| The Babadook | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Jennifer Kent |
| Screenplay by | Jennifer Kent |
| Based on | Monster by Jennifer Kent |
| Produced by |
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| Starring |
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| Cinematography | Radek Ładczuk |
| Edited by | Simon Njoo |
| Music by | Jed Kurzel |
Production companies | |
| Distributed by | Umbrella Entertainment |
Release dates |
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Running time | 94 minutes[1] |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $2 million[2] |
| Box office | $10.5 million[3] |
The Babadook is a 2014 Australianpsychologicalhorror film written and directed byJennifer Kent in herfeature directorial debut, based on her 2005 short filmMonster. StarringEssie Davis, Noah Wiseman,Daniel Henshall,Hayley McElhinney, Barbara West, andBen Winspear, the film follows a widowed single mother who with her son must confront a mysterious humanoid monster in their home.
Kent began writing the screenplay in 2009, intending to explore parenting, grief, and the fear of madness. Financing was secured throughAustralian government grants and partly throughcrowdfunding. Filming took place inAdelaide, where Kent drew from her experiences as a production assistant onLars von Trier'sDogville (2003). During filming, the production team worked to ensure six-year-old Wiseman wasprotected from the film's disturbing subject matter. The titular monster and special effects were created withstop motion animation and practical effects.
The Babadook premiered at theSundance Film Festival on 17 January 2014 and was given a limited release in Australian cinemas on 22 May 2014, initially failing to become a commercial success in its native country. However, it generated wider attention internationally, grossing $10 million against its $2 million budget. The film was praised for the cast's performances, creature design, premise, and themes. At the4th AACTA Awards, it won forBest Film, and Kent won forBest Direction andBest Original Screenplay, respectively. In the years since its release,The Babadook has become acult classic.
Amelia Vanek is a troubled, exhausted widow and single mother of six-year-old Samuel, living inAdelaide. Her husband, Oskar, was killed in a car accident while driving her to the hospital during labour. Sam begins displaying erratic behaviour, causing problems at school and in their social life, and becomes preoccupied with an imaginary monster, which he has built weapons to fight. One night, he asks his mother to read apop-up book,Mister Babadook. It describes the monster of the title, thetop hat-wearing Babadook, which torments its victims. Amelia is disturbed by the book and its mysterious appearance, while Sam is convinced that the Babadook is real.
Strange events occur, such as Amelia finding glass shards in her food. She attributes the events to Sam but he blames the Babadook. Amelia rips up the book and disposes of it. At her birthday party, Sam's cousin bullies him, and he pushes her out of her treehouse, inadvertently breaking her nose. He later has a vision of the Babadook and suffers aseizure.
Amelia finds theMister Babadook book reassembled at their front door. New words in it taunt her; the book now contains pop-ups of her killing their dog Bugsy, Sam, then herself. Terrified, she burns the book and runs to the police station after a disturbing phone call. However, she has no proof, and leaves when she sees what looks like the Babadook's suit hung up behind the front desk.
That night, the Babadook attacks her. After the attack, Amelia becomes more isolated and impatient, shouting at Samuel and having more visions of the Babadook. She also exhibits violent behaviour, including cutting thephone line with a knife, and has disturbinghallucinations in which she sees herself murdering Sam.
An apparition of Oskar appears, offering to return if she "brings the boy" to him. Realising he is a creation of the Babadook, she flees but the Babadook finallypossesses her. Under its influence, she kills Bugsy and attempts to kill Sam. Eventually luring her into the basement, Sam knocks her out with his contraptions. Amelia awakens and tries to strangle Sam. When he lovingly caresses her face, she regurgitates a black substance, which seemingly expels the Babadook. However, Sam reminds her that "you can't get rid of the Babadook", and an unseen force drags him into her bedroom. She saves him but is forced to see a vision of her husband's death. Furious, she confronts the Babadook, making it retreat into the basement. She locks the door behind it.
Amelia and Sam manage to recover. She is attentive and caring toward him, encouraging him to build his weapons and being impressed by his magic tricks. In the garden, they gather worms in a bowl. Amelia takes it to the basement. The Babadook tries to attack her, but she soothes it and it retreats to the corner, taking the bowl of worms with it. She returns to the yard to celebrate Sam's birthday.
