Thomas Rotherham | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of York andPrimate of England | |
 Portrait of Thomas Rotherham from "Historic Notices of Rotherham", by John Guest,1879 | |
| Appointed | 7 July 1480 |
| Installed | unknown |
| Term ended | 29 May 1500 |
| Predecessor | Lawrence Booth |
| Successor | Thomas Savage |
| Other posts | Bishop of Rochester Bishop of Lincoln |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 24 August 1423 |
| Died | 29 May 1500(1500-05-29) (aged 76) |
| Buried | York Minster |
| Nationality | English |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Education | Eton College |
| Alma mater | King's College, Cambridge |
Thomas Rotherham (24 August 1423 – 29 May 1500), also known asThomas (Scot) de Rotherham, was an Englishcleric andstatesman. He served as bishop of several dioceses, most notably asArchbishop of York and, on two occasions asLord Chancellor. He is considered a venerable figure inRotherham,South Yorkshire, his town of birth.
Thomas Rotherham was born on 24 August 1423 inRotherham,Yorkshire.[1] He is said to have been the eldest son of Sir Thomas Rotherham ofRotherham by his wife, Dame Alice. From the sixteenth century onwards he was also known by the alternate surname 'Scot', although that surname was not used by Rotherham himself or by his contemporaries. In his will, however, Rotherham does refer to his kinsman John Scott ofEcclesfield,Yorkshire, and it has been speculated that he was the son ofSir John Scott ofScot's Hall inSmeeth,Kent and Agnes Beaufitz.[2] However this claim is said to have been disproved.[3]
He was first educated as a young boy by a teacher of grammar, who came, according to Thomas, "I know not by what fate save it was the Grace of God". Afterwards he was sent to the newly foundedEton College to prepare for university entrance.
Rotherham was educated atKing's College, Cambridge, graduating as aBachelor of Divinity and becoming aFellow of his college,[4] and lectured on Grammar, Theology, and Philosophy. After hisordination as apriest, he became aprebendary ofLincoln in 1462 and then ofSalisbury in 1465. He moved on to powerful positions in the Church, being appointed asBishop of Rochester in 1468,[5]Bishop of Lincoln in 1472,[6] and thenArchbishop of York in 1480, a position he held until 1500.[7]
In 1467,King Edward IV appointed Rotherham asKeeper of the Privy Seal.[8] He was sent as ambassador to France in 1468 and as joint ambassador to Burgundy in 1471, and in 1475 was entrusted with the office ofLord Chancellor.[9] Between 1477 and his death, Rotherham was the owner ofBarnes Hall in South Yorkshire.[10]
When Edward IV died in April 1483, Rotherham was one of the celebrants of the funeral mass on 20 April 1483.[11] Immediately after Edward's death, Rotherham sided with dowager queenElizabeth Woodville in her attempt to depriveRichard, Duke of Gloucester of his role as Lord Protector of the new King, her sonEdward V. When Elizabeth sought sanctuary after Richard had taken charge of the king, Rotherham released the Great Seal to her. Though he later recovered it and handed it over toThomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury,[12] his mishandling of the seal – indicative of questionable loyalty, led to his dismissal as Lord Chancellor. On 13 May he was replaced byJohn Russell, who earlier had also been his successor as Bishop of Lincoln.
On 13 June 1483, Rotherham was charged with being involved in a conspiracy betweenLord Hastings and the Woodvilles against Richard and imprisoned in theTower of London.[13] He was released in the middle of July.[14]
Once again appointed Lord Chancellor in 1485,[9] he was shortly afterwards dismissed byHenry VII. After this he retired from most public work.
Rotherham died of theplague inCawood nearYork on 29 May 1500.[7] His remains were transferred to a magnificent marble tomb inYork Minster in 1506.
Rotherham built part ofLincoln College,Oxford, and increased itsendowment;[15] at Cambridge, where he was four times Chancellor and Master ofPembroke Hall, he helped to build the University Library.
In 1480 Rotherham endowed a Chapel of Jesus within Rotherham parish church, providing a priest to sing masses for the souls of his ancestors. He founded the College of Jesus in Rotherham as a memorial to his first teacher.[15] The foundations of the red brick College were laid at his birthplace in Brookgate in March 1482 and a licence was granted on 22 January 1483 "for the honour and glory of the name of Jesus Christ to found a perpetual College".
The statutes of the college were dated 1 February 1483. The College of Jesus was to consist of a Provost and three Fellows, all to be in Holy Orders, who must attend church on Sundays and Holy Days. The Fellows were to teach grammar and train the six choristers of Jesus in song and music. They were also to teach promising boys who did not aspire to the priesthood reading, writing, and reckoning, free of charge. If the boys continued to show merit, they should be taught the rudiments of grammar and music. The college was dissolved around 1550 byEdward VI of England and all its possessions seized by the crown. Very little now remains of the original building, although the street is still known as College Street.
The teaching of grammar to boys continued at Rotherham after the 1550s. TheRotherham Grammar School looked upon Thomas Rotherham as its founder, took 1483 to be its year of origin, and adopted as its badge thearmorial bearings of Thomas Rotherham. The school took its last intake of boys in September 1965 and was progressively phased-out over the following several years.
Rotherham is still remembered in the name ofThomas Rotherham College, which is the post-1967 descendant of the Rotherham Grammar School for Boys.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Lord Privy Seal 1467–1470 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Lord Privy Seal 1471–1474 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Lord Chancellor 1475–1483 | |
| Preceded by | Lord Chancellor 1485 | Succeeded by |
| Catholic Church titles | ||
| Preceded by | Bishop of Rochester 1468–1472 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Bishop of Lincoln 1472–1480 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Archbishop of York 1480–1500 | Succeeded by |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by | Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge 1480–1488 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
