"The First Nowell" (orNowel),[1] modernised as "The First Noel"[2] (orNoël), is a traditional EnglishChristmas carol withCornish origins most likely from theearly modern period, although possibly earlier.[3] It is listed asnumber 682 in theRoud Folk Song Index.
"The First Nowell" is ofCornish origin. Its current form was first published inCarols Ancient and Modern (1823) andGilbert and Sandys Carols (1833), both of which were edited byWilliam Sandys and arranged and edited byDavies Gilbert (who also wrote extra lyrics) forHymns and Carols of God.
Nowell is anEarly Modern English synonym of "Christmas" from FrenchNoël, "the Christmas season", ultimately from Latinnatalis [dies] "[day] of birth".[4] The word was regularly used in theburden of carols in the Middle Ages towards the early modern period;Sir Christèmas (Ritson Manuscript),[5] "Nowell sing we now all and some" (Trinity Carol Roll)[6] and "Nowel – out of youre slepe arise and wake" (Selden Carol Book) being 15th century examples.[7] As a result, the word also came to be used to mean a Christmas song or carol.
The melody is unusual among English folk melodies in that it consists of one musical phrase repeated twice, followed by a refrain which is a variation on that phrase. All three phrases end on the third of the scale. Writing in theJournal of the Folk-Song Society in 1915,Anne Gilchrist notes it was not recorded prior to Sandys' publication. She speculated based on a set ofchurch gallery parts discovered inWestmorland that the tune may have had its origin as atreble part to another carol "Hark, hark what news the angels bring"; her suggestion was that the treble part was passed downorally and was later remembered as the melody rather than a harmony.[8] A conjectural reconstruction of this earlier version can be found inThe New Oxford Book of Carols.[9]
Today, "The First Nowell" is usually performed in a four-part hymn arrangement by the English composerJohn Stainer, first published in hisCarols, New and Old in 1871.[3] Variations of its theme are included inVictor Hely-Hutchinson'sCarol Symphony.
American folkloristJames Madison Carpenter made audio recordings of several traditional versions of the song inCornwall in the early 1930s, which can be heard online via theVaughan Williams Memorial Library.[10][11][12]
In common with many traditional songs and carols, the lyrics vary across books. The versions compared below are taken fromThe New English Hymnal (1986) (which is the version used inHenry Ramsden Bramley andJohn Stainer'sCarols, New and Old),[1][13]Ralph Dunstan's gallery version in theCornish Songbook (1929)[14] and Reverend Charles Lewis Hutchins's version inCarols Old and Carols New (1916).[2]
Theannunciation to the shepherds and theadoration of the shepherds are episodes in thenativity of Jesus described in the second chapter of theGospel of Luke (Luke 2). TheStar of Bethlehem appears in the story of theMagi (the Wise Men) in theGospel of Matthew; it does not appear in the story of the shepherds.
The New English Hymnal.[13] | Cornish Songbook.[14] | Carols Old and Carols New.[2] |
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1. The first Nowell the angel did say | O well, O well, the Angels did say | The first Noel, the angels say |
2. They looked up and saw a star, | And then there did appear a Star, | The shepherds rose, and saw a star |
3. And by the light of that same star, | And by the light of that same Star, | Now by the light of this bright star |
4. This star drew nigh to the north-west; | The Star went before them unto the North West, | Then drawing nigh to the northwest, |
5. Then entered in those Wise Men three, | Then enter'd in these Wise Men three, | |
'Tween an ox manger and an ass, |
Chart (2010) | Peakposition |
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South Korea International (Gaon)[15] | 62 |
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carol of the 16th or 17th century, but possibly dating from as early as the 13th century.Barrie Jones, ed. (2014). "carol".The Hutchinson Concise Dictionary of Music. Routledge.
Christmas carols were common as early as the 15th century. ... Many carols, such as 'God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen' and 'The First Nowell', date from the 16th century or earlier.