| The Amityville Horror | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Stuart Rosenberg |
| Screenplay by | Sandor Stern |
| Based on | The Amityville Horror byJay Anson |
| Produced by |
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| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Fred J. Koenekamp |
| Edited by | Robert Brown Jr. |
| Music by | Lalo Schifrin |
Production companies |
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| Distributed by | American International Pictures |
Release dates |
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Running time | 118 minutes[3] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $4.7 million[4][5] |
| Box office | $86.4 million[6] |
The Amityville Horror is a 1979 Americansupernatural horror film directed byStuart Rosenberg, and starringJames Brolin,Margot Kidder, andRod Steiger. The film follows young couple George and Kathy Lutz who purchase a home haunted by combative supernatural forces. It is based onJay Anson's 1977book of the same name, which documented the allegedparanormal experiences of the Lutz family who briefly resided in theAmityville, New York home whereRonald DeFeo Jr. committed themass murder of his family in 1974. It is the first entry in the long-runningAmityville Horror film series, and wasremade in 2005.
Executive producerSamuel Z. Arkoff originated the project after purchasing the rights to Anson's book, and it was initially conceived as atelevision film, which Anson adapted himself. When Arkoff rejected the teleplay, it was reworked by screenwriterSandor Stern as a feature film. The producers intended to shoot the film in the actual DeFeo residence, but its owners denied them permission. Filming instead began on location inToms River, New Jersey in October 1978, followed by interior shoots occurring at theMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer sound stages inLos Angeles, which were completed just before theChristmas holiday.
The Amityville Horror had its world premiere at theMuseum of Modern Art on July 24, 1979, before receiving a wide theatrical release three days later. The film was a major commercial success and one of the most profitable films released by its distributor,American International Pictures. It went on to gross over $80 million in North America, becoming one of the highest-grossingindependent films of all time,[7][8] as well as one of the highest-grossing horror films incinema history.[9] Though met with largely unfavorable critical reviews at the time of its release, composerLalo Schifrin's musical score earned the filmGolden Globe andAcademy Award nominations, while Kidder received aSaturn Award nomination forBest Actress.
Some contemporary film scholars have considered the film aclassic of the horror genre,[a] and it is widely regarded as a seminal entry in the sub-genre of the contemporaryhaunted house film.[10] In his 1981 non-fiction book,Danse Macabre, horror authorStephen King interprets the film as a parable on the anxieties of homeownership and financial ruin, citing theeconomic crisis of the 1970s and the film's frequent references to financial matters, a reading which has been similarly assessed by other film scholars.
In the early morning hours on November 13, 1974,Ronald DeFeo Jr. murders his entire family with a rifle at their home of 112 Ocean Avenue inAmityville, New York.
One year later,middle-class newlyweds George and Kathy Lutz move into the house with Kathy's three children from a prior marriage: Greg, Matt, and Amy. Despite George'sirreligiousness, Kathy, a nominalRoman Catholic, requestsJesuit priest Father Frank Delaney tobless the home. Delaney arrives while the family is out boating. Upon entering the house, Delaney is swarmed byflies upstairs and hears a hostile voice ordering him to leave, causing him to flee. The next day, Kathy's aunt Helena, anun, visits the house but becomes violently ill and leaves abruptly, confounding Kathy.
The Lutzes' domestic life begins a sharp decline over the ensuing weeks: George becomes uncharacteristically volatile and abusive, and obsesses over keeping the home warm with firewood, despite Kathy's insistence that it is not cold. George recurrently awakens at 3:15 a.m.—the same time the DeFeos were murdered—while Kathy suffers disturbing nightmares. Before Kathy's brother Jimmy's engagement party one night, $1,500 cash to be paid to the caterer inexplicably goes missing in the house. Meanwhile, Jackie, the babysitter watching Amy for the evening, is locked inside a bedroom closet by an unseen force. Further unexplained incidents occur when one of the two boys suffers a crushed hand when a sash window falls on it, and Amy has an imaginary friend, Jody, who seems to be of a malevolent nature. One night, Kathy glimpses two red,swine-like eyes outside Amy's second-story bedroom window.
Delaney makes several attempts to intervene that seem to be thwarted by unusual accidents and occurrences: His phone calls to the home are frequently experienced by Kathy as static noise, and on one occasion his car malfunctions en route to the house, nearly causing a fatal crash. Convinced there aredemonic forces at work, Delaney grows frustrated by the lack of support from his superiors in thediocese. Meanwhile, George's land surveying business begins to suffer due to his lack of attendance, concerning his business partner, Jeff. Jeff's wife, Carolyn, who haspsychic proclivities, is both repulsed and intrigued by the things she feels when at the house.
