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The Beverly Hills Hotel

Coordinates:34°4′53.17″N118°24′49.29″W / 34.0814361°N 118.4136917°W /34.0814361; -118.4136917
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Famous California hotel

The Beverly Hills Hotel
The entrance to the hotel
Map
Interactive map of the The Beverly Hills Hotel area
General information
StatusCompleted
TypeHotel
Architectural styleMediterranean Revival
Location9641Sunset Boulevard,Beverly Hills, California,United States
Coordinates34°4′53.17″N118°24′49.29″W / 34.0814361°N 118.4136917°W /34.0814361; -118.4136917
OpenedMay 12, 1912
OwnerDorchester Collection
Design and construction
ArchitectElmer Grey
DeveloperMargaret and Stanley Anderson
Awards and prizesMichelin keyMichelin keyMichelin key
DesignationsCity of Beverly Hills Historic Landmark
Renovating team
ArchitectPaul R. Williams (1940s)
Other information
Number of rooms210 rooms
23 bungalows
Number of restaurants4 (Bar Nineteen12; Cabana Cafe; Fountain Coffee Room;Polo Lounge)
FacilitiesSpa, swimming pool
ParkingValet parking
Website
Official website

The Beverly Hills Hotel, also calledthe Beverly Hills Hotel and Bungalows,[1][full citation needed] is located onSunset Boulevard inBeverly Hills, California. One of the world's best-known hotels,[2][3] it is closely associated withHollywood film stars, rock stars, and celebrities. The hotel has 210 guest rooms and suites and 23bungalows and the exterior bears the hotel's signature pink and green colors.

The Beverly Hills Hotel was established in May 1912, before the city itself was incorporated. The original owners wereMargaret J. Anderson, a wealthy widow, and her son, Stanley S. Anderson, who had been managing theHollywood Hotel. The original hotel was designed by Pasadena architectElmer Grey in theMediterranean Revival style. From 1928 to 1932, the hotel was owned by theInterstate Company. In 1941,Hernando Courtright, a vice president of theBank of America, purchased the hotel with friends includingIrene Dunne,Loretta Young, andHarry Warner. Courtright established thePolo Lounge, which is considered to be one of the premier dining spots in Los Angeles, hosting entertainers ranging from theRat Pack toHumphrey Bogart andMarlene Dietrich. The hotel was first painted its famous pink color during a 1948 renovation to match that period'scountry club style. The following year, architectPaul Williams added the Crescent Wing.

The strict resident owner of the Beverly Hills Hotel from 1958 until his death in 1979 was former Detroit real estate magnateBen L. Silberstein. In 1986,Marvin Davis bought the hotel from Silberstein's son-in-lawIvan Boesky. Less than a year later, Davis sold the hotel to theSultan of Brunei. On December 30, 1992, the hotel closed for a complete restoration, reopening on June 3, 1995. Since 1996, it has been run as part of theDorchester Collection. In 2012, the hotel was named the first historic landmark in Beverly Hills, and two new Presidential Bungalows were added.

The song "Hotel California" by the American rock band theEagles is slightly based on the folklore behind the hotel. The cover of the band's albumof the same name features a photo of the hotel itself.

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]

In early 1911,Margaret J. Anderson, a wealthy widow, and her son, Stanley S. Anderson, who had been managing theHollywood Hotel, ordered the construction of the Beverly Hills Hotel, in close proximity to theBurton Green mansion.[4][5][6] Burton Green, an oil tycoon and real estate developer, President of the Rodeo Land and Water Company, had purchased land in the foothills of theSanta Monica Mountains, which had once been owned by the Mexican government. He had begun building mansions on the land, including his own residence, investing some $500,000, but was having difficulty selling them.[7] He hired Anderson to build a hotel, which he named Beverly Farms, after his home in Massachusetts, believing that it would attract people to the area, billing it as "halfway between Los Angeles and the sea". The Hollywood film industry was taking off at the time, and investors were looking to develop the area.A May 11, 1911 edition of theLos Angeles Times announced the news that a "huge Mission-style hotel" was to be built by Anderson, with the motto that "her guests were entitled to the best of everything regardless of cost".[8]

