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The Right Honourable (abbreviation:The Rt Hon. or variations) is anhonorificstyle traditionally applied to certain persons and collective bodies in theUnited Kingdom, the formerBritish Empire, and theCommonwealth of Nations. The term is predominantly used today as a style associated with the holding of certain senior public offices in the United Kingdom,Canada,New Zealand, and, to a lesser extent,Australia andNepal.
Right in this context is anadverb meaning 'very' or 'fully'.[1] Grammatically,The Right Honourable is anadjectival phrase which gives information about a person.[2] As such, it is not considered correct to apply it in direct address, nor to use it on its own as a title in place of a name; but rather it is used in thethird person along with a name or noun to be modified.[3][4][a]
Right may be abbreviated toRt, andHonourable toHon., or both.The is sometimes dropped in written abbreviated form, but is always pronounced.
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According to theBritish government,[5] the following persons are entitled to be styledRight Honourable:
Privy counsellors are appointed by the sovereign on the advice of the prime minister, and remain members for life unless they resign or are expelled. In practice, membership of the privy council is granted to:
A large proportion of the former and current prominent politicians of the United Kingdom are thus entitled to be styledRight Honourable.
No new appointments have been made to thePrivy Council of Northern Ireland since 1971, but surviving appointed members remain entitled to the style. Non-British Commonwealth-citizen judges appointed to theJudicial Committee of the Privy Council are also entitled to the style, although the appellation may be ignored in the judge's home country.
It is the current practice of the House of Lords[12] and the College of Arms to apply the styleRight Honourable to privy counsellors only.[13]
All holders of a substantive peerage below the rank of marquess are entitled to be styledRight Honourable,[b] as are their wives and widows.[citation needed] However, a peer's heir who uses acourtesy title is not accorded the corresponding style.[citation needed] Peers above the rank of earl are entitled to different styles:dukes and duchesses are styledThe Most Noble orHis orHer Grace, andmarquesses and marchionesses are styled asThe Most Honourable.
In order to differentiate peers who are also members of the Privy Council—and therefore entitled to a style in both capacities—from peers who are not, thepost-nominal lettersPC can be used to identify the privy counsellors.[c] This applies to peers of all rank, as a holder of a dukedom or marquessate who becomes a Privy Counsellor retains their higher style and so could not be identified without the letters. In practice, in contexts where there might be confusion, official publications use the styleRight Honourable exclusively to identify privy counsellors.[27][13]
The lord mayors of London, Cardiff, Belfast and York; and the lord provosts of Edinburgh and Glasgow are all entitled to be styledRight Honourable while in office. The lord mayors of Belfast and Cardiff are so entitled by an explicit grant from the sovereign, and the others through ancient custom.[5] The style is used with the name of the office, not the personal name of the office-holder, e.g. "The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London" or "The Right Honourable the Lord Provost of the City of Edinburgh".[28]
Other lord mayors may be styledRight Worshipful, and other lord provosts do not use a style. By the 1920s, a number of city mayors, including the Lord Mayor of Leeds,[29] were unofficially using the styleRight Honourable, and the matter was consequently raised in parliament. The Lord Mayor of Bristol at present still uses the styleRight Honourable, without official permission.[30][31] In guidance issued in June 2003, theCrown Office recommended that the lord provosts of Aberdeen and Dundee be styledRight Honourable in the same manner as those of Edinburgh and Glasgow.[28]
TheChairman of the London County Council (LCC) was granted the style in 1935 as part of the celebrations of thesilver jubilee of KingGeorge V.[32] The Chairman of theGreater London Council (GLC), the body that replaced the LCC in 1965, was similarly granted the style[33] until the GLC was abolished in 1986.
Right Honourable is also used as a style by theLord Lyon King of Arms in office,[34][35][36] preceding his title rather than his personal name, as with other applications ex officio.
In the chamber of theHouse of Commons,members are not permitted to address each other directly, nor to name other members, but must instead address thespeaker and refer to other members indirectly. This practice is intended to enforce a polite tone to maintain order and good honour.[37] Only the occupant of the Chair addresses Members by name. Members generally refer to one another as "myhonourable friend" if in the sameparty, and "the honourable gentleman/lady/member" otherwise. If needed, constituencies ("the honourable member for ...") or ministerial offices (e.g. "my right honourable friend the Prime Minister") can be used for clarity.[d]
Referring to one another ashonourable is merely a courtesy used within the House, and is not a style used outside the chamber. However, when a member is in fact entitled to be styledRight Honourable (in practice always through membership of the Privy Council), they are referred to as such in the chamber. Further embellishments are traditionally applied to clergy (reverend), military officers (gallant) and barristers (learned), a practice recommended to be abolished following a 2010 report of theModernisation Committee, but in practice continued.[38][39] In summary:
Right Honourable is added as a prefix to the name of various collective entities, including:
In Canada, occupants of only the three most senior public offices are styled asRight Honourable (Le/La très honorable in French). Formerly, this was by virtue of their appointment to thePrivy Council of the United Kingdom. However, Canadian appointments to the British Privy Council were ended by the government ofLester Pearson. Currently, individuals who hold, or have held, one of the following offices are awarded the style ofRight Honourable for life:
The Right Honourable is not to be confused withHis orHer Excellency, used by governors general during their term of office, orthe Honourable, used only while in office (except in Nova Scotia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Ontario, where honorary members of the Executive Council enjoy the title permanently) by provincialpremiers and cabinet ministers, and for life bysenators and members of theKing's Privy Council for Canada (chiefly cabinet ministers, as well as other figures such as party leaders or provincial premiers who may be appointed from time to time).