In the home's basement, Carolyn is drawn to a brick wall that the family dog, Harry, has repeatedly scratched at, and she begins dismantling it with a hammer. Discovering the damage, George takes down the rest of the wall, uncovering a small room with red walls. Carolyn, in terror, shrieks that they have found "the passage... to Hell!", her voice resembling that of Father Delaney. Later that night, Delaney prays passionately at his pulpit for God to save the family, before he inexplicablyloses his sight and fallscatatonic.
Kathy visits the library to research the property's history, where she finds county records suggesting that the house is built atop aShinnecock burial ground and that a knownSatanic worshipper named John Ketchum had once lived on the land. She also discovers news clippings about the DeFeo murders and notices Ronald DeFeo'sstriking resemblance to George.
The paranormal events culminate that night during a rainstorm: blood oozes from the walls and down the staircase; Jody, appearing as a large, red-eyed pig, is seen through a window; and a seeminglypossessed George attempts to kill the children with an axe, but regains his wits after Kathy intervenes. After falling through the basement stairs into a pit of black sludge while rescuing Harry, George and the rest of the family drive away, abandoning their home and belongings. A closing intertitle reads: "George and Kathleen Lutz and their family never reclaimed their house or their personal belongings. Today they live in another state."
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In his 1983 non-fiction bookDanse Macabre, horror authorStephen King analyzedThe Amityville Horror, identifying its numerousmetaphors regarding anxiety over homeownership and financial turmoil, citing the1973–1975 recession and theenergy crisis of the 1970s, interpreting the film as a parable on American financial distress.[11][12] At the time of the film's release, King had unfavorably reviewed the film forRolling Stone, in which he deemed it a "simplistic and transparent" story, an assertion he recanted inDanse Macabre, writing that the "canards" who dismissed it "really miss the point, and as a lifelong horror fan, I should have known it. Stupid, simplistic, and transparent are also perfectly good words to describe the tale ofThe Hook, but that doesn't change the fact that the story is an enduring classic of its kind."[13]
King attributed the film's significant commercial success to audiences identifying with the lead characters George (James Brolin) and Kathy Lutz (Margot Kidder), a middle-class couple who take a large financial risk in purchasing a home, only for it to have dire intrapersonal consequences within the family.[11] Summarizing its thematic core, he wrote: "The Amityville Horror, beneath its ghost-story exterior, is really a financial demolition derby."[14]
Writer Tony Williams echoes King's analysis of the film in his 1996 bookHearths of Darkness: The Family in the American Horror Film, writing that, "despite lapsing into incoherence toward the end," it "contains significant associations between family life, home ownership, and supposedly supernatural horror... [it] is one of the few films that link the economic responsibilities of home ownership to family horror."[15]
Citing King's analysis, literary criticJohn Kenneth Muir noted in his bookHorror Films FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Slashers, Vampires, Zombies, Aliens, and More (2013): "If one follows King's lead, it's easy to contextualizeThe Amityville Horror as a financial nightmare... Similarly, the movie's dialogue constantly references financial matters. "Bills have to be paid," says one character. "TheIRS is calling," warns another. "They'll nickel and dime you to death" is a mantra not just about the bill collectors, perhaps, but a warning about the demons in the house."[16]
ProducerSamuel Z. Arkoff purchased the rights toThe Amityville Horror (1977) by authorJay Anson.[7] Promoted as being based on a true story, Anson's book documents the allegedparanormal events experienced by the Lutz family while they resided in theAmityville, New York home whereRonald DeFeo Jr. committed themass murder of his parents Ronald Sr. and Louise and his siblings in November 1974.[7]
Anson himself wrote ateleplay based on his work, which was intended to be shot as a made-for-television film forCBS.[17] Samuel Z. Arkoff, an executive producer and head ofAmerican International Pictures, contacted CBS asking to produce the film as a theatrical feature, offering CBS the rights to broadcast it on their network in exchange.[17] Arkoff subsequently hired screenwriterSandor Stern to rework Anson's teleplay as a feature film.[7]
James Brolin was offered to star in the film while he was completingNight of the Juggler,[18] but was initially hesitant about the project.[19] At the time of his casting, the script was unfinished, so Brolin obtained a copy of Anson's novel. Brolin read it until two o'clock in the morning. He had hung up a pair of his pants in the room earlier and during an especially tense passage of the book, the pants fell to the floor. Brolin jumped from his chair in fright. Convinced that the material would make an effective film, Brolin agreed to star.[19] He described the project as a challenge for him, as it was a "pure character role" that he had not yet had the opportunity to play: "It demands a progression of dissipation of personality, so I had to figure out how to portray a man who is losing his sanity during his obsession."[20]