The Beverly Hills Hotel under construction in 1912

The hotel opened May 12, 1912, before the city's existence.[5][9] Margaret and Stanley took up residence within the hotel grounds. By 1914, Hollywood directors, actors, and actresses, such asMary Pickford andDouglas Fairbanks,Charlie Chaplin,Gloria Swanson,Buster Keaton,Rudolph Valentino, andWill Rogers, had purchased homes in the area, "transforming bean fields surrounding The Beverly Hills Hotel into prime real estate".[7] The city of Beverly Hills was established in 1914. The first five bungalows of the hotel were built in 1915.[10] In 1919,Douglas Fairbanks and his wife,Mary Pickford, bought and expanded a lodge above the hotel, which they named Pickfair.[10] According to one publication, a star would know they had finally "made it" when they received an invitation to dine at Pickfair.[11]Gloria Swanson resided in one of the bungalows of the hotel during her divorce.[12]

In 1915, the Andersons donated a portion of the hotel's original grounds to the community of Beverly Hills. It was used to create the community's first public park. Originally known as Sunset Park, it is nowWill Rogers Memorial Park.[13] An early tradition was the annual Easter egg hunt, put on for the children of the guests and employees.[14]

Overlooking the back of the hotel and Beverly Hills in 1921

Silent film starHarold Lloyd was an early hotel patron, and in 1921, he decided to film a scene at the hotel forA Sailor-Made Man.[15] From 1928 to 1932, the hotel was owned by the Interstate Company. Interstate had to close the hotel during theGreat Depression years, although the company leased the bungalows out as rental properties. WithBank of America funding, the hotel reopened in 1932.[16]

The glamour years

[edit]
The hotel in 1925

During the 1930s, the Beverly Hills Hotel became increasingly popular with Hollywood film stars.Fred Astaire took a shine to the hotel and enjoyed readingDaily Variety andThe Hollywood Reporter by the pool.[12]Cesar Romero andCarole Lombard were pictured together at the hotel in 1937.[10] In 1938, the Sand and Pool Club was established at the hotel. It proved extremely popular, with white sand imported from Arizona, which made the pool area look like a beach. The following year, it began hosting fashion shows sponsored by local department stores, such asBullock's Wilshire.[16] In 1940, one of the hotel's long-time patrons,Marlene Dietrich, was instrumental in bringing about a change in policy in the Polo Lounge, which had made it compulsory for women to don skirts, which she refused to wear.[16]

In 1941,Hernando Courtright, a vice president of the Bank of America, purchased the hotel with friends.Irene Dunne,Loretta Young, andHarry Warner also became owners of the hotel as a result of their investment with Courtright.[17] Courtright established the Polo Lounge "in honor of a celebrity band of polo players who toasted victories at the restaurant after matches in the bean fields".[7] In 1942,Howard Hughes bought up half a dozen of the bungalows and lived there on several occasions throughout the decades.[10] The hotel accommodated his eccentricities, including his request for "roast beef sandwiches delivered to a nook in a tree".[12] The Beverly Hills Hotel underwent significant renovation in the late forties when theporte cochere was expanded and painted in stripes. In 1947, Courtright opened the Crystal Room and theLanai Restaurant, later calledThe Coterie. The building was first painted its famous pink color in 1948 to match the country club style of the period, and it became known as "the Pink Palace".[10] The following year, architectPaul Williams added the Crescent Wing. The Fountain Coffee Shop also opened at this time.[7]

Back in the days when celebrity was worn with the elegance and grace of diamonds and mink, the Beverly Hills Hotel was where the stars played. W.C. Fields, Humphrey Bogart and the Rat Pack tippled at the bar, Katharine Hepburn did a back flip into the pool in her tennis clothes, and Elizabeth Taylor honeymooned in the bungalows out back – six times. The Beverly Hills Hotel, known affectionately as "the pink palace," is as Old Hollywood as it gets. Joan Crawford regularly pulled up for lunch in a chauffeured Rolls-Royce the color of money, the Beatles slipped in through the back door for an after-hours dip in the pool, and Sidney Poitier danced barefoot in the lobby after winning an Oscar forLilies of the Field. ... Over the years, Hollywood discovered that the hotel's original 21 bungalows made an ideal spot to write a screenplay (Neil Simon), have a secret affair (Warren Beatty, pre-Annette Benning [sic]), and recover from plastic surgery or a broken marriage.

