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The First Noel

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
English Christmas carol
For the choral work by Ralph Vaughan Williams, seeThe First Nowell (Vaughan Williams).

"The First Nowell" inCarols, New and Old (1879)[1]

"The First Nowell" (orNowel),[1] modernised as "The First Noel"[2] (orNoël), is a traditional EnglishChristmas carol withCornish origins most likely from theearly modern period, although possibly earlier.[3] It is listed asnumber 682 in theRoud Folk Song Index.

Origin and history

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"The First Nowell" is ofCornish origin. Its current form was first published inCarols Ancient and Modern (1823) andGilbert and Sandys Carols (1833), both of which were edited byWilliam Sandys and arranged and edited byDavies Gilbert (who also wrote extra lyrics) forHymns and Carols of God.

Nowell is anEarly Modern English synonym of "Christmas" from FrenchNoël, "the Christmas season", ultimately from Latinnatalis [dies] "[day] of birth".[4] The word was regularly used in theburden of carols in the Middle Ages towards the early modern period;Sir Christèmas (Ritson Manuscript),[5] "Nowell sing we now all and some" (Trinity Carol Roll)[6] and "Nowel – out of youre slepe arise and wake" (Selden Carol Book) being 15th century examples.[7] As a result, the word also came to be used to mean a Christmas song or carol.

The melody is unusual among English folk melodies in that it consists of one musical phrase repeated twice, followed by a refrain which is a variation on that phrase. All three phrases end on the third of the scale. Writing in theJournal of the Folk-Song Society in 1915,Anne Gilchrist notes it was not recorded prior to Sandys' publication. She speculated based on a set ofchurch gallery parts discovered inWestmorland that the tune may have had its origin as atreble part to another carol "Hark, hark what news the angels bring"; her suggestion was that the treble part was passed downorally and was later remembered as the melody rather than a harmony.[8] A conjectural reconstruction of this earlier version can be found inThe New Oxford Book of Carols.[9]

Today, "The First Nowell" is usually performed in a four-part hymn arrangement by the English composerJohn Stainer, first published in hisCarols, New and Old in 1871.[3] Variations of its theme are included inVictor Hely-Hutchinson'sCarol Symphony.

American folkloristJames Madison Carpenter made audio recordings of several traditional versions of the song inCornwall in the early 1930s, which can be heard online via theVaughan Williams Memorial Library.[10][11][12]

Textual comparison

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In common with many traditional songs and carols, the lyrics vary across books. The versions compared below are taken fromThe New English Hymnal (1986) (which is the version used inHenry Ramsden Bramley andJohn Stainer'sCarols, New and Old),[1][13]Ralph Dunstan's gallery version in theCornish Songbook (1929)[14] and Reverend Charles Lewis Hutchins's version inCarols Old and Carols New (1916).[2]

Theannunciation to the shepherds and theadoration of the shepherds are episodes in thenativity of Jesus described in the second chapter of theGospel of Luke (Luke 2). TheStar of Bethlehem appears in the story of theMagi (the Wise Men) in theGospel of Matthew; it does not appear in the story of the shepherds.

The New English Hymnal.[13]Cornish Songbook.[14]Carols Old and Carols New.[2]

1. The first Nowell the angel did say
Was to certain poor shepherds in fields as they lay;
In fields where they lay, keeping their sheep,
On a cold winter's night that was so deep:
Refrain
Nowell, Nowell, Nowell, Nowell,
Born is the King of Israel.

O well, O well, the Angels did say
To shepherds there in the fields did lay;
Late in the night a-folding their sheep,
A winter's night, both cold and bleak.
Refrain
O well, O well, O well, O well,
Born is the King of Israel.

The first Noel, the angels say
To Bethlehem's shepherds as they lay.
At midnight watch, when keeping sheep,
The winter wild, the light snow deep
Refrain
Noel, Noel, Noel, Noel
Born is the King of Israel.

2. They looked up and saw a star,
Shining in the east, beyond them far:
And to the earth it gave great light,
And so it continued both day and night:

And then there did appear a Star,
Whose glory then did shine so far:
Unto the earth it gave a great light,
And there it continued a day and a night.

The shepherds rose, and saw a star
Bright in the East, beyond them far,
Its beauty gave them great delight,
This star it set now day nor night.

3. And by the light of that same star,
Three Wise Men came from country far;
To seek for a King was their intent,
And to follow the star whersoever it went:

And by the light of that same Star,
Three Wise Men came from country far;
To seek a King was their intent –
They follow'd the Star wherever it went.

Now by the light of this bright star
Three wise men came from country far;
They sought a king, such their intent,
The star their guide where'er it went.

4. This star drew nigh to the north-west;
O'er Bethlehem it took its rest;
And there it did both stop and stay
Right over the place where Jesus lay:

The Star went before them unto the North West,
And seemed o'er the City of Bethlehem to rest,
And there did remain by night and by day,
Right over the place where Jesus Christ lay.

Then drawing nigh to the northwest,
O'er Bethlehem town it took its rest;
The wise men learnt its cause of stay,
And found the place where Jesus lay.

