude has changed, saying, "he is always a trickster. It is trying to find new ways for him to be mischievous".[12] As the ruler of Asgard since the end of the filmThor: The Dark World (2013), Hiddleston notes that "Loki has devoted most of his efforts to narcissistic self-glorification. Not so much on good governance."[13] He also added that "the idea that Thor might be indifferent to Loki is troubling for him... it's an interesting development."[14]
Cate Blanchett asHela: Thor's older sister and the goddess of death, based on the deityHel,[11][15][16] who is inadvertently released from prison following Odin's death.[17] ScreenwriterEric Pearson included the idea of Hela being Thor's sister in one of his drafts at the encouragement of executive producer Brad Winderbaum. The decision to make Hela related to Thor, as opposed to only Loki as in the comics and Norse mythology, came from needing more impact with Hela and Thor's final confrontation. By making the change, Pearson felt Hela became "the thing that [represents] what it is to rule Asgard, [Thor's] family, what he's been told, what he hasn't been told."[18] Blanchett was inspired by singerSiouxsie Sioux as well as "punk-rock iconography" of the 1970s and 1980s, notably Siouxsie's "unique, unconventional movement", for Hela's movement and how she "commands the space".[19] Blanchett found it difficult to portray the character in a motion capture suit rather than costume, feeling Hela's headdress is "such a huge part of" the power of the character that she would have liked to wear it on set.[20] Hela's design was taken from the comicThor: God of Thunder byJason Aaron, while the characterGorr from that comic, who has the ability "to manifest an infinite number of weapons", inspired a similar ability for Hela.[21] Blanchett worked with stuntwomanZoë Bell and Hemsworth's personal trainer Luke Zocchi, and studiedcapoeira for the role.[6][17]
Idris Elba asHeimdall: The all-seeing, all-hearing Asgardian and former sentry of the Bifröst Bridge, based on the deity of thesame name, who has gone into self-imposed exile during Loki's reign.[11][22][23] After Hela invades Asgard, he helps to hide its vulnerable citizens. Describing Heimdall's character arc in the film, Winderbaum says, "he's gone from this elder statesmen, the gatekeeper to Asgard, to this badass warrior-wizard character who lives in the hills and kicks a lot of ass throughout the entire film."[23]
Jeff Goldblum asGrandmaster: One of theElders of the Universe[13][24] who rules the planetSakaar,[8] and enjoys manipulating lesser life-forms.[11][25] Goldblum described the character as "a hedonist, a pleasure-seeker, an enjoyer of life and tastes and smells". He also said that Waititi encouraged improvisation in order for Goldblum to "make [the character his] own".[26] Waititi explained that Grandmaster does not have blue skin in the film as the character does in the comics, because Goldblum had already played a blue-colored character inEarth Girls Are Easy (1988), and because Waititi did not want to detract from Goldblum's personality by concealing his appearance.[27] Grandmaster is the brother ofBenicio del Toro'sTaneleer Tivan / Collector from the filmGuardians of the Galaxy (2014), and producerKevin Feige expressed interest in seeing the two together in a future film.[28]
Tessa Thompson asValkyrie: A tough, hard-drinking Asgardian slave trader,[8] based on the mythological beingBrynhildr,[29] who was once a legendary Valkyrie warrior and now works for the Grandmaster under the designation "Scrapper 142".[23] Thompson said the various versions of the character from the comics "left us a lot of leeway" in creating the film version.[21] Waititi "wanted to make sure we weren't making a female character that was boring and pretty",[30] and Feige said Marvel wanted to pair Thor with a love interest more his equal thanJane Foster.[31] Co-screenwritersCraig Kyle andChristopher Yost's original draft of the film had more of a romantic relationship between Thor and Valkyrie. When Pearson started working on the film, he moved away from that storyline, instead focusing more on "the mutual respect" between the characters and Valkyrie "dealing with herPTSD. She's someone who's drowning her sorrows in the bottle, and I just thought that was such a cool thing that you don't often see".[18] Thompson stated that the character isbisexual, which she based on the character's comic book relationship withAnnabelle Riggs, and convinced Waititi to shoot a glimpse of a woman walking out of Valkyrie's bedroom, which was later cut from the film, as it "distracted" from the scene's exposition.[32] Thompson was inspired by pictures ofLinda Hamilton asSarah Connor in the filmTerminator 2: Judgment Day (1991) while training for the role,[30] and worked with dialect coachAndrew Jack to create an Asgardian-sounding accent that was different enough to sound like she had been away from there for a long time.[33] Thompson will appear in future MCU films.[11][34]
Karl Urban asSkurge: An Asgardian warrior[11][25] who guards the Bifröst Bridge in Heimdall's absence and chooses to join Hela as her executioner to survive.[20][22][35] Urban shaved his head for the role, and worked out to "get into the zone and feel" the part even though his body is hidden under a costume.[36] Urban said Skurge "makes a deal with the devil" and becomes Hela's "henchman. He does the dirty jobs. And that sort of is something he has to—it plays on his conscience."[22]
Mark Ruffalo asBruce Banner / Hulk: An Avenger and a genius scientist who transforms into a monster when enraged or agitated after being exposed togamma radiation. In the two years since the filmAvengers: Age of Ultron (2015), he has become a successful and popular gladiator on Sakaar[8][37] and has suppressed the Banner side during those years. He is forming the vocabulary "of a toddler",[13] with the level of Hulk's speech being "a big conversation" between Waititi and Marvel since it was taking into account future appearances for the character:[38]Ragnarok begins an arc for the character that continues in the filmsAvengers: Infinity War (2018) andAvengers: Endgame (2019).[39] Ruffalo felt Hulk had "a swagger" in the film, and was "much more of a character than the green rage machine" seen in theAvengers films.[8] Waititi provided additional motion capture for the Hulk after Ruffalo had completed his scenes.[40]