—CNN on The Beverly Hills Hotel.[12]

In 1954, Detroit real estate magnateBen L. Silberstein offered to buy the hotel for $4 million.[18] The deal was finally completed in 1958 for a reported $6 million.[19][20] Courtright later became the hotelier at theBeverly Wilshire Hotel.[6] The reputation of the Beverly Hills Hotel, as a leading luxury hotel with glamorous patrons, took off during the 1950s and attracted eminent guests, such as the Duke and Duchess of Windsor,Princess Margaret andLord Snowdon, KingAlbert II of Belgium,Rainier III, Prince of Monaco andPrincess Grace,John Wayne, andHenry Fonda.[7]Elizabeth Taylor, one of the hotel's best-known guests, would stay with her numerous husbands in the bungalows and spent six of her eight honeymoons there.[21] Her father owned an art gallery on the ground floor of the hotel. The Polo Lounge became associated withFrank Sinatra,Dean Martin, and theRat Pack, where they held heavy drinking bouts. In 1956, the pool of the hotel and cabana club was a filming location forDesigning Woman, starringGregory Peck andLauren Bacall.Marilyn Monroe andYves Montand stayed at the hotel during the production ofGeorge Cukor'sLet's Make Love.[7] Monroe's favorite bungalow was No. 7.[16]George Hamilton andRex Harrison enjoyed sunbathing at the hotel; Harrison would sunbathe in the nude in Cabana One and answer the door wearing "just a handkerchief over his private parts".[12]

In 1963, the comedy pictureWho's Been Sleeping in My Bed?, starringDean Martin,Elizabeth Montgomery,Jill St. John, andCarol Burnett, was shot at the hotel.[16] In the 1970s,John Lennon andYoko Ono hid out in one of the bungalows for a week.Richard M. Nixon's chief of staff,H.R. Haldeman, and presidential aideJohn Ehrlichman were eating breakfast in the Polo Lounge when they were informed of theWatergate burglary in 1972.[12] In January 1977,Peter Finch died of a sudden heart attack while sitting in the hotel lobby. Two months later, he was posthumously awarded theAcademy Award for Best Actor for his role as Howard Beale in the filmNetwork. His costarFaye Dunaway stayed at the hotel after winning theAcademy Award for Best Actress for the same film; in one memorable photograph, she was seated by the hotel pool lounging back in a chair surrounded by newspapers and her Oscar trophy.[16] The exterior of the hotel was featured in the cover art of theEagles' albumHotel California that same year.[5][22] Two years later,California Suite was filmed at the hotel.[7]

Later history

[edit]

Owner Ben Silberstein died in 1979 and passed the hotel to his two daughters, Muriel Slatkin and Seema Boesky, wife of stock traderIvan Boesky. Boesky bought the outstanding 5% of stock for a reported fortune and decided to sell, despite Slatkin's desire to keep the hotel. In 1986,Marvin Davis bought the hotel from Boesky for $136 million.[23] Less than a year later, Davis sold the hotel to the Sultan of Brunei,Hassanal Bolkiah, for $110 million.

On December 30, 1992, the hotel closed for a complete restoration, said to be in the region of $100–125 million.[17][21] The project lasted two and a half years with the hotel reopening on June 3, 1995, with upgrades to furniture and fittings. This was not unopposed, with a group of patrons includingIrving Link expressing their displeasure.[24][25]Since 1996 the hotel has been managed and owned by theDorchester Collection,[26] organized in 1996 to manage the hotel interests of theBrunei Investment Agency. In 2011, the West Coast regional director for the Dorchester Collection, Edward Mady, became the general manager of the Beverly Hills Hotel, as well as theHotel Bel-Air.[27][26] Mady was awarded the 2011 Hospitality Professional of the Year Award from the Food and Beverage Association[28] and Hotels Magazine's 2017 Hotelier of the World award.[29] In 2012, the hotel celebrated its 100-year anniversary and began to remodel its lobby, with the Polo Lounge, pool cabanas and Cabana Cafe, and guest-rooms and suites to be renovated by 2014.[25] The hotel was also named the first historic landmark inBeverly Hills in September 2012.[30] In 2022, John Scanlon became the hotel's general manager.[31]

Controversy and boycott

[edit]

A boycott of the hotel began in April 2014, when the Sultan of Brunei, part owner of the hotel, began changingBrunei's complex legal system to include aspects ofSharia law,[32] and in particular, codifying the persecution of homosexuals.[33] In protest, a United States national LGBT advocacy organization, the Gill Action Fund, canceled its reservation to hold a conference of major donors at the Beverly Hills Hotel and demanded a refund of its deposit. The hotel management responded by asserting that it does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation.[34][35]

