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Third Saudi State الدَّولةُ السُّعوديَّة الثالثة (Arabic) | |||||||||||||||||
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 Emblem | |||||||||||||||||
| Motto: لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله Lā ilāha illa allāh, Muḥammadun rasūlu allāh "There is no god butAllah,Muhammad is the Messenger of God"[1][a] (shahada) | |||||||||||||||||
| Anthem: النشيد الوطني السعودي "an-Našīd al-Waṭaniyy as-Suʿūdiyy" "Chant of the Saudi Nation" | |||||||||||||||||
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| Capital and largest city | Riyadh 24°39′N46°46′E / 24.650°N 46.767°E /24.650; 46.767 | ||||||||||||||||
| Official languages | Arabic[5] | ||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam (official)[6] | ||||||||||||||||
| Demonyms |
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| Government | Islamicabsolute monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||
| 13 January | |||||||||||||||||
| April 1913 | |||||||||||||||||
| 2 November 1921 | |||||||||||||||||
| 8 January 1926 | |||||||||||||||||
• Saudi Arabiaestablished | 23 September 1932 | ||||||||||||||||
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TheThird Saudi state is the heir to the two earlier Saudi states: thefirst and thesecond, founded byAbdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman (also known as "Ibn Saud"), who managed to capture the city ofRiyadh on January 13, 1902. A long series of conflicts and conquests ultimately led to the establishment of the modern and contemporary Saudi state, theKingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The third Saudi state was known at the beginning of its reign as "theEmirate of Riyadh" (1902–1913) and "theEmirate of Nejd and Hasa" (1913–1921). After the overthrow of the rival Emirate of Ha'il gave the Emirate of Najd and Al-Ahsa control of the entire Nejd region, it became known as theSultanate of Nejd. Abdul Aziz conquered theKingdom of Hejaz in 1925. He raised Nejd to a kingdom in 1927, and his dominions became known as theKingdom of Hejaz and Nejd and its annexes. Abdul Aziz administered the two portions of his dual kingdom separately until the annexation of the Southern Territory and the announcement of the establishment of theKingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932.[7]
According to the basic law, Sunni Islam is the official religion and the country's constitution is the Qur'an and the Sunna (traditions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad).
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