Anthony Hopkins asOdin: The king of Asgard, father of Thor and Hela, and adoptive father of Loki, based on the deity of thesame name.[11] The character is in exile on Earth, and was originally intended to be a "crazy-looking"hobo on the streets of New York City, but Waititi ultimately felt that this was tragic rather than funny given the character's death during the sequence. The sequence was changed to take place in Norway, to "honor" the character's past and be more authentic to his role as a king of Asgard.[41] Waititi was surprised by the improvisational ability of Hopkins after he was told "to be funny and to really destroy what's come before [with the role] and recreate it."[40]
While promoting the release of the filmThor: The Dark World in October 2013,Chris Hemsworth expressed willingness to portrayThor for as long as "people wanted more", adding that he was contracted for anotherThor film and two moreAvengers films.[56] ProducerKevin Feige stated that the nextThor would build from elements at the end ofThe Dark World.[57] In January 2014, Marvel announced thatCraig Kyle andChristopher Yost would write the screenplay for a third film, with Feige again producing;[58] the story was being outlined that July.[59] At the end of October 2014, Feige announced that the film would be titledThor: Ragnarok, with a scheduled release date of July 28, 2017. Hemsworth andTom Hiddleston were set to return as Thor andLoki, respectively.[3][10] Hemsworth earned $15million for the film.[60] Feige added that the film would be "very important" inPhase Three of theMarvel Cinematic Universe (MCU),[61] and also confirmed that, in the context of the film, the word Ragnarok means "the end of all things".[62] He felt that "people will [not] read into that title alone what the movie's going to be".[63]
In February 2015, Marvel pushed back the release date to November 3, 2017.[64] That April, Feige was expecting a draft for the film soon,[65] and a month later he stated that a director, additional screenwriter, and further casting announcements would be revealed "towards the end of the summer",[66] with filming set for June 2016.[67]The Dark World directorAlan Taylor explained that he would not be returning, as "the Marvel experience was particularly wrenching because I was sort of given absolute freedom while we were shooting, and then in [post-production] it turned into a different movie. So, that is something I hope never to repeat and don't wish upon anybody else."[68] During the 2015San Diego Comic-Con,Jaimie Alexander said that she would reprise her role asSif in "a very pivotal part" of the film.[69][70]
I think the overall sense that I'm trying to give to the audience and what I want the audience to leave the cinema carrying with them is a sense of joy really... Sometimes I would stop and think, I'm doing a movie that's got Thor and Doctor Strange and the Incredible Hulk and Loki and every character is so strange and different...Civil War it's just humans, humans with human problems. Ours is creatures and beings and all these sorts of really different characters.
By October 2015,Taika Waititi had entered negotiations to directRagnarok. Other directors under consideration includedRuben Fleischer,Rob Letterman, andRawson Marshall Thurber.[72]Elizabeth Banks had expressed interest in presenting apitch for the film, but never ultimately met with Marvel to do so.[73] Marvel presented the prospective directors with "the ten different ideas that we had for the movie", asking them all to come back with a clearer picture of what the film should be.[74] Waititi created "asizzle reel for the tone, and some joke stuff" using clips from other films,[74][75] includingBig Trouble in Little China (1986).[76] Despite being a discouraged practice within the company, Marvel considered Waititi's reel to be "amazing",[74] particularly its use ofLed Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song" for the score,[77] which Feige felt "defined what Taika was going to do with this". The song was later used in the film itself, and for marketing it.[77] On why he decided to pursue directing the film, after stating in 2012 that he had no interest in "big features, where the art of the project was sacrificed for profit", Waititi said he felt "like a guest in Marvel's universe but with the creative freedom to do what I want".[78] Waititi was confirmed as director of the film by multiple news outlets later in October.[79][80][81]
In the same month,Mark Ruffalo was also finalizing a deal to reprise his role asBruce Banner / Hulk from previous MCU films,[37] which was confirmed shortly after.[82] Hulk was last seen at the end of the MCU filmAvengers: Age of Ultron (2015) traveling in aQuinjet, which was originally planned to be shown flying near Saturn. Feige explained that this was changed to an Earth-based location to leave Hulk's fate ambiguous and dispel rumors that a film based on the 2006 comic storyline "Planet Hulk" was in development, since Marvel Studios had no plans to adapt the storyline at the time.[83] According to executive producer Brad Winderbaum, the idea to include Hulk inRagnarok came early on in development, when the production team looked at the "Planet Hulk" storyline and felt it was a "no brainer" to integrate Hulk into theThor franchise, exploring "the idea of a planet where there's gladiatorial games as a Thor predicament. [That storyline] was a really cool idea to us."[84] Feige further explained that initial discussions had focused on doing "something totally different with Thor", and that centered on continuing the relationship with Loki and ideas forHela,Valkyrie,Balder the Brave, andBeta Ray Bill, "but we were like, 'We need something big.'" This turned to discussing Thor going to space, and jokingly calling it "Planet Thor", which led to including Hulk in the film and revealing that he ultimately went to space at the end ofAge of Ultron.[83]