The title may also be granted for life by the governor general to eminent Canadians who have not held any of the offices that would otherwise entitle them to the style. This has been done on two occasions: to eight prominent political figures to mark the 125th anniversary ofCanadian Confederation in 1992,[e] and to longtime Member of ParliamentHerb Gray upon his retirement in 2002.
| Person | Birthplace | Office | Born | Granted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark Carney | Fort Smith, Northwest Territories | Prime Minister | 16 March 1965 | 14 March 2025 |
| Justin Trudeau | Ottawa, Ontario | Former prime minister | 25 December 1971 | 4 November 2015 |
| Stephen Harper | Toronto, Ontario | 30 April 1959 | 6 February 2006 | |
| Paul Martin | Windsor, Ontario | 28 August 1938 | 12 December 2003 | |
| Jean Chrétien | Shawinigan, Quebec | 11 January 1934 | 4 November 1993 | |
| Kim Campbell | Port Alberni, British Columbia | 10 March 1947 | 25 June 1993 | |
| Joe Clark | High River, Alberta | 5 June 1939 | 4 June 1979 | |
| Mary Simon | Fort Severight, Quebec | Governor general | 21 August 1947 | 26 July 2021 |
| Julie Payette | Montreal, Quebec | Former governor general | 20 October 1963 | 2 October 2017 |
| David Johnston | Sudbury, Ontario | 28 June 1941 | 1 October 2010 | |
| Michaëlle Jean | Port-au-Prince, Haiti | 6 September 1957 | 27 September 2005 | |
| Adrienne Clarkson | Hong Kong | 10 February 1939 | 7 October 1999 | |
| Edward Schreyer | Beausejour, Manitoba | 21 December 1935 | 22 January 1979 | |
| Richard Wagner | Montreal, Quebec | Chief justice | 2 April 1957 | 18 December 2017 |
| Beverley McLachlin | Pincher Creek, Alberta | Former chief justice | 7 September 1943 | 7 January 2000 |
Over the years, a number of prominent Canadians became members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom and thus were entitled to use the styleRight Honourable, either because of their services in Britain (e.g. serving as envoys to London) or as members of theImperial War Cabinet, or due to their prominence in theCanadian Cabinet. These included all but three of Canada's early prime ministers (Alexander Mackenzie,John Abbott, andMackenzie Bowell), who governed before the title was used domestically.
Previously in New Zealand theprime minister and some other senior cabinet ministers were customarily appointed to thePrivy Council of the United Kingdom and thus styledRight Honourable.[45]
Helen Clark did not recommend the appointment of any new privy counsellors during her tenure as Prime Minister, from 1999 to 2008. In 2009 it was announced that her successor,John Key, had decided not to make any further recommendations tothe Crown for appointments to the Privy Council.[46]
In August 2010, theQueen of New Zealand announced that, with immediate effect, individuals who hold, and those persons who after the date of the signing of these rules are appointed to, the following offices are awarded the styleRight Honourable for life:[45]
This change was made because the practice of appointing New Zealanders to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom had ceased. However, the change had little immediate effect, as all but two of the holders or living former holders of the offices granted the style had already been appointed to the Privy Council.[47][48]
The living New Zealanders holding the styleRight Honourable as a result of membership of the Privy Council are:
The living New Zealanders holding the styleThe Right Honourable for life as a result of the 2010 changes are:
| Name | Reason | Date Granted |
|---|---|---|
| Sir Anand Satyanand | Former Governor-General | 2 August 2010 |
| Sir John Key | Former Prime Minister | |
| Sir Lockwood Smith | Former Speaker of the House of Representatives | |
| Sir Jerry Mateparae | Former Governor-General | 31 August 2011 |
| Sir David Carter | Former Speaker of the House of Representatives | 31 January 2013 |
| Dame Patsy Reddy | Former Governor-General | 28 September 2016 |
| Sir Bill English | Former Prime Minister | 12 December 2016 |
| Dame Jacinda Ardern | 26 October 2017 | |
| Sir Trevor Mallard | Former Speaker of the House of Representatives | 7 November 2017 |
| Dame Helen Winkelmann | Chief Justice | 14 March 2019 |
| Dame Cindy Kiro | Governor-General | 21 October 2021 |
| Adrian Rurawhe | Former Speaker of the House of Representatives | 24 August 2022 |
| Chris Hipkins | Former Prime Minister | 25 January 2023 |
| Christopher Luxon | Prime Minister | 27 November 2023 |
| Gerry Brownlee | Speaker of the House of Representatives | 5 December 2023 |
During the periods of its existence, thePrime Minister of Kenya post was styledRight Honourable. In post-independence Kenya two people have been styled with the "right honorable" title. The country's founding presidentJomo Kenyatta who was the first prime minister of Kenya andRaila Amolo Odinga, who served as the country's second prime minister between 2008 and 2013.Raila Odinga also known as Baba (Political father and Enigma) is a towering icon in Africa, well known for hisPan-Africanism and championing for good governance. Theprime ministers of Namibia andUganda are both currently styled with the same honorific. The speaker and deputy speaker of theParliament of Uganda are also entitled to the style.