Margot Kidder was cast in the role of Kathy Lutz after her breakthrough performance asLois Lane inRichard Donner'sSuperman the year prior.[19] "Basically at that stage you took the jobs you were offered and took the money," Kidder recalled in a later interview. "But [horror films] are fun to make. They make me laugh."[21] In a 2005 interview with the actors, Brolin and Kidder admitted that they clashed in regard to their acting styles, with Brolin remaining committed to closely following the screenplay, while Kidder preferred a more improvisational approach to the material.[19]
Veteran actorRod Steiger was cast in the role of priest Francis Delaney, and had at the time been experiencing a career slump following his recentopen-heart surgery, which left himdepressed and made film studios hesitant to hire him due to high insurance costs.[22] Commenting during an interview promoting the film, Steiger said: "This is my last maneuver in letting Hollywood know that I'm in good shape physically."[22]
Natasha Ryan, an eight-year-old experienced child actor, was cast in the role of the Lutz's young daughter, Amy, while K. C. Martel made his feature film debut as one of the family's two sons, Greg.[23]
For thelocation shooting ofThe Amityville Horror, the production scouted various locations on theEast Coast, including inMaine andSouth Carolina, before settling onToms River, New Jersey.[24] The producers had initially sought to film at the realAmityville residence inLong Island, New York, but local authorities denied them permission.[7] In August 1978, local Toms River newspapers published articles seeking submissions from homeowners who were willing to lease their residence to the production.[25] TheDutch Colonial home that was ultimately chosen was converted to resemble the 112 Ocean Avenue residence in Amityville.[7] The house was leased by the production for $12,000, and a boathouse was constructed on the property for an additional $31,000.[26]
Principal photography began in Toms River in late October 1978.[27] Additional exteriors were shot at Toms River's Riverwood Park Recreation Center, theOcean County Courthouse, and Reynolds Tavern.[27] Local police and ambulance workers played extras in the film, and the Toms River Volunteer Fire Company provided the rain during several scenes.[26] The library scene was filmed in the Bishop Building of theOcean County Library.[28] In order to safely handle an axe on the set, Brolin was trained by a localaxe thrower in Toms River.[29]
After completion of the location shooting in November 1978,[27] the production relocated toLos Angeles, where interiors were shot at theMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studio lot.[19][30] Filming completed at the MGM Sound Stage 26 just before theChristmas holiday, on December 22, 1978.[31]
Largely practical special effects were employed while filming: While shooting the scene in which Father Delaney is swarmed by flies, for example, actor Rod Steiger was doused in sugar water and beer, causing the insects to swarm him.[32]
Lalo Schifrin was hired to compose the originalscore forThe Amityville Horror.[33] When beginning the composition of the main theme, he was given the static image of the home which plays over the film's opening credits sequence.[34] Recalling his inspiration, Schifrin said: "Since a family with three kids was about to move into the mansion, ignoring its past, I got the idea to write a haunting and distorted lullaby for three children's voices."[35]
In addition to the vocal accompaniment, Schifrin composed the film's score using aharp,celeste, violins, and violas, aspiring to create a "chilling" contrast between the voices and orchestral arrangements.[35] To incorporate more "menacing sounds," he utilized low-pitched string arrangements, a bass clarinet, a brass-muted French horn, and awaterphone.[35]
It is sometimes alleged that Schifrin's score was the one rejected in 1973 forThe Exorcist, but Schifrin has denied this in interviews.[36]
Schifrin's score earned the film a nomination anAcademy Award forBest Original Score,[37] as well as aGolden Globe Award nomination in the same category.[38]
Distributed by American International Pictures (AIP),The Amityville Horror had its world premiere at theMuseum of Modern Art in New York on July 24, 1979, opening a revival exhibition of various films produced and released by the studio.[39][40] It was given a wide theatrical release in the United States three days later, on July 27, 1979.[2]
The film's production was widely publicized in national media when the studio attempted to concoct stories of "unusual" occurrences on the set (not dissimilar from what was claimed to have occurred during the filming ofThe Exorcist).[8] According to Brolin, he and Kidder were both asked by the studio and the press, "'Is there weird stuff going on?'... and we were looking for stuff now. We'd have liked to tell them, 'Oh yeah, you wouldn't believe the stuff that happened yesterday—my lunch fell off the table in my lap.'"[19]