5. Then entered in those Wise Men three,
Full reverently upon their knee,
And offered there in his presence,
Theirgold andmyrrh andfrankincense:

Then enter'd in these Wise Men three,
With reverence fall on their knee,
And offer'd up in His presence
The gifts of gold and frankincense.

6. Then let us all with oneaccord
Sing praises to our heavenly Lord
That hath made heaven and earthof nought,
And with his blood mankind hath bought:

'Tween an ox manger and an ass,
Our Blest Messiah's place it was;
To save us all from bond and thrall,
He was a Redeemer for us all!

Charts

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Mariah Carey version

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Chart (2010)Peakposition
South Korea International (Gaon)[15]62

Whitney Houston version

[edit]

Weekly charts

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Chart (2012–21)Peakposition
U.S.Gospel Digital Songs (Billboard)[16]12
U.S. Gospel Streaming Songs (Billboard)[17]1
U.S.Holiday 100 (Billboard)[18]99

Year-end charts

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Chart (2017)Peakposition
U.S. Gospel Streaming Songs (Billboard)[19]49
Chart (2018)Peakposition
U.S. Gospel Streaming Songs (Billboard)[20]21
Chart (2019)Peakposition
U.S. Gospel Streaming Songs (Billboard)[21]48

Glee Cast version

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Chart (2012–2013)Peakposition
U.S.Holiday Digital Song Sales (Billboard)[22]49
Chart (2020)Peakposition
CanadaAC (Billboard)[23]33
USBillboard Hot 100[24]78
USHot Country Songs (Billboard)[25]19

TobyMac andOwl City version

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Chart (2011–12)Peak
position
USChristian Songs (Billboard)[26]30
USHoliday Digital Song Sales (Billboard)[27]18

See also

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References

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  1. ^abcHenry Ramsden Bramley andJohn Stainer,"The First Nowell" inCarols New and Old (London: Novello, Ewer & Co., c. 1878).
  2. ^abcRev. Charles Lewis Hutchins,Carols Old and Carols New (Boston: Parish Choir, 1916), No. 643.
  3. ^ab"The First Nowell".Hymns and Carols of Christmas.carol of the 16th or 17th century, but possibly dating from as early as the 13th century.Barrie Jones, ed. (2014). "carol".The Hutchinson Concise Dictionary of Music. Routledge.Christmas carols were common as early as the 15th century. ... Many carols, such as 'God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen' and 'The First Nowell', date from the 16th century or earlier.
  4. ^"Noel".Eytmonline: Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved29 December 2011.
  5. ^British Library, Add.5665, inEdith Rickert,Ancient English Christmas Carols: 1400–1700 (London: Chatto & Windus, 1914), p. 218
  6. ^"The James Catalogue of Western Manuscripts O.3.58"Archived 24 December 2014 at theWayback Machine, Trinity College Library, Cambridge 2014
  7. ^Selden MS, B.26 f.14v. in Edith Rickert (1914), pp. 165–166.
  8. ^Annie G. Gilchrist, "Note on the Carol 'The First Nowell'",Journal of the Folk-Song Society519 (June 1915), pp. 240–242.JSTOR 4434017
  9. ^Hugh Keyte andAndrew Parrott,The New Oxford Book of Carols (Oxford University Press, 1992)ISBN 0-19-353323-5.
  10. ^"First Noel, The (VWML Song Index SN16732)".Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved4 October 2020.
  11. ^"First Noel, The (VWML Song Index SN16739)".Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved4 October 2020.
  12. ^"First Noel, The (VWML Song Index SN16748)".Vaughan Williams Memorial Library. Retrieved4 October 2020.
  13. ^abThe New English Hymnal, (Canterbury Press, 1986), No. 36.
  14. ^abRalph Dunstan,The Cornish Song Book (London: Reid Bros., 1929), p. 126.
  15. ^"2010년 48주차 Digital Chart" (in Korean).Gaon. Retrieved26 January 2021.
  16. ^"Whitney Houston Chart History (Gospel Digital Songs)".Billboard. Retrieved6 April 2022.
  17. ^"Whitney Houston Chart History (Hot Gospel Streaming Songs)".Billboard. Retrieved6 April 2022.
  18. ^"Whitney Houston Chart History (Holiday 100)".Billboard. Retrieved6 April 2022.
  19. ^"Hot Gospel Streaming Songs Year End 2017".Billboard. Retrieved29 October 2021.
  20. ^"Hot Gospel Streaming Songs Year End 2018".Billboard. Retrieved29 October 2021.
  21. ^"Hot Gospel Streaming Songs Year End 2019".Billboard. Retrieved29 October 2021.
  22. ^"Glee Cast Chart History (Holiday Digital Song Sales)".Billboard. Retrieved7 November 2020.
  23. ^"Gabby Barrett Chart History (Canada AC)".Billboard. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  24. ^"Gabby Barrett Chart History (Hot 100)".Billboard. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  25. ^"Gabby Barrett Chart History (Hot Country Songs)".Billboard. Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  26. ^"Owl City – Chart History: Christian Songs".Billboard. Archived fromthe original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved19 February 2023.
  27. ^"Owl City Chart History (Holiday Digital Song Sales)".Billboard. Archived fromthe original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved19 February 2023.

External links

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