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 Japanese-language version of the modern edition ofThe Game of Life | |
| Designers |
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|---|---|
| Publishers | Milton Bradley Company (Classic)
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| Publication |
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| Genres | Board game |
| Players | 2 to 4 or 6 |
| Setup time | 5 minutes (approx.) |
| Playing time | 45 minutes (approx.) |
| Chance | High (spinning a wheel, card-drawing, luck) |
| Age range | 8+ |
| Skills | Counting, reading |
The Game of Life, also known simply asLife, is aboard game originally created in 1860 byMilton Bradley asThe Checkered Game of Life, the first ever board game for his own company, theMilton Bradley Company. The game simulates a person's travels through their life, from early adulthood toretirement, withcollege if necessary, jobs,marriage, and possible children along the way. Up to six players, depending on the version, can participate in a single game.[2] Variations of the game accommodate up to ten players.
The modern version was originally published 100 years later, in 1960. It was created and co-designed by Bill Markham andReuben Klamer, respectively,[3] and was "heartily endorsed" byArt Linkletter. It is now part of the permanent collection of theSmithsonian'sNational Museum of American History and an inductee into theNational Toy Hall of Fame.
The game was originally created in 1860 byMilton Bradley asThe Checkered Game of Life, and was the first game created by Bradley, a successfullithographer. The game sold 45,000 copies by the end of its first year. Like many 19th-century games, such asThe Mansion of Happiness byS. B. Ives[page needed] in 1843, it had a strongmoral message.[4]
The game board resembled a modifiedcheckerboard. The object was to land on "good" spaces and collect 100 points. As insnakes and ladders, some spaces caused the player to move up or down to a different space. A player could gain 50 points by reaching "Happy Old Age" in the upper-right corner, opposite "Infancy" where one began.Instead ofdice – which were associated with gambling – players used a six-sided top called ateetotum. This version was produced until[when?]
In 1960 theGame of Life was introduced. A collaboration betweenReuben Klamer and Stephen Withers, it consists of a track which passes along, over, and through smallmountains, buildings, and other features. A player travels along the track in a small plastic automobile, according to the spins of a small wheel on the board with spaces numbered one through ten. Each car has six holes into which pegs are added as the player "gets married" and "acquires children". Some "early modern" editions have eight cars. The modern game pegs arepink and blue to distinguish the sexes (blue for male, pink for female). Each player starts the game with one peg.
There is also a bank which includes money in $5,000, $10,000, $20,000, $50,000, and $100,000 bills; automobile, life, fire, and/or homeowners'insurance policies (depending on the version); $20,000promissory notes andstock certificates. Other tangibles vary between versions of the game. $500 bills were dropped in the 1980s as were $1,000 bills in 1992. The rules in all different modern versions of the game are generally the same even though they may have different cards and spaces.
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The Game of Life, copyrighted by the Milton Bradley Company in 1960, had some differences from later versions. For example, once a player reached the "Day of Reckoning" space, they had to choose one of two options. The first was to continue along the road to "Millionaire Acres," if the player believed they had enough money to out-score all opponents. The second option was to try to become a "Millionaire Tycoon" by betting everything on one number and spinning the wheel. The player immediately won the game if the chosen number came up, or went to the "Poor Farm" and was eliminated if it did not. If no player became a Millionaire Tycoon, the one with the highest final total won the game. In addition, there were spaces that forced a player to go back; in the case a player landed on one of these, they were forced to take the shortest route and pay no attention to any penalties and rewards in doing so.
This version hadArt Linkletter as the spokesman, included his likeness on the $100,000 bills (with his name displayed on the bills as "Arthur LinkletterEsq.") and a rousing endorsement from Linkletter on the cover of the box. It was advertised as a "Milton Bradley 100th Anniversary Game" and as "A Full 3-D Action Game."
As of 2022, Winning Moves markets a classic 1960s edition.
About halfway through the production of this version, many dollar values doubled. This description focuses on the later version with the largerdollar amounts. Early 1960s-era convertibles were still used in the 1978 edition, while the late 1980s version replaced the convertibles with minivans. The "Poor Farm" was renamed "Bankrupt!" in which losing players would "Retire to the country and become a philosopher", and "Millionaire Acres" was shortened to "Millionaire!" in which the winner can "Retire in style". Like the 1960s version, there were spaces that forced a player to go back; in the case a player landed on one of these, they were forced to take the shortest route and pay no attention to any penalties and rewards in doing so.
The gold "Revenge" squares added a byline, "Sue for damages", in the 1978 edition.[5]
Exactly seven years afterHasbro acquired theMilton Bradley Company,The Game of Life was updated in 1991 to reward players for good behavior, such as recycling trash and helping the homeless, by awarding players "Life Tiles", each of which was worth a certain amount.[6] At the end of the game, players added up the amounts on the tiles to their cash total, and counted towards the final total. The spaces that forced players to go back were removed, starting with this version.
The 1998PC and SonyPlayStation video game adaptations ofThe Game of Life by Hasbro'sown video game production company are based on this version. Players could play either the "classic" version using the Life Tiles, or the "enhanced" version where landing on a space with a Life Tile allows players to play one of several mini-games. In addition, in the enhanced version, landing on a Pay Day space allows a player to take their salary from any opponent of their choice. Should a player get married and/or have children, they collect presents from the other players. The PC version was later re-released in 2003 byAtari Interactive, under ownership fromInfogrames Entertainment SA, as the result of a merger between Hasbro Interactive and the old Atari Interactive.
An updated version of the game was released in 2005 with a few gameplay changes. The newGame of Life reduced the element ofchance, although it is still primarily based on chance and still rewards players for taking risks.
The 2013 version removed the lawsuit square which was replaced by a lawsuit card. A new "keep this card for 100k" feature was added as well.
The 2017 version includes pegs and squares for acquiring pets.
Includes invest cards and 6 different peg colors. Also included a pets edition.
The Game of LifeWindows game (2008)
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