The prime ministers ofBarbados,Grenada,Saint Lucia,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines andTrinidad and Tobago are styled asRight Honourable. TheWest Indies Federation prime minister was also styled as such during that office's short existence.
In Malaysia, only thePrime Minister, his or herdeputy,four judges of the Federal Court[f] and MPs who are titledTun are styled asRight Honourable (Malay: Yang Amat Berhormat, Yang Amat Arif for judges) at the federal level. For the state level, all theMenteris Besar, Chief Ministers and Premier along with their deputies are also styledRight Honourable.
In Nepal, thepresident,vice president speaker of the House of Representatives,prime minister andchief justice are formally styledRight Honourable (Nepali:सम्माननीय,romanized: Sammānanīya). Ministers, members of parliament (Lower and Upper Houses and provincial parliaments) and Chief ministers of provinces are styled "Honourable" only. It is usually joked during informal discussions about the use of the word "Honourable" to differentiate senior and less senior government dignitories. It can also be spelled in English asThe Rt. Hon’ble.
InSouth Korea, thePresident,Prime Minister,Speaker of the National Assembly andChief Justice can use theRight Honourable style.[citation needed]
In the Spanishautonomous community ofCatalonia, thepresident of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the president of theParliament of Catalonia are formally referred as theRight Honourable.
In Australia, thelord mayors ofAdelaide,Brisbane,Hobart,Melbourne,Perth andSydney are entitled to be styledRight Honourable while in office.
Historically, a number of Australians were entitled to the style as members of thePrivy Council of the United Kingdom. Appointment to the Australian equivalent of the Privy Council, theFederal Executive Council, does not entitle a person to the style. Typical appointees to the Imperial Privy Council included senior politicians and judges at state and federal level.Malcolm Fraser in 1976 was the most recent prime minister to accept appointment to the Privy Council and thus to be styledRight Honourable. Of his 21 predecessors, only four were not members of the Privy Council –Alfred Deakin (declined appointment),Chris Watson (never offered),Arthur Fadden (accepted after leaving office), andGough Whitlam (declined appointment). The last Governor-General to be entitled to the style wasSir Ninian Stephen, who left office in 1988. The last active politician to be entitled to the style wasIan Sinclair, who retired in 1998. The few Australian recipients of British peerages were also entitled to the style.
Present-day Australian governments no longer recommend Australians for elevation to the peerage or appointment to the Privy Council. However, some present-day Australian citizens either hold hereditary peerages (e.g.Malcolm Murray, 12th Earl of Dunmore).
Members of thePrivy Council of Ireland were entitled to be styledRight Honourable, even after the Privy Council ceased to have any functions or to meet on the creation of theIrish Free State in December 1922. Nevertheless, theLord Mayor of Dublin, like some of his counterparts in Great Britain, retained the use of the honorific style as a result of its having been conferred separately by legislation; in 2001 it was removed, as a consequence oflocal government law reform.[citation needed]
InSri Lanka (formerly known asCeylon) the British practice was followed with Ceylonese members of thePrivy Council of the United Kingdom were styledRight Honourable and were referred to asMahamanya inSinhala. Ceylonese appointees to the privy council includedD. S. Senanayake andSir John Kotelawala.[49]
... earls, viscounts, and barons are 'right honourable', ...
Dr Joseph John Morrow CBE QC LLD DL FRSE, The Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms
Anyone believing they have a better claim to the dignity of the Barony of Cartsburn should write to the Rt Hon Lord Lyon at H.M. New Register House, Edinburgh, EH1 3YT within 40 calendar days ...
The Right Honourable the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the head of Lyon Court, is the most junior of the Great Officers of State in Scotland ...
My hon. and reverend Friend the Member for Belfast, South (Rev. Martin Smyth) ...
... as raised by my right hon. and gallant Friend the Member for Bournemouth East (Mr Ellwood).
My right hon. and gallant Friend, who made such a great speech earlier ...
I know that the right hon. and learned Gentleman is eligible for his booster.