Fashion designers Brian Atwood and Peter Som subsequently called for wider protests, urging the fashion industry to boycott all the hotels owned by the Dorchester Collection.[36] Meanwhile, the boycott had attracted support from SirRichard Branson of Virgin Group, as well as numerous Hollywood executives and stars, includingJay Leno andEllen DeGeneres.[5][37] A string of organizations joined the boycott, cancelling reservations to hold conferences and other high-profile events at the establishment; travel industry firms signed on to a boycott of all Dorchester Collection hotels.[37][38] Others, includingRussell Crowe andKim Kardashian, spoke out against the boycott. Crowe said that despite his disapproval of the new laws in Brunei, it is unfair to punish the hardworking employees of the hotel.[39] Similarly, Kardashian published a blog post voicing her criticism of the boycott and expressing her sympathies for the hotel workers.[40]HR Magazine said that the protests are "misguided" and will not affect the government policy of Brunei when the Dorchester Collection's annual revenue is $300 million, while theBIA has over $30 billion in assets from oil and gas.[41]

In May 2014, the Beverly Hills City Council passed a resolution urging the Sultan of Brunei to sell the hotel.[42][43][44]Lili Bosse, the then-mayor of Beverly Hills, welcomed the resolution and added that she had made a "personal decision" not to return to the hotel until the situation had been resolved.[42][45] The decision was lauded by RabbiLaura Geller ofTemple Emanuel, where Bosse is a congregant.[46] By then, theJewish Journal reported that "more than $2 million worth of events have been canceled at the Beverly Hills Hotel by dozens of groups."[47] Dorchester CollectionChief Executive OfficerChristopher Cowdray asked the public to consider that many brands are backed by foreign investors.[25] Sharia law exists alongside other normative systems and has been adopted by many other Muslim countries,[48] including Saudi Arabia, which has major investments in the American hospitality industry, including theFour Seasons andFairmont hotel chains.[25][32]

Adweek declared that "the bad press and protests have tarnished the glamorous image of the Beverly Hills Hotel, one of the most famous hotels in the world", and added that "such extreme brand damage will be difficult to repair".[37]

The hotel and otherDorchester properties faced renewed calls for boycott in April 2019, whenBrunei made gay sex and adultery punishable bydeath by stoning. The boycott attracted support from LA City ComptrollerRon Galperin and more celebrities, includingGeorge Clooney andElton John.[49] The LA City Council passed a resolution to bar the city from conducting business at the hotel and urging city residents not to patronize it.[50] TheDorchester Collection responded by saying they "do not tolerate any form of discrimination."[51] In May 2019, theSultan of Brunei said that his country's "de facto moratorium" on capital punishment would apply to cases under the new laws, and promised to ratify theUN Convention against Torture.[52] Despite this, LA City CouncilmanPaul Koretz asked the city to continue its boycott of the hotel.[53]

COVID-19 response

[edit]

During theCOVID-19 pandemic, the hotel remained open, but was forced to reschedule the events it had planned for the summer and fall of 2020. The hotel engaged in multiple donation campaigns to various organizations, such as the Children's Hospital Los Angeles and the Hollywood Food Coalition.[26] The hotel also fed frontline healthcare workers at L.A. hospitals via the Polo Lounge, an idea stemming from the hotel's general manager, Edward Mady.[54] The hotel also redesigned its sign for the first time in 70 years to honor those same frontline healthcare workers.[26]

Architecture

[edit]

Exterior

[edit]
The east wing (called the "New Wing"), from Crescent Drive

Judith Kirkwood ofOrange Coast Magazine has stated that "The Beverly Hills Hotel is such an icon that my friend, Gretchen, and I wondered if it was a mirage when the taxi pulled up in theporte cochere and deposited us on a red carpet, but realized that it was "more like a peachy pink dream dusted with gold — and green and white striped accents".[21]

The original main building of the Beverly Hills Hotel was designed by Pasadena architectElmer Grey, in theMediterranean Revival style. Built on a prominence above the main road below, it resembled a white colonial palatial mansion or mission, with verandas and arches fitted with wicker furniture,[13] and at the time was set in the countryside. High above the main entrance are three domes, two flanking the center, which are smaller and lower in height, with flags hoisted on them. A trolley-stop pavilion was situated on the western side.[55] The iconic signage and the addition were designed by architectPaul Williams.