Also in October, Australia'sMinister for Foreign AffairsJulie Bishop announced that filming would take place in the country,[85] exclusively throughout the state ofQueensland, including atVillage Roadshow Studios inOxenford,Gold Coast. According toPremierAnnastacia Palaszczuk, the production was to spend over$100million in Queensland and employ 750 Queenslanders.[86] Hemsworth had asked Marvel to produce the film in his home country of Australia.[87] At the end of November 2015,Stellan Skarsgård, who portrayedErik Selvig in the previousThor films, said that he was contracted to appear should Marvel want to include him, but he was uncertain at the time if they did.[88] He later confirmed that he would not appear inRagnarok.[89] The next month,Stephany Folsom was hired to work on the script andCate Blanchett entered final negotiations to join the cast.[15][90]
In January 2016, with the film beginning pre-production,[86][91] Ruffalo described it as a "road movie" and indicated that additional filming would take place inSydney.[92] Waititi stated that he was working on the script "a little bit", mainly adding humor to the screenplay,[93] withEric Pearson joining the project to rewrite the screenplay. Pearson felt joining presented many challenges, as "there were so many puzzle pieces already there," such as having Blanchett asHela,[94] who was confirmed in the role a month later,[95] and including Hulk,Valkyrie, andSkurge, that he was asked to assemble. Pearson was told not to be restrained by anything from the previous films, and Waititi asked him to make the film fun and have Thor "be the coolest character".[94] Alexander said in early March that she was no longer sure if she would appear in the film, due to scheduling conflicts with her television seriesBlindspot (2015–2020).[96] She later indicated that this may not be the case,[25][97] but ultimately was unable to appear in the film due to the conflict.[98][99] Sif does appear as a character in the play based on the events ofThe Dark World, portrayed byCharlotte Nicdao.[54]
In April,Tessa Thompson was cast as Valkyrie,[11][34] withNatalie Portman not returning from the previous films as love interestJane Foster.[100][101] Marvel never asked the screenwriters to include the Earth-based characters from the previous films,[102] and Feige said that Foster and Thor have broken up between films.[31] In May, Marvel confirmed Blanchett and Thompson for the film, announced the casting ofJeff Goldblum asGrandmaster andKarl Urban as Skurge, and revealed thatIdris Elba andAnthony Hopkins would reprise their respective roles ofHeimdall andOdin from the previous films.[11] In early June, Palaszczuk and Marvel Studios executive David Grant announced that filming would begin on July 4, 2016,[103] withWeta Workshop creating props for the film.[36] Before the sets for the MCU filmDoctor Strange (2016) were demolished, Waititi wrote and filmed a scene forRagnarok where Thor meetsBenedict Cumberbatch'sStephen Strange. Marvel andDoctor Strange directorScott Derrickson felt the scene was "kind of perfect" to show Strange joining the wider MCU, so the scene also appears during the credits ofDoctor Strange.[44][104][105]
Feige noted thatRagnarok would primarily take place in the "cosmos" rather than on Earth, a departure from the previousThor films.[63][106] He expanded by saying, "Tonally and geographically there are a lot of different planets outside of the nine realms that we visit" in the film.[100] Waititi consulted withtheoretical physicistClifford Johnson onspace travel. Johnson viewed early drafts of the script, and gave Waititi physics ideas that could "wink at some of the classic old [Thor] stuff"; Johnson previously consulted on thesecond season of theMCU television seriesAgent Carter (2015–2016).[107] Astronomer-physicist Adam Frank was also a consultant on the film, advising on wormholes and interstellar travel.[108] Comic artist and Thor co-creatorJack Kirby was one of Waititi's major visual inspirations for the film.[109] Winderbaum also calledWalt Simonson's "Ragnarok" story arc an inspiration for "really fun elements ... both stylistically and narratively", as well asThor: God of Thunder (2012–2014) byJason Aaron, which was the inspiration for Hela's design and abilities.[21] Waititi said the planetSakaar, which is featured in the "Planet Hulk" storyline, was "the biggest shift for the film and these characters",[109] with Winderbaum describing it as "the toilet of the universe", surrounded by "wormholes that have been spitting things out into this place for eons".[84] Also featured isMuspelheim, one of theNine Realms, ruled bySurtur.Production designerDan Hennah described it as aDyson sphere, with the realm drawing power out of a dying star to energize its inhabitants.[110] Hennah hoped to giveAsgard "more of a humanity" than in previous films, by adding smaller building perspectives to help the realm seem more practical and utilitarian. For Saakar's gladiator arena, Hennah looked at Roman gladiators, but differentiated from previous similar ideas by going "all alien with it". The arena is surrounded by "standing up bleachers".[111]
Waititi said that the film would reinvent the franchise, as "a lot of what we're doing with the film is, in a way, kind of dismantling and destroying the old idea and rebuilding it in a new way that's fresh. Everyone's got a slightly new take on their characters, so in that way, it feels like [this is] the firstThor (2011)."[8] He added that he had seen the other films and respected them, but wanted to focus on making a "standalone film because this could be the only time I do this. I just want to make it [my] version of a Marvel film in the best way possible."[9] This is something Hemsworth had hoped for, looking to have a lighter tone inRagnarok compared to the previousThor films, especially the second one, similar toGuardians of the Galaxy (2014). He said, "I feel we had less of the sort of the naivety or fun or humor that the first [Thor] might have had. I wish we had more of that in the second [movie] ... We've done regal. We've done Shakespeare, and we've shown that. I think now it's time to go, 'Ok, cool. Let's try something different.'"[112] Hemsworth continued that in order to prevent the character or film from becoming "predictable", there was "definitely a goal to do something unexpected...I think we want to get back to more of a sense of adventure and fun".[113]