In promotion for the film's premiere, Brolin and Kidder visited the actual home at 112 Ocean Avenue, accompanied by the press.[19] Brolin later reflected that the house was much more "condensed" than the location where the film was shot.[19] Both Brolin and Kidder were skeptics of the claims made in the book. "I didn't buy that this really had happened," Kidder said in a 2005 interview.[19] During the press junkets promoting the film, when asked whether she believed the Lutzes' claims, Kidder purportedly turned to the producers, who responded: "We'll never tell."[19] In a 2005 interview, Margot Kidder said "the producers told us we should say all these terrible things happened on the set. It was all bullshit. Nothing happened, but it was funny."[21]
Following the film's release, several legal disputes arose involving the Lutz family and the rights to their story.[41] George and Kathy Lutz claimed they were awarded fifty percent of the rights to Anson's book, but missed out on receiving a financial share of the film rights.[41] William Weber, an attorney, was subsequently sued by the Lutzes after he alleged he had helped them fabricate their experiences and sell their story to Anson.[41] In court proceedings for this lawsuit, George Lutz admitted that he had netted $100,000 from the release of the film.[41]
Warner Home Video first releasedThe Amityville Horror in aclamshellVHS in 1983.[42] The film has since received numerousDVD releases,[43] the first byMGM Home Entertainment in September 2000, and again by MGM in 2005, whose special features included the theatrical trailer, commentary by parapsychologistHans Holzer (author ofMurder in Amityville), a making of documentary and radio spots.[44] MGM issued the firstBlu-ray edition of the film in 2008,[45] followed by a second Blu-ray release fromScream Factory in 2013, as part ofThe Amityville Trilogy set, which also includedAmityville II: The Possession (1982) andAmityville 3-D (1983).[46]20th Century Fox Home Entertainment re-released a Blu-ray edition in 2014.[47] In September 2022,Vinegar Syndrome issued the film in4K UHD Blu-ray format for the first time.[48]
The Amityville Horror opened in 748 theaters, and grossed $7.8 million during its opening weekend.[6] It earned over $13.3 million over the course of the week across 810 theaters, marking the second best opening week of the year (to that date) afterMoonraker's $14.7 million, and was AIP's largest ever.[49] By September 1979, the studio reported that the film had earned $41 million during its first 31 days of release, which at that time had expanded to 940 theaters.[50]
At the conclusion of its theatrical run, the film had grossed a total of $86.4 million at the U.S. and Canadian box offices (nearly twenty times its budget),[11] making it thesecond-highest-grossing film of 1979 afterKramer vs. Kramer.[51][52] The film was one of the most successful films produced by an independent studio at the time[7][8] and held the record of being the highest-grossing independent film of all time until 1990, when it was surpassed byTeenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[8]
In 2019,Forbes published aninflation-adjusted list ranking horror film grosses based upon contemporary ticket prices, in whichThe Amityville Horror ranked as the eighth-highest grossing horror film of all time, with an adjusted gross of $310.3 million at the time of the article's publication.[9]
In his review,Roger Ebert of theChicago Sun-Times gave the film one and a half stars out of a possible four. Ebert said he had briefly met George Lutz and found his account sincere, but described the film as "dreary and terminally depressing," writing that, "The problem withThe Amityville Horror is that, in a very real sense, there's nothing there." Despite the strange events depicted, the film suffered by having no compelling, frightening antagonist such as inThe Exorcist orAlien.[53] A staff review inPeople said Rod Steiger was overacting and that the film was "ridiculous."[54] Tim Pulleine of theMonthly Film Bulletin declared that the film "proves the most satisfying excursion into no-frills spine-chilling for some time." and that "The film is constantly well played and provides Rod Steiger with his best opportunity in ages for all-stops-out bravura."[1]John Simon of theNational Review described the film as "dreadful."[55]
Janet Maslin ofThe New York Times criticized the film for containing repetitive gimmicks, noting that, "so many horror-movie clichés have been assembled under the roof of a single haunted house that the effect is sometimes mind-bogglingly messy. There is apparently very little to which the director,Stuart Rosenberg, will not resort. But he still can't come up with anything more hair-raising than the trick of having one Lutz experience a severe start when he or she doesn't realize other Lutzes are in the room. Whenever Mr. Rosenberg stumbles upon an idea as good as this one, he's bound to repeat it over and over again."[39]The Washington Post's K. C. Summers felt the film was unexciting, writing, "It would be one thing if we were rewarded for sitting through all this with a spinetingling thrill or two, but the movie isn't even scary... Lack of logic is one thing. When a horror movie is boring as well, what's the point?"[56]