The entrance (shown in 2015) has had this same look for many decades.[56]

The extensive gardens, covering 12 acres (4.9 ha), were designed by landscape architectWilbur David Cook. They containbougainvillea,banana plants,hibiscus, and other tropical flora.[12] Svend Petersen, theDanish-American pool manager at the hotel for forty-two years, became a Hotel Ambassador in 2002.[57] He had notably opened up the pool after hours for the Beatles and taught Faye Dunaway to swim a 1940s freestyle crawl for her appearance in the filmMommie Dearest.[57]

Interior

[edit]

A room known as the Crystal Room was allocated for small private dinner parties.[58] The principal dining room could accommodate up to 500 people. The children's dining room, which became the El Jardin Restaurant, is thePolo Lounge.[59] The lounge was renovated in 1974 and given a softer design with table lamps and flowers.[16] It is fashioned in peachy pink with dark green booths, each featuring a plug-in phone. The photograph behind the bar depictsWill Rogers andDarryl F. Zanuck, two lounge regulars, playing polo. The menu offers aNeil McCarthy salad, named after the polo-playing millionaire. The hotel has its own bakery and herb garden, makes its own vinegar, and smokes meats. The chef in 2003 was Katsuo Sugiura.[21] In 2007, one large suite was converted into theBar Nineteen12.[16] The fireplace in the hotel's lobby has a fire going every day of the year.[60]

A new wing was added to the east side of the main building along Crescent Drive in the late 1940s. The "Crescent Wing", as it became known, features mature plantings on the balconies.[16]

Rooms and bungalows

[edit]
Patio
View from bungalow
Living Room
Bedroom
Bungalow 14 A : Top from left: Patio and view from bungalow, bottom from left: living room and bedroom

Many of the rooms have their own balcony and are designed in the Beverly Hills Hotel colors of peachy pinks, greens, apricots, and yellows. Several of the more expensive rooms have private patios, Jacuzzis, and their own kitchens.[61]

Five bungalows were originally added to the gardens in 1915 to provide for families who could return each year with their own staff.[62] As of 2015, the hotel has 23 bungalows set out across the gardens. Bungalows 14-21 are known as "Bachelor's Row", due to their association with film stars and their affairs, includingWarren Beatty andOrson Welles.[12] In 1990, a private pool and Jacuzzi were added to Bungalow No. 5 to accommodate businessmanWalter Annenberg.[16] No. 5 had been a favorite ofElizabeth Taylor andRichard Burton, who had "a standing room service order for two bottles of vodka at breakfast, and two more at lunch".[12] Taylor also liked No. 3, where she stayed during her marriage toEddie Fisher. Marilyn Monroe favored No. 1 and No. 7. No. 1, the most secluded of the bungalows, features an interior described by CNN as "creamy, lush and traditional, decorated in the manner of one's wealthy grandparents". No. 7 has become known as "the "Norma Jean".[12] Dietrich ordered a 7 feet (2.1 m) by 8 feet (2.4 m) bed added to No. 10, the bungalow where John Lennon and Yoko Ono stayed in the 1970s.[12] No. 22 was favored byFrank Sinatra and later byDonald Trump.[63] In 2011, two Presidential Bungalows were established, replacing the tennis courts,[61] with each containing three bedrooms and a private swimming pool and shower.[16] As of 2018, a one-night stay at a bungalow may cost as much as $10,000.[63]

Howard Hughes permanently kept a bungalow at the hotel, but it was a secret whether he was on the premises or not. Often, the only person who knew Hughes was at the Beverly Hills Hotel was the hotel's chef. Hughes would awaken him in the middle of the night to prepare food for him.[64] It has been alleged that several of the bungalows are haunted. Guests have reported hearing what is believed to beHarpo Marx playing the harp and seeing an apparition ofSergei Rachmaninoff.[65]

Gallery of historic images

[edit]
  • Entrance
    Entrance
  • Main floor plan
    Main floor plan
  • Upper floor plan
    Upper floor plan
  • Lobby
    Lobby
  • Dining room
    Dining room
  • The hotel in 1913
    The hotel in 1913
  • The hotel in 1959
    The hotel in 1959