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Kent attended theNational Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA), where she studied acting alongside Davis and graduated in 1991.[4] She then worked primarily as an actor in the film industry for over two decades. She eventually lost her passion for acting by the end of the 1990s and sent a written proposal to Danish filmmakerLars von Trier, asking if she could assist on the film set of his 2003 drama filmDogvilleto learn from him. He accepted her proposal, and she considers the experience her "film school", citing the importance of stubbornness as the key lesson she learned.[5][6]
Prior toTheBabadook, Kent completed a short film,Monster, and an episode of the television seriesTwo Twisted. She explained in May 2014 that the origins ofThe Babadook could be found inMonster, which she calls "babyBabadook".[7]
She began writing the screenplay in around 2009. She said she sought to tell a story about facing up to the darkness within ourselves, the "fear of going mad", and an exploration ofparenting from a "real perspective". Regarding parenting, she further explained in October 2014: "Now, I'm not saying we all want to go and kill our kids, but a lot of women struggle. And it is a very taboo subject, to say that motherhood is anything but a perfect experience for women."[5] About the characters, she said: "It was really important for me that they were loving, and loveable people. I don't mean likeable—I mean that we really felt for them".[5] The termbabadook is an invention of Kent's. It is improvised from "babaroga", theSerbo-Croatian word for theboogeyman.[8] She completed five drafts of the script.[9]
Kent drew from her experience on the set ofDogville for the assembling of her production team, as she observed that von Trier was surrounded by a well-known "family of people". Kent sought her own "family of collaborators to work with for the long term." Unable to find all of the suitable people within the Australian film industry, Kent hired Polish director of photography (DOP) Radek Ladczuk, for whomThe Babadook was his first-ever English language film, and American illustrator Alexander Juhasz.[7] In terms of influences, Kent cited1960s,'70s and'80s horror—includingEyes Without a Face (1960),Carnival of Souls (1962),The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (1974),Halloween (1978),The Thing (1982) andThe Shining (1980)—as well asVampyr (1932),Nosferatu (1922) andLet the Right One In (2008).[10]
Although the process was challenging and she was forced to reduce their total budget, producer Kristina Ceyton managed to secure funding of aroundA$2.5 million from government bodiesScreen Australia and theSAFC; however, they still required an additional budget for the construction of the film sets. To attain the funds for the sets, Kent and Causeway Films producer Kristina Ceyton launched aKickstarter crowdfunding campaign in June 2012, with a target ofUS$30,000. Their funding goal was reached on 27 September 2012 through pledges from 259 backers raising $30,071.[11][12] Kent said that the crowdfunding closed a crucial gap in which to cover design and special effects expenses to build a "special visual world".[13]
Casting thechild lead for the film involved casting director Nikki Barrett viewing around 500 audition tapes of young boys, before selecting smaller groups and individuals for in-person improvisation.[13] Six-year old Noah Wiseman was selected as a standout, with Kent saying he had a certain innocence about him that older boys did not have, possibly as he is the son of a child psychologist.[13][14]
The film was primarily shot inAdelaide,South Australia, with most of the interior shots filmed on a sound stage in the city; as funding was from theSouth Australian state government, this was a requirement that Kent needed to meet.[4] However, Kent explained toDen of Geek that she is not patriotic and didn't want the film to be "particularly Australian".[5]
I wanted to create a myth in a domestic setting. And even though it happened to be in some strange suburb in Australia somewhere, it could have been anywhere. I guess part of that is creating a world that wasn't particularly Australian ... I'm very happy, actually, that it doesn't feel particularly Australian.
