| Author | Leon Trotsky |
|---|---|
| Translator | John G. Wright |
| Language | Russian,English |
| Genre | Non-Fiction |
| Publisher | |
Publication date | 1930 |
| Publication place | Soviet Union |
| Media type | Print. |
The Permanent Revolution and Results and Prospects is a 1930 book published byBolshevik-Soviet politician and former head ofThe Red ArmyLeon Trotsky.[1] It was first published by the Left Opposition in theRussian language in Germany in 1930.[2]: 4 The book was translated into English by John G. Wright and published byNew Park Publications in 1931.[3]
"The Permanent Revolution" is a 1928 essay written by Leon Trotsky in response to criticism given by Soviet politicianKarl Radek. The work was published in Russian byThe Left Opposition after the expulsion of Trotsky fromThe Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1927. It is apolitical theory book by Trotsky.[2]: 4 Its title is the name of the concept ofpermanent revolution advocated by Trotsky andTrotskyists in opposition to the concept ofsocialism in one country as advocated byJoseph Stalin andStalinists.[2]: 17
This was published after the death ofVladimir Lenin which triggered a power struggle within military, bureaucratic, legislative bodies within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.General SecretaryJoseph Stalin formed a political alliance withLev Kamenev,Grigory Zinoviev andNikolai Bukharin, who opposed Trotsky within thePolitburo and theCentral Committee. Stalin's bloc pursued an isolationist policy referred to asSocialism in One Country, which emphasized placing economic development beforeworld revolution. Trotsky in contrast, saw this as a revisionist deviation fromMarxism andLeninism, and in contrast proclaimed the Marxist ideology strategy ofpermanent revolution.[3]
Results and Prospects is a 1906 essay written by Trotsky as a reaction to the1905 Russian Revolution.[4]
According to political scientist Baruch Knei-Paz, Trotsky's theory of "permanent revolution" was grossly misrepresented by Stalin asdefeatist and adventurist during the succession struggle when in fact Trotsky encouraged revolutions in Europe but was not at any time proposing "reckless confrontations" with the capitalist world.[5] In the view of Knei-Paz, Trotsky was in fact supportive of economic reforms such as a rapid pace ofindustrialisation and a positive approach to internal possibilities, this would later be appropriated by Stalin but for the purpose of supporting his drive for socialism in one country.[6]
Biographer,Isaac Deutscher, stated that Trotsky explicitly supported revolution throughproletarian internationalism but was opposed to achieving this viamilitaryconquest.[7] Deutscher made references to his documented opposition to thewar with Poland in 1920, his proposed armistice with theEntente and temperance with staginganti-British revolts in the Middle East.[8]
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