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"The Beverly Hills Hotel and Bungalows – The First 100 Years". Archived fromthe original on April 5, 2024. RetrievedApril 5, 2024.
  2. ^Edwards, Hodgkins & Keeling 2014, p. 136.
  3. ^Fleming 2000, p. 95.
  4. ^Wanamaker 2005, pp. 25, 32.
  5. ^abcdCallahan, Maureen (May 17, 2014)."A night at the vacant Beverly Hills Hotel".The New York Post. RetrievedMay 17, 2014.
  6. ^abStuart 1978.
  7. ^abcdefg"History of the Beverly Hills Hotel". The Dorchester Collection. Archived fromthe original on July 28, 2015.
  8. ^Wanamaker 2005, p. 25.
  9. ^Winter 2009, p. 152.
  10. ^abcde"Beverly Hills Hotel, 100 years".Huffington Post. June 1, 2012. RetrievedAugust 1, 2015.
  11. ^California, 1847–1852. Casa Editrice Bonechi. 1942. p. 133. GGKEY:BGP4QX2U66K. RetrievedAugust 1, 2015.
  12. ^abcdefghijk"Marilyn Monroe slept here". CNN. November 30, 2011. RetrievedAugust 1, 2015.
  13. ^abWanamaker 2005, p. 29.
  14. ^Wanamaker 2005, p. 30.
  15. ^Wanamaker 2005, p. 35.
  16. ^abcdefghijk"History Timeline". The Dorchester Collection. Archived fromthe original on March 21, 2015. RetrievedAugust 1, 2015.
  17. ^abChazanov, Mathis (December 20, 1992)."Beverly Hills Hotel to Close for Long-Overdue Face Lift: Renovation: Some fear a two-year hiatus will knock the celebrity haven off its crumbling pink pedestal".LA Times. RetrievedAugust 4, 2015.
  18. ^Hopper, Heda (June 5, 1954)."Hedda Hopper's Hollywood".Tucson Daily Citizen. p. 33. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  19. ^"Det. Syndicate Buys Bevhills for $6,000,000".Variety. September 3, 1958. p. 2. RetrievedMay 14, 2023.
  20. ^Associated Press (August 28, 1958)."Beverly Hills Hotel sold".The New York Times. p. 40. RetrievedMay 16, 2023.
  21. ^abcd"Orange Coast Magazine".Orange Coast. Emmis Communications: 46. February 2003.ISSN 0279-0483.
  22. ^Ochs 2014.
  23. ^Ronald L. Soble (December 6, 1986)."Marvin Davis Pays Cash for Beverly Hills Hotel".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  24. ^{cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1993/02/22/beverly-hills-hotel-paradise-lost}
  25. ^abcdBrooke Barnes (October 12, 2012)."The Dowager's Makeover".The New York Times. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  26. ^abcd"Edward Mady: The Man in Charge of the Beverly Hills Hotel and the Hotel Bel-Air on Giving Back to the Community, Staying Open During the Crisis, and Changing their Iconic Sign for the First Time in 70 Years".CSQ. May 5, 2020.
  27. ^"Christopher Cowdray, CEO, Dorchester Collection". Elite Traveler. March 13, 2013. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  28. ^"Edward Mady, People, University of Nevada, Las Vegas".unlv.edu. July 31, 2013.
  29. ^"Mary Gostelow Attends The Hotelier Of The Year Awards". November 17, 2017.
  30. ^Eliza Fisher (June 27, 2012)."Beverly Hills Hotel Is Historic Landmark: Iconic Hotel Named First Historic Landmark In Beverly Hills".The Huffington Post. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2013.
  31. ^"John Scanlon new General Manager for Dorchester Collection's Beverly Hills Hotel". eHotelier. March 11, 2022. RetrievedJune 4, 2022.
  32. ^abKate Pickert (May 15, 2014)."Moral Outrage Checking In at The Beverly Hills Hotel".Time Magazine. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  33. ^Brunei Darussalam(PDF) (Report). Yale Law School. November 2005. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on July 26, 2010. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  34. ^Johnson, Chris (April 17, 2014)."Secret gay donor conference moved from Brunei-owned hotel".Washington Blade. Washington, D.C. RetrievedApril 19, 2014.
  35. ^"Beverly Hills Hotel boycotted by LGBT group over Sultan of Brunei ownership".Hollywood Reporter. April 19, 2014. RetrievedApril 19, 2014.