The events ofRagnarok are set four years after the events ofThe Dark World, two years after the events ofAge of Ultron,[3][114] and around the same time as the events of the filmsCaptain America: Civil War (2016) andSpider-Man: Homecoming (2017), with Winderbaum noting that "things happen on top of each other now in Phase Three".[5] The events ofRagnarok also set up the MCU filmAvengers: Infinity War (2018),[8] and Hemsworth spoke toInfinity War directorsAnthony and Joe Russo before receiving the script forRagnarok to see how it would link toInfinity War. He saidRagnarok "definitely bleeds nicely into those [films]",[5] and Winderbaum likenedRagnarok's impact on the larger MCU to that of the filmCaptain America: The Winter Soldier (2014), saying it would break down ideas regarding Asgard that were previously established similar "to howWinter Soldier broke downS.H.I.E.L.D."[5]
Later in July, regarding the film's "buddy-style comedy" nature, Waititi said that the script had changed from then and it was still unclear what the final film would look like, but there "are buddy elements to it between Thor and the Hulk".[78] He said it would be a"'70s/'80ssci-fi fantasy" and "the most 'out there' of all the Marvel movies",[123] with the tone closest to that ofBig Trouble in Little China.[76] Inspiration for the road-trip aspect ofRagnarok included the films48 Hrs. (1982),Withnail and I (1987), andPlanes, Trains and Automobiles (1987).[8] Waititi also asked the heads of each department to watch the filmFlash Gordon (1980) before beginning work.[124] Concept art released atSan Diego Comic Con in 2016 revealed that the characterFenris Wolf would appear.[125][126]
By August, over 100 set and construction workers were given termination notifications, with some complaining that they had been promised work until October or November 2016, and thatNew Zealand crew members were receiving preferential treatment over the Australian locals. However, Premier Palaszczuk stated that the work for set builders simply "finished", and that other jobs would become available as actors arrived for filming.[127] Sets constructed for the film were for Sakaar, including the Grandmaster's palace and surrounding junkyard, as well as Asgard (based on the aesthetics of the previousThor films).[23] The interior of the Avenger Quinjet, which was built for the MCU filmThe Avengers (2012), was shipped to Australia.[117] Waititi, who isMāori, made hiringIndigenous andAboriginal Australians, along withNew Zealanders, a priority for the various departments, saying, "It's a responsibility you have to the Indigenous people. You're coming to a country and you're bringing money into the economy and creating jobs but I think you have an even bigger responsibility to look after the people that have less opportunities." He added that having these people on the crew "feel[s] very much like family" and "helps calm me down and makes me feel relaxed". The Indigenous and Aboriginals were hired as part of an initiative byScreen Australia's Indigenous Department, whose mission is "to give Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islanders a foot in the door of the film industry".[128]
In mid-September 2016, concept art seen during a set visit indicatedMidgard Serpent would appear,[129] and that Sif and theWarriors Three, allies of Thor in the previous two films, would be addressed inRagnarok.[33] Towards the end of the month,Sam Neill, who worked with Waititi in the filmHunt for the Wilderpeople (2016), revealed he had a role in the film.[52] Shortly after, Waititi teased the inclusion of the charactersKorg,[130] who Waititi portrays through motion-capture,[46] andMiek,[131] who is not portrayed by an actor as he does not speak in the film, and is depicted as "a larva-like creature... [with] cybernetic legs and arms".[46] In mid-October, Waititi revealed that new camera technology had been used for a shot in the film, and that he had hoped to includeJohn C. Reilly'sNova CorpsmanRhomann Dey fromGuardians of the Galaxy in the film, but there was "no real way to pull it off".[123] Principal photographywrapped on October 28, 2016.[132]Second unit filming took place onDirk Hartog Island off the coast ofWestern Australia, and in theSouth Island of New Zealand.[23] According to Waititi, 80 percent of the dialogue inRagnarok was improvised, in order to create a "very loose and collaborate mood" among the cast, and as an attempt to replicate the tone and sensibility from his previous films. He stated, "My style of working is I'll often be behind the camera, or right next to the camera yelling words at people, like, 'Say this, say this! Say it this way!'"[133]
In January 2017, it was revealed that Pearson would receive sole screenwriting credit on the film, with the story credited to Kyle, Yost, and Folsom.[134] These credits were later updated the following September, with Pearson as the screenwriter and story credit for Kyle and Yost. Folsom took issue with Marvel marketing the film with these credits, noting theWriters Guild of America (WGA) had yet to determine the final credits for the film.[135] She later said that Marvel had given her a story credit on the film, but it was denied by the WGA due to their regulation that a maximum of two individuals can receive story credit, with an allowance for a writing team to count as one individual; Pearson and the team of Kyle and Yost received the story credit onRagnarok. Folsom added that she planned to appeal the decision and that Marvel has been supportive of her throughout her attempt to receive credit.[136] By the end of the month, the writing credits were updated once again, this time simply crediting Pearson, Kyle, and Yost as screenwriters.[94][98][137]