Charles Champlin of theLos Angeles Times gave the film a favorable review, writing that, "what it does scarily well is make a very attractive three-story colonial (which would go for 300 thou easily if only it had a different case history) the villain of the piece. The horror is all the more effective because it arises not in some cobwebby and batty castle nor on an unlisted planet in an unnumbered millennium, but around the corner and up our street."[57]
The film has received some better reviews over time, including from historian James F. Broderick, who praised it as "an effective horror movie that succeeds largely because the performers take the over-the-top material seriously... The film is taut, tense, and filled with the bizarre, unsettling events chronicled in the book."[7] In a 2013 assessment,John Kenneth Muir calledThe Amityville Horror a "blunt and effective horror film" and discussed author Stephen King's analysis of the film's subtext of financial turmoil.[16]
On internetreview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes, 32% of 47 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review, and the average rating is 4.8/10. Its consensus reads, "Dull and disappointing, the best that can be said forThe Amityville Horror is that it set a low bar for its many sequels and remakes".[58]Metacritic, which uses aweighted average, assigned the film a score of 28 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews.[59]
| Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | Best Original Score | Lalo Schifrin | Nominated | [37] |
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Original Score | Nominated | [38] | |
| Saturn Awards | Best Horror Film | Nominated | [60] | |
| Best Actress | Margot Kidder | Nominated | [60] | |
| Stinkers Bad Movie Awards | Worst Picture | Dishonourable Mention | [60] | |
| Worst Director | Stuart Rosenberg | Dishonourable Mention | [60] | |
| Worst Actor | James Brolin | Nominated | [60] | |
| Worst Actress | Margot Kidder | Nominated | [60] | |
| Worst Supporting Actor | Rod Steiger | Dishonourable Mention | [60] | |
| Worst Supporting Actress | Helen Shaver | Nominated | [60] | |
| Worst Screenplay | Sandor Stern | Dishonourable Mention | [60] | |
| Worst On-Screen Couple | James Brolin and Margot Kidder | Nominated | [60] | |
Despite its largely unfavorable critical reception at the time of its original release,[61]The Amityville Horror has been described as aclassic of the horror genre by a number of critics and film historians,[62][63][64] as well as being regarded as one of the scariest films of all time.[18][65][66] Cultural criticNicholas Mirzoeff wrote in 2012 that "the vulnerability of the local housebody has become part of the wider cultural web of implication" ever since the film's release, summarizing: "In Stuart Rosenberg's film, when George Lutz decides to move into the house, he declares: "A house has no memory." The rest of the film, and this genre of recent horror cinema in general, is dedicated to refuting that proposition."[62]
TheBritish Film Institute included it in a top-ten list of great haunted house films in 2013, noting: "The half-baked debate over how much of this really happened tends to obscure the fact that is rather a good haunted house chiller that didn't really deserve the critical drubbing it got when it was first released... A series of mostly awful sequels followed as well as a pointless2005 remake, all helping cement Amityville and the story of its haunting in modern legend."[61] In 2018,Esquire ranked it the fifth-scariest haunted house film ever made,[67] and in a 2021 public survey undertaken bySWNS Media Group, it was ranked the seventh-greatest horror film of all time.[68]
In an interview from 2009, Margot Kidder reflected negatively upon the film, calling it "a piece of shit. I couldn't believe that anyone would take that seriously. I was laughing my whole way through it, much to the annoyance of Rod Steiger, who took the whole thing very seriously. At the time, my agent proposed sort of a 'one for me, one for them' policy. That was one for them. It was the crazy Christians who made it a hit. They wanted people to believe in the devil and possessions and haunted houses and all that hooey."[69]
The film was directly followed by a 1982 prequel,Amityville II: The Possession, and a 1983 sequel,Amityville 3-D.[70] Owing to the film's basis being the historical DeFeo murders, its setting in the real town of Amityville, and the fact that the alleged supernatural events surrounding the Lutz family werepublicly recorded, the underlying story elements of the original novel and film have never been subject to copyright restrictions. As a result of this, numerous unrelated films incorporating the word "Amityville" into their titles have been made by various production companies in the years since.[70][71] As of 2025, a total of thirty-five such films have been produced, with widely varying degrees of connection to the events depicted in the original 1979 film.[70]
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