  36. ^Tracer, Dan (April 22, 2014)."Moving backwards: How a stay at this iconic Los Angeles hotel supports the stoning to death of gays in Brunei".Queerty. RetrievedApril 22, 2014.
  37. ^abc"Beverly Hills Hotel boycott gathers steam".Adweek. New York City. May 6, 2014. RetrievedMay 6, 2014.
  38. ^Harris, Rachel Lee (May 6, 2014)."Travel companies boycott Brunei-owned hotel group".The New York Times. RetrievedMay 6, 2014.
  39. ^Curtis M. Wong (May 27, 2014)."Russell Crowe Defends Brunei-Owned Hotel Chain While Stressing Support For Gay Rights".Huffington Post.
  40. ^Cavan Sieczkowski (June 24, 2014)."Kim Kardashian Weighs In On Beverly Hills Hotel Boycott".Huffington Post. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  41. ^Arvind Hickman (May 19, 2014)."Why the Dorchester Collection protest is wrong". HR Magazine. Archived fromthe original on July 14, 2014. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  42. ^abTed Johnson,City Council Passes Resolution Urging Brunei to Sell Beverly Hills Hotel,Variety, May 6, 2014
  43. ^Michael Cieply,Hotel Boycott Grows Over Brunei Penal Code,The New York Times, May 5, 2014
  44. ^Reuters,Beverly Hills Confronts Brunei Over Sharia Law,Voice of America, May 07, 2014
  45. ^Ben Child,Hollywood councillors ask sultan of Brunei to sell hotel over anti-gay stance,The Guardian, May 7, 2014
  46. ^Laura Geller,A moral path out of the wilderness,The Times of Israel, May 20, 2014
  47. ^Sichel, Jared (May 21, 2014)."What the Beverly Hills Hotel boycott says about where we draw our lines in a global economy".Jewish Journal. RetrievedMay 21, 2014.
  48. ^Jan Michiel Otto, ed. (2010).Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. Leiden University Press.ISBN 978-90-8728-057-4. Archived fromthe original on June 29, 2012.
  49. ^Holson, Laura M.; Rueb, Emily S. (April 3, 2019)."Brunei Hotel Boycott Gathers Steam as Anti-Gay Law Goes Into Effect".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedNovember 19, 2020.
  50. ^"L.A. City Council joins call to boycott Hotel Bel-Air, Beverly Hills Hotel".FOX 11 Los Angeles. April 9, 2019. RetrievedNovember 19, 2020.
  51. ^Elliott, Farley (April 5, 2019)."Renewed boycott targets ritzy Beverly Hills Hotel over anti-gay owner".Eater LA. RetrievedNovember 19, 2020.
  52. ^"Brunei death penalty moratorium applied to new sharia laws".Los Angeles Times. May 6, 2019. RetrievedNovember 19, 2020.
  53. ^"L.A. will press boycott of Beverly Hills Hotel despite Brunei death penalty reprieve".Los Angeles Times. May 8, 2019. RetrievedNovember 19, 2020.
  54. ^Ramona Saviss (March 24, 2020)."Coronavirus: The Beverly Hills Hotel and Hotel Bel Air to Donate Food to Medical Personnel".Hollywood Reporter.
  55. ^Wanamaker 2005, p. 27.
  56. ^"The Beverly Hills Hotel Homepage".
  57. ^abJessica Gelt (May 22, 2012)."Beverly Hills Hotel marks 100 years as stars' discreet retreat".Los Angeles Times. RetrievedJuly 11, 2014.
  58. ^Wanamaker 2005, p. 28.
  59. ^Wanamaker 2005, p. 31.
  60. ^Stevens, Gus (August 14, 1983)."Beverly Hills Hotel Part Of Tradition". The Baytown Sun. p. 30. RetrievedAugust 2, 2015 – viaNewspapers.com.
  61. ^abLis 2011, p. 56.
  62. ^Wanamaker 2005, p. 26.
  63. ^abFrances Stead Sellers (June 18, 2018)."It was a Trump favorite. Now lawyers want the famously discreet Beverly Hills Hotel to share its secrets".The Washington Post. RetrievedJune 19, 2018.His favorite temporary residence was Bungalow 22, the most prominent, according to hotel workers and visitors interviewed by The Washington Post. It was a space once favored by Frank Sinatra, now redecorated in the singer's style, with an octagonal central ceiling and connecting quarters for staff.
  64. ^Kleiner, Dick (October 13, 1965)."Hotels For The Stars". Mt. Vernon Register-News. p. 23. RetrievedAugust 2, 2015 – viaNewspapers.com.
  65. ^Southall 2013, p. 201.

Sources

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External links

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