In February 2017,Rachel House said she had a small role in the film, having worked with Waititi before.[45] Additional filming took place inAtlanta in July 2017, over three weeks,[138][139] including filmingpost-credit scenes.[140] One of these introduces the spaceshipSanctuary II, which belongs toThanos inAvengers: Infinity War,[4] while the other, shown at the end of the credits, features the Grandmaster. Goldblum and Waititi improvised multiple versions of the latter scene; one unused version involved the singing of the Sakaarian national anthem, which was "made up on the spot".[141] Also filmed in Atlanta was the completion of a sequence where Asgardian actors perform a play based on the events ofThe Dark World. Neill appears in the sequence as the Odin actor, and Hemsworth's brotherLuke portrays the Thor actor.[142] Explaining the sequence, Waititi said, "if I was Loki and I was ruling Asgard, I would write a play about myself and force everyone to go and see it—change the details of the play and get a huge celebrity to play myself." For the Loki actor, they "really wanted someone good and someone who's funny", and Chris Hemsworth suggested thatMatt Damon, whom he knew personally, take on the role.[53] Damon was in New York City at the time, and flew to Atlanta just to shoot the cameo "on a lark".[53][142] Also changed during reshoots was the location of the sequence where Thor and Loki find Odin on Earth, and Hela subsequently destroys Mjolnir. Originally set in a New York City alley, Waititi decided that the environment was distracting from the emotions of the sequence. The location was changed to Norway, which Waititi felt gave more weight to the scenes, made Odin's storyline more "authentic", and also allowed the characters and the audience to "chill out for a second, and have that moment, because the rest of the film basically just runs at a clip".[41]
By the time the reshoots for the film were completed, the film had been cut down from Waititi's initial version of two hours and forty minutes to around ninety minutes, with that expected to increase slightly with the newly filmed scenes. However, after the film's 2017 Comic Con panel, it was decided to add back a lot of the jokes that had been removed, with the final runtime being two hours and ten minutes.[124] Joel Negron andZene Baker served as editors on the film.[23][117] Waititi described the process of deciding exactly what jokes to keep as "very tricky ... sometimes it would be funny in the beginning of the film and then not funny at all [or] it was funny in the wrong places and in the end, we had to just keep testing jokes and testing parts of the film".[143]Ragnarok also clarifies that anInfinity Gauntlet seen inThor was a fake. Feige expanded, saying that it had been included inThor as aneaster egg, since Marvel Studios was "working onThe Avengers and trying to [put] that all together for the conclusion ofPhase One". However, shortly afterThe Avengers released and the studio began to solidify plans forInfinity War, they realized that the gauntlet seen inThor could not be the actual one, creating an internal theory that it was fake; this resulted in the scene inRagnarok, which was created "just [to have] the opportunity to call it a fake".[142]
Visual effects for the film were created byIndustrial Light & Magic's (ILM) San Francisco and Vancouver studios,[144] with help fromBase FX, Animatrik, and Virtuos;Framestore;Method Studios Vancouver;Digital Domain;Rising Sun Pictures;Luma Pictures;D Negative; Iloura;Image Engine; Trixter; The Secret Lab; WhiskyTree Inc; Fin Designs + Effects; andPerception.[23]Previsualization work was provided byThe Third Floor and Day for Nite.[23][145] Luma Pictures produced over 200 shoots in eight sequences, particularly for the characters Korg (receiving assets from Framestore) and Miek. Method Studios provided over 450 shots, including Thor's opening fight against Surtur in Muspelheim and Hela's fight against the Asgardian guards. D Negative worked on over 190 shots, creating the environment for the planet Sakaar, including its junkyard landscape and wormholes, with the wormholes also created through a collaboration with Digital Domain.[146] The film's main-on-end title sequence was designed by Perception.[147]
ILM, who worked on previous incarnations of the Hulk, had to add much more detail to the character's facial features inRagnarok due to the Hulk's increased dialogue. ILM visual effects supervisor Chad Wiebe explained that Ruffalo's expressions were captured fresh for the film using Medusa, a performance capture technology. With 90 different expressions captured, ILM "built an entirely new library that would allow [Hulk] to cover a full range of normal human visual characteristics".[146] To help create the Hulk, a person on set was covered in green body paint, and would replicate the intended motions of the character to aid the visual effect artists.[84] Additionally, stunt actor Paul Lowe, who is under 5 feet (1.52 m) tall, stood in for Hemsworth during some of his interactions with the Hulk so that the Hulk's stuntmen would be proportionally correct. In some instances when Thor and the Hulk interacted, a digital double was used for Thor, also created by ILM, to have greater flexibility for the shots. ILM worked on all of the Hulk moments in the film outside the final fight sequence, which was completed by Framestore using ILM's assets, as Framestore was primarily responsible forrigging that sequence. Framestore completed nearly 460 shots, which featured digital doubles of Thor and Hela,Fenris, Korg, Miek, the giant Surtur at the end of the film, and over 9,000 buildings for Asgard, based on assets D Negative had fromThe Dark World, resulting in over 263 character, vehicle, prop, and crowd rigs.[146]
Rising Sun Pictures produced more than 170 visual effects shots forRagnarok. They worked on the Valkyrie flashback sequence, with the sequence's surreal ethereal appearance achieved through a combination of motion capture, computer graphics, a 900 fps high-speed frame rate, and a special 360-degree lighting rig containing 200 strobe lights to bathe the scene in undulating patterns of light and shadow. Rising Sun also helped create the various CGI aspects of Hela, such as her "hair wipe transition" to her horns, and her original introduction in New York City. Following the reshoots, ImageEngine completed the new Norway introduction since Rising Sun was focused on the palace fight by then.[148]