Kent claimed in an interview that to contribute to the universality of the film's appearance, a Victorian terrace-style house was specifically built for the film, as there are very few houses designed in such a style in Adelaide.[5] However exterior shots were of an existing terraced house inNorth Adelaide. A script reading was not done since Noah Wiseman was only six years old at the time, and Kent focused instead on bonding, playing games and lots of time spent with the actors so they could become more familiar with one another.[15] Pre-production occurred in Adelaide and lasted three weeks and, during this time, Kent conveyed a "kiddie" version of the narrative to Wiseman, in which young Samuel is the hero.[9][15] Kent took Wiseman toAdelaide Zoo to explain the story, and said Wiseman was aware it was a scary film and that he "knew how important his role was".[13]
Kent originally wanted to film solely inblack-and-white, as she wanted to create a "heightened feel" that is still believable. She was also influenced bypre-1950sB-grade horror films, as they were "very theatrical", in addition to being "visually beautiful and terrifying". Kent later lost interest in the black-and-white idea and worked closely with production designer Alex Holmes and Radek to create a "very cool", "very claustrophobic" interior environment with "meticulously designed" sets.[5][7] The film's final colour scheme was achieved without the use of gels on the camera lenses or any alterations during the post-filming stage.[6] Kent citedDavid Lynch andRoman Polanski as key influences during the filming stage.[9]
Kent described the filming process as "stressful" because of Wiseman's age. She explained, "So I really had to be focused. We needed double the time we had." Wiseman's mother was on set and a "very protective, loving environment" was created.[5] Kent explained after the release of the film that Wiseman wasprotected throughout the entire project: "During the reverse shots where Amelia was abusing Sam verbally, we had Essie [Davis] yell at an adult stand-in on his knees. I didn't want to destroy a childhood to make this film—that wouldn't be fair."[9] Kent's friendship with Davis was a boon during filming and Kent praised her former classmate in the media: "To her credit, she's [Davis] very receptive, likes to be directed and is a joy to work with."[7]
In terms of the Babadook monster and the scary effects of the film, Kent was adamant from the outset of production that a low-fi and handmade approach would be used. She cites the influence ofGeorges Méliès,Jean Epstein'sThe Fall of the House of Usher andHäxan.[16][14][17] Kent usedstop-motion effects for the monster and a large amount of smoothing was completed in post-production. Kent explained toEmpire: "There's been some criticism of the lo-fi approach of the effects, and that makes me laugh because it was always intentional. I wanted the film to be all in camera."[10] She has also said that the Man in the Beaver Hat from the lost 1927 filmLondon After Midnight was an inspiration for the design of the Babadook.[18]
The soundtrack was composed byJed Kurzel. The score was officially released for the first time byWaxwork Records in 2017 on "black with red haze"vinyl. The record sleeve features a recreation of the pop-up book from the film.[19][20]
The film's global premiere was in January 2014 at theSundance Film Festival.[21] The film then received a limited theatrical release inAustralia in May 2014,[9] following a screening in April 2014 at theStanley Film Festival.[22]
InSingapore, the film was released on 25 September 2014.[4] The film opened in theUnited Kingdom for general release on 17 October 2014, and in theUnited States on 28 November 2014.[9] In 2020, amidcinema closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic,The Babadook was one of the films made available for free for screenings by independent cinemas byIFC Films.[23]
A 10th anniversary screening of the film was announced in December 2023 to take place at the2024 Sundance Film Festival on January 25, 2024 to commemorate the festival's 40th anniversary. On the announcement, Jennifer Kent remarked "I definitely have some distance onBabadook now, after ten years. The film feels like an old friend, one that changed my life in many ways ... Sundance was such a huge part of that change. I look forward to 'coming home' to the place where it all began, and to the festival that has given me and 'Mister B' so much."[24]
The film, alongside the short filmMonster, was first released on DVD and Blu-ray in Australia byUmbrella Entertainment on 31 October 2014.[25] The US Blu-ray and DVD was released on 14 April 2015 byIFC Midnight andScream Factory, and the special edition was also available on that date.[26][27] The special edition features Kent's short film,Monster, and behind the scenes featureCreating the Book by Juhasz.[28] The UKBlu-ray Disc features the short documentary filmsIllustrating Evil: Creating the Book,There's No Place Like Home: Creating the House andSpecial Effects: The Stabbing Scene.[29]
The film began streaming onNetflix in 2016[30] and was later obtained byShudder.[31]
The Babadook opened in Australia on 22 May 2014 in just 13 cinemas on alimited release, eventually grossing a total of only $258,000.[32] The film fared much better internationally than it did in its native country. In North America,The Babadook opened on a limited release basis in three theaters and grossed US$30,007, with an average of $10,002 per theater. The film ranked in the 42nd position at the box office, and, as of 1 February 2015, has grossed $964,413 in the US and $9.9 million elsewhere in the world. To date, the film's worldwide box office takings are $10.3 million which compares favourably with the estimated production budget of $2 million.[33] It generated $633,000 in theUnited Kingdom in its opening weekend (surpassing its entire Australian run), and made over $1.09m inFrance and $335,000 inThailand.[34] In France, it opened at number 11 in the local box office, which producer Kristian Molière credited toWild Bunch's promoting, and contrasted this with Australian promoters that declined to book the film slots inmultiplexes.[35][36] Its success overseas re-generated interest in Australia ahead of DVD releases and television screenings.[34][37]
OnRotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 98% based on 247 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10 with the critical consensus reading “The Babadook relies on real horror rather than cheap jump scares -- and boasts a heartfelt, genuinely moving story to boot.”[38] It was ranked the best reviewedhorror film and third best-reviewed film of 2014 on the site.[39][40] As of 2024, Rotten Tomatoes ranksThe Babadook the 21st best horror film of all time.[41] OnMetacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 86 out of 100, with 100% positive reviews based on 34 critics.[42]
Glenn Kenny, writing forRogerEbert.com, called the film "the finest and most genuinely provocative horror movie to emerge in this still very-new century."[43] Dan Schindel fromMovie Mezzanine said that "The Babadook is the best genre creature creation since the big black wolf-dog aliens fromAttack the Block."[44] InThe Guardian,Peter Bradshaw described the film as a "Freudian thriller", giving it 4 out of 5 stars and praised the performances, themes and Kent's direction. Bradshaw said that "Kent exerts a masterly control over this tense situation and the sound design is terrifically good: creating a haunted, insidiously whispery intimacy that never relies on sudden volume hikes for the scares."[45] InVariety, Scott Foundas commended the production design and direction, saying that the film "manages to deliver real, seat-grabbing jolts while also touching on more serious themes of loss, grief and other demons that can not be so easily vanquished".[46]
On 30 November 2014,William Friedkin, director ofThe Exorcist (1973) stated on his Twitter profile, "Psycho,Alien,Diabolique, and nowTHE BABADOOK."[47] Friedkin also added, "I've never seen a more terrifying film. It will scare the hell out of you as it did me."[48] Prominent British film criticMark Kermode namedThe Babadook his favourite film of 2014[49] and in 2018 listed it his eighth favourite film of the decade.[50] In 2022, Samuel Murrian declared it the "best horror movie so far this century" inParade.[51]
In subsequent years,The Babadook has been listed as a moderncult film.[52] InThe Guardian, Luke Buckmaster listed it as one of the best Australian films of the2010s.[53] Film scholar Amanda Howell argues that part of the film's critical success can be attributed to many film critics having discussed the film within the context ofart-horror rather than purely as a horror film. Howell discussed the film as part of an international cycle of contemporary art-horror films alongsidePan's Labyrinth (2006), Let the Right One In (2008) andAntichrist (2009) that negotiate and blur the boundaries between art and horror.[54]The Babadook has gained popularity as aninternet meme, with the titular monster being ironically adopted as aqueer icon.[55]
In October 2016, aTumblr user joked that the Babadook isopenly gay; in December 2016, another Tumblr user posted a viral screenshot showing the movie classified byNetflix as anLGBT film.[64][30] Despite the absence of overt references toLGBT culture in the film, fans and journalists generated interpretations ofqueer subtext in the film (dubbed "Babadiscourse"[64]) that were oftentongue-in-cheek, but occasionally more serious, highlighting the character's dramatic persona, grotesque costume, and chaotic effect within a traditional family structure. In June 2017,The Babadooktrended on Twitter and was displayed as a symbol during that year'sPride Month.[65][66] The social media response became so strong that theatres inLos Angeles took the opportunity to hold screenings of the film for charity.[67]Michael Bronski said to theLos Angeles Times: "In this moment, who better than the Babadook to represent not only queer desire, but queer antagonism, queer in-your-faceness, queer queerness?", and drew comparisons to historicconnections between queerness and horror fiction such asFrankenstein andDracula.[68]
Kent said that she "loved" thememe, saying that "I think it's crazy and [the meme] just kept him alive. I thought ah, you bastard. He doesn't want to die so he's finding ways to become relevant."[69]
Writing forThe Daily Beast, Tim Teeman contends thatgrief is the "real monster" inThe Babadook, and that the film is "about the aftermath of death; how its remnants destroy long after the dead body has been buried or burned". Teeman writes that he was "gripped" by the "metaphorical imperative" of Kent's film, with the Babadook monster representing "the shape of grief: all-enveloping, shape-shifting, black". Teeman states that the film's ending "underscored the thrum of grief and loss at the movie's heart", and concludes that it informs the audience that grief has its place and the best that humans can do is "marshal it".[70]
Collider also proposed that the monster "seems tosymbolize Amelia and Sam's shared grief/trauma over losing Oskar" and that Amelia's efforts to suppress this led to it becoming stronger.[71] The writers suggest that "healing from serious traumas in real life does not happen overnight, but takes a lot of mental and emotional processing.The Babadook warns of the dangers of trying to ignore or 'stuff' our traumas below the surface: this is the most dangerous place to put them because that's where we lose control of them and they gain control over us."[71]