By August 2016,Mark Mothersbaugh was hired to score the film.[149][150] The synthesized score is influenced by the work ofJean-Michel Jarre.[20] Waititi stated he would have asked the bandQueen to work on the soundtrack for the film if their lead singerFreddie Mercury was still alive, because the film is "a cool, bold, colorful cosmic adventure" which would have suited the "feel" of the band.[151] Additional music featured in the film include "Immigrant Song" by Led Zeppelin and "Pure Imagination" from the filmWilly Wonka & the Chocolate Factory (1971).Patrick Doyle's themes fromThor andBrian Tyler's themes fromThe Dark World andAge of Ultron, as well asJoe Harnell's "The Lonely Man" theme from the television seriesThe Incredible Hulk (1977–1982), are also used in the film.[23]Hollywood Records released the film's soundtrack digitally on October 20, 2017, and physically on November 10, 2017.[152]
At the 2016San Diego Comic-Con, a physical model of Hulk's gladiator armor was revealed,[153] concept art and rough animatics were shown,[125] and a "mockumentary" short titledTeam Thor was screened. Directed by Waititi, it showed what Thor and Banner were doing during the events ofCivil War,[125][154] withDaley Pearson appearing as Thor's Australian flatmate Darryl Jacobson. The short was released online in August 2016,[154] and with the digital download ofCaptain America: Civil War the following month.[155]Team Thor: Part 2 was released on the home media ofDoctor Strange in February 2017, with Pearson reprising his role.[154][156] Footage and concept art for the film were shown atCinemaCon 2017.[157]
On April 10, 2017, the first teaser trailer was released. Sandy Schaefer ofScreen Rant felt it was "a strong start" for the film, having "a distinctly playful vibe" by setting it to "Immigrant Song".[158]The Verge's Chaim Gartenberg said "this may be the weirdest Marvel movie to date" thanks to the costumes, makeup, and '80s aesthetic.[159] Michael Arbeiter forNerdist was pleased with the teaser, stating, "nothing in the MCU thus far can hold a candle to the imagination promised by this... have any of [the previous MCU films] felt this beholden to what we've always known and loved as theadventure genre?"[160] The teaser was viewed 136 million times in 24 hours, the third-highest in that time frame, behindThe Fate of the Furious (139million) andIt (197million). It also became Disney and Marvel's most viewed trailer within that time period, surpassingBeauty and the Beast (127million) andCaptain America: Civil War (94 million), respectively.[161] The line from the trailer of Thor saying Hulk "is a friend from work" was suggested to Hemsworth by aMake-A-Wish child visiting the set on the day the scene was filmed.[162]
Props and costumes from the film were on display atD23 Expo 2017 along with set pieces for photo opportunities.[163] The costumes were also on display at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con,[164] where Waititi and cast members promoted the film. Exclusive clips were shown, along with a new trailer.[13][24] Ethan Anderton of/Film felt "the blend of comedy and bright, vibrant comic book action" in the trailer was "incredible".[165]Collider's Haleigh Foutch was "in love with this trailer" and "all in" on the film.[166] Germain Lussier forio9 called the trailer "a two-and-a-half-minute ball of action, awesomeness, humor, and insanity that may be the most purelyfun Marvel movie trailer we've ever seen."[167] The poster also released was praised, being called by Anthony Couto fromComic Book Resources as "quite stunning", "insanely colorful", and "perfectly symmetrical",[168] with Matt Goldberg of Collider feeling it "really [lets] you know that thisThor movie is going to be radically different than the first two".[169] Due to the Comic-Con presentation,Thor: Ragnarok generated over 264,000 new conversations on social media from July 17 to 23, the most out of any film during that time period, according toComscore and its PreAct service.[170] It remained the most-discussed film on social media for two more weeks.[171][172]
In August 2017, Marvel partnered with car manufacturerRenault on a commercial supporting the release of theKwid in Brazil. Directed by Jonathan Gurvit and shot inSão Paulo, it features the Hulk destroying a satellite headed towards the city. Framestore worked on visual effects for the commercial, building on the foundation they had from working on the character in previous films.[173][174] Also in August, Marvel, in partnership withDolby Laboratories,Synchrony Bank,American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS),Broadcom Masters, andSociety for Science & the Public, announced the "Superpower of STEM Challenge", aimed at females aged 15 through 18 inSTEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics education) fields, to "create an original Do-It-Yourself project that can be replicated by others" and "help their family, community or the world be safer, healthier or happier". Five winners would attend the film's world premiere, receive a tour ofWalt Disney Studios, and a $500 saving account from Synchrony Bank, with one grand prize winner attending "an immersive three-day mentorship in New York City withDisney Imagineering" to create a "professional-level video teaching other young people how to recreate" their winning project. They were also given the opportunity to demonstrate the project on the television programGood Morning America.[175]
For the week of August 21,Ragnarok once again had the most social media conversations, according to comScore and its PreAct service. New clips of Thor and Hulk fighting, released on the same day as theFloyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor fight, helped generate the 57,000 new conversations for the week.[176] From September 25 to October 15,Ragnarok had the second-most social media conversations according to the service,[177][178] and was once again first for the week of October 16 following the release of extended clips and plot details.[179] Beginning October 6, 2017,Disney California Adventure showed a sneak peek of the film at the Sunset Showcase Theater inHollywood Land, presented in 3D with "special in-theater effects".[180] Ahead of the United States release of the film, Hemsworth, Hiddleston, Blanchett, Goldblum, Ruffalo, and Thompson appeared withJames Corden on the late-night talk showThe Late Late Show with James Corden (2015–2023) to present a "4D" version of the film, which was actually a stage play. The cast performed various scenes from the film live in low-budget costumes and with cardboard stage props.[181] Additional promotional partners of the film includedRed Robin,United Healthcare, andScreenvision Media.[182]
Thor: Ragnarok had its world premiere at theEl Capitan Theatre inHollywood, Los Angeles, on October 10, 2017,[183][184] and its Australian premiere took place on October 13, on the Gold Coast.[185] It was released in the United Kingdom on October 24, 2017,[186] with additional international releases on October 25,[114] and in Australia on October 26.[187] The film was released in the United States and Canada on November 3,[64] in 4,080 theaters, of which over 3,400 were 3D, 381 wereIMAX andIMAX 3D, and 204 wereD-Box.[188] The film opened in 1,187 IMAX theaters globally, which was a November opening weekend record.[182] It was originally scheduled for release on July 28, 2017.[3]Thor: Ragnarok is part of Phase Three of the MCU.[189]
Thor: Ragnarok was released ondigital download byWalt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on February 20, 2018, and onUltra HD Blu-ray,Blu-ray,DVD andOn-Demand on March 6. The digital and Blu-ray releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes; audio commentary; deleted scenes; a blooper reel; andTeam Darryl, a continuation of the "mockumentary" short filmsTeam Thor andTeam Thor: Part 2, in which the Grandmaster moves in with Darryl after Thor leaves.[190] In one of the deleted scenes,Michael Rooker makes an appearance asYondu, reprising the role from the first twoGuardians of the Galaxy films.James Gunn, writer and director of theGuardians films, clarified that Yondu was never meant to appear in the final film, and that Rooker was on a nearby set recording material for the Halloween variant of the theme park attractionGuardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout!; and decided to stop by theRagnarok set "to goof around".[191]
The film debuted at number one on theNPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart during its first week of release, which tracks combined DVD and Blu-ray Disc unit sales, and a dedicated Blu-ray Disc sales chart. Blu-ray accounted for 83% of unit sales, with 11% coming from Ultra HD Blu-ray.Thor: Ragnarok also debuted second on the Media Play News rental chart behindCoco.[192] In its second week, the film fell to number two on the NPD VideoScan chart, coming in behindJustice League, but rose to number one on the Media Play News rental chart.[193] The IMAX Enhanced version of the film was made available onDisney+ beginning on November 12, 2021.[194]
Thor: Ragnarok grossed $316million in the United States and Canada, and $539million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $855million.[2] In September 2017, a survey fromFandango indicated thatRagnarok was the most anticipated fall film.[195] On the weekend of November 3, 2017, the film earned $25.4million from IMAX showings, surpassingDoctor Strange as the largest for a November weekend.[182] The film had earned $650.1million globally, surpassing the total grosses forThor ($449.3million) andThor: The Dark World ($644.6million), by the end of its third weekend.[196][197] It became theninth-highest-grossing film of 2017.[198]Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $174.2million, accounting for production budgets, marketing, talent participations, and other costs; box office grosses and home media revenues placed it eighth on their list of 2017's "Most Valuable Blockbusters".[199]
Thor: Ragnarok earned $46.8million on its opening day in the United States and Canada (including $14.5million from Thursday night previews), and had a total weekend gross of $122.7million, which was the top film for the weekend, the sixth-best November opening, and the largest opening for allThor films. IMAX contributed $12.2million, which was the second-best IMAX opening of 2017 and its third-best November opening. The film's earnings on Sunday ($32.1million), was the second-best Sunday in November afterThe Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013) ($34.5million).[182] The film had been projected to gross $100–125million in its opening weekend.[200][201]Ragnarok remained the number one film in its second weekend, having earned a total of $211.6million, which surpassed the entire runs ofThor ($181million) andThe Dark World ($206.4million).[202] In its third weekend,Thor: Ragnarok fell to third at the box office,[203] and fourth in its fourth and fifth weekends.[204][205] The film surpassed its projected total domestic gross of $280million in its fifth weekend with $291.4million,[205][206]Thor: Ragnarok was fifth in its sixth weekend,[207] and seventh in its seventh weekend, the final weekend it remained in the top 10.[208]
Outside the United States and Canada, the film opened in 36 markets in its first weekend, ranking first in all, and earning $109.1million, $6million of which came from 189 IMAX screens. The United Kingdom opening ($16.2million) was the best October opening for a non-James Bond film. South Korea ($15.7million), Australia ($8.4million), Brazil ($8.1million), Indonesia ($5.5 million), Taiwan ($5.4 million), the Philippines ($3.8 million), Malaysia ($3.5 million), New Zealand, Vietnam, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, and South Africa had the best October opening weekend ever, while France ($7.7million) had the second-best. Brazil also had the third-best debut for an MCU film, while New Zealand's opening was the biggest of 2017.[209] In its second weekend,Ragnarok opened at number one in 19 more markets, with the largest November opening ever in China ($56.3million, including $6million from 446 IMAX screens), Mexico ($10.8million), Germany ($8.9million), and India ($5.5million). It also remained at number one in many existing markets. The film earned an additional $13.2million from 788 IMAX screens, the best November opening.[210] In its third weekend, the film remained at number one in over 30 countries, and became the highest-grossing superhero film in the Czech Republic.[197] By its fifth weekend,Ragnarok had become the highest-grossing superhero film in central and eastern Europe.[211] As of December 10, 2017[update], the film's largest markets were China ($112million), the United Kingdom ($40.4million), and South Korea ($35.1million).[198]
Thereview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 93%, with an average score of 7.6/10, based on 439 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Exciting, funny, and above all fun,Thor: Ragnarok is a colorful cosmic adventure that sets a new standard for its franchise—and the rest of the Marvel Cinematic Universe."[213]Metacritic assigned aweighted average score of 74 out of 100 based on 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.[214] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, the best of theThor series, whilePostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 90% overall positive score and an 85% "definite recommend".[182]
Sheri Linden ofThe Hollywood Reporter praised Waititi's handling of "the clash-of-worlds CGI extravaganza", particularly for the lighter tone he brought, with "even the story's central bad guys [being] silly fun, hammed to the hilt by Cate Blanchett and Jeff Goldblum."[215]Alonso Duralde ofTheWrap wrote, "Both the banter and the fighting, it should be noted, are excellent, so whether you go to superhero movies for the glossy escapism or the pulse-pounding action, you'll get your large soda's worth."[216]Peter Travers ofRolling Stone rated the film three stars out of four, described it as "the most fun you'll ever have at a Marvel movie" while praising the film's changing tone and direction, comparing it favourably toGuardians of the Galaxy.[217] TheSan Francisco Chronicle'sMick LaSalle lauded the performances of Hemsworth, Hiddleston, Blanchett, Thompson, Goldblum and Ruffalo, feeling the film "has confidence in its characters and in its own invention, and so it avoids repetition and stays fresh".[218]
Richard Roeper of theChicago Sun-Times similarly praised the film, calling the performances of the ensemble cast "outstanding" and Waititi's direction "goofy and campy and marvelously self-referential". He also said the soundtrack that was used in the climactic battle sequence, particularlyLed Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song", was "perfectly synced".[219]Matt Zoller Seitz ofRogerEbert.com gave the film three out of four stars, positively comparing Hemsworth's performance toCary Grant: "Hemsworth's charisma holds [Thor: Ragnarok] together whenever it threatens to spin apart".[220]Justin Chang ofLos Angeles Times praised Blanchett's performance of Hela, drawing a comparison of the portrayal of her character to other iconic villains such asMaleficent andChernabog, and the film's similar themes and tone toFlash Gordon,Star Wars (1977), andWilly Wonka & the Chocolate Factory.[221]The Daily Telegraph'sRobbie Collin gave the film four out of five, hailed it as "one of [Marvel's] best films to date" while commending the performances and describingMark Mothersbaugh's musical score as "turbo-charged".[222]Michael Phillips of theChicago Tribune commended the performances of Hiddleston and Thompson as being "wonderfully matched". He also noted a similar directing style of Waititi toEdgar Wright's "parodic work" and labelled the film as "unusually lively and buoyant" while acknowledging the effect of a "Marvel Fatigue factor" towards the audiences.[223]
Peter Debruge ofVariety called the movie "preposterous", but praised Goldblum's performance.[224]Stephanie Zacharek ofTime magazine stated negatively that "Thor: Ragnarok is packed tight with zooming space vehicles and noisy thunder battles, but the movie's extravagant excess is more narcotizing than energizing." Zacharek further added that "Even poor Thor seems lost in all of it, and he's supposed to be its star" while criticizing the film's visual effects as being "an instance of fun overkill" and "a special-effects coma".[225]Manohla Dargis ofThe New York Times called the story "an uninteresting thicket of brawls, machinations and useful coincidences" but did feel that Hemsworth "looks happier and far more relaxed inRagnarok than he did in the previous Thor vehicles, which is perhaps Mr. Waititi's truest achievement here."[226]
Some critics claim thatThor: Ragnarok conceals sophisticated commentary under its comedic presentation, specifically on themes of colonial history and indigenous people. Key points in this discourse include Waititi's own indigenous Māori heritage;[227] Asgard's bloody history and Odin's whitewashing of it, as revealed by Hela; Scrapper 142's burial in alcohol of her ethnic identity as a Valkyrie;[228][229] and the Grandmaster's euphemizing of "slaves" as "prisoners with jobs".[230]
By the release ofRagnarok, Waititi and Marvel had discussed a spin-offMarvel One-Shot short film following the characters Korg and Miek, but it was unfeasible due to Marvel's commitment to producing three feature films a year. Feige said Marvel still had plans for those characters, but did not specify.[252] Both appear inAvengers: Endgame andLove and Thunder.[253][254]
^abHewitt, Chris (February 2016). "Set Phase 3 To Stun".Empire. United Kingdom. p. 21.Thor: Ragnarok (October 27, 2017)... For 'Ragnarok' is, according to Norse legend, the end of the world. Not so fast, says Feige. 'I don't think people will read into that title alone what the movie's going to be.' ... 'The film will take place within the cosmos primarily,' confirms Feige, 'which is to say, frankly, very little Earth.'
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