| The $64,000 Question | |
|---|---|
| Genre | Game show |
| Written by | Joseph Nathan Kane |
| Directed by | Seymour Robbie |
| Presented by | Hal March |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 4 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Steve Carlin |
| Producers |
|
| Production locations | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 22–24 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | June 7, 1955 (1955-06-07) – November 2, 1958 (1958-11-02) |
| The $64,000 Challenge | |
|---|---|
| Genre | Game show |
| Presented by | Sonny Fox Ralph Story |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 22–24 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBS |
| Release | April 8, 1956 (1956-04-08) – September 7, 1958 (1958-09-07) |
The $64,000 Question is an Americangame show broadcast in primetime on CBS-TV from 1955 to 1958, which became embroiled in the1950s quiz show scandals. Contestants answered general knowledge questions, earning money which doubled as the questions became more difficult. The final question had a top prize of $64,000 (equivalent to $750,000 in 2024), hence the "$64,000 Question" in the show's title.
The $64,000 Challenge (1956–1958) was itsspin-off show, where contestants played against winners of at least $8,000 onThe $64,000 Question.
The $64,000 Question was largely inspired by the earlier CBS and NBC radio programTake It or Leave It, which ran on CBS radio from 1940 to 1947, and then on NBC radio from 1947 to 1952. After 1950, the radio show was renamedThe $64,000 Question. The format of the show remained largely the same through its 12-year run; a contestant was asked a series of progressively more difficult questions which began at $1 and ended at a top prize of $64,000.
The $64,000 Question was created byLouis G. Cowan, formerly known for radio'sQuiz Kids and the television seriesStop the Music andDown You Go. Cowan drew the inspiration for the name fromTake It or Leave It, and its $64 top prize offering. He decided to expand the figure to $64,000 for the new television program.[1]
Finally, Cowan convincedRevlon. The key: Revlon founder and chieftainCharles Revson knew top competitorHazel Bishop had increased its sales through sponsoring the popularThis Is Your Life, and he wanted a piece of that action if he could have it. Revlon first signed a deal to sponsor Cowan's brainchild for 13 weeks with the right to withdraw when they expired.[2]
The $64,000 Question premiered June 7, 1955 on CBS-TV, sponsored by cosmetics maker Revlon and originating from the start live from CBS-TV Studio 52 in New York (later the disco-theaterStudio 54).
To increase the show's drama and suspense, and because radio host Phil Baker had bombed earlier in the decade with his lone television effortWho's Whose,[3] it was decided to use an actor rather than a broadcaster as the host. Television and film actorHal March, familiar to TV viewers as a supporting regular onThe George Burns and Gracie Allen Show andMy Friend Irma, found instant fame as the quiz show's host, and Lynn Dollar stood nearby as his assistant. Author and TV panelistDr. Bergen Evans was the show's expert authority, and actressWendy Barrie did the "Living Lipstick" commercials. To capitalize on the initial television success, the show was also simulcast for two months onCBS Radio where it was heard from October 4, 1955, to November 29, 1955.[4]
Contestants first chose a subject category (such as "Boxing", "Lincoln", "Jazz" or "Football") from the Category Board. Although this board was a large part of the set, it was seen only briefly, evidently to conceal the fact that categories were sometimes hastily added to match a new contestant's subject.[5] The contestant was then asked questions only in the chosen category, earning money which doubled ($64, $128, $256, $512; then $1,000, $2,000, $4,000, $8,000, $16,000, $32,000, and finally $64,000) as the questions became more difficult. At the $4,000 level, a contestant returned each week for only one question per week. The contestant could quit at any time and retire with their money, but until they reached the safety nets, they lost all winnings for answering a question incorrectly. The first safety net was $512, after four questions. The second safety net, $4,000, offered contestants a newCadillac Series 62 (whose maximum MSRP was about $5,400). Starting with the $8,000 question, the contestant was placed in theRevlon "isolation booth", where they could hear nothing but the host's words. As long as the contestant kept answering correctly, they stayed on the show until they had won $64,000.
Almost immediately,The $64,000 Question beat every other program on Tuesday nights in ratings. Broadcast historian Robert Metz, inCBS: Reflections in a Bloodshot Eye, claimed U.S. PresidentDwight D. Eisenhower himself did not want to be disturbed while the show was on and that the nation's crime rate, movie theater, and restaurant patronage dropped dramatically when the show aired. It earned the #1rating spot for the 1955–56 season, holding the distinction of being the only television show to knockI Love Lucy out of the #1 spot, and finished at #4 in the 1956–57 season and #20 in 1957–58.[6] Among its imitators or inspirations wereThe Big Surprise,Tic-Tac-Dough, andTwenty-One.
Not only did Charles Revson not exercise his withdrawal right, but he wanted another way to take advantage ofQuestion's swollen audience. April 8, 1956 saw the debut ofThe $64,000 Challenge (initially co-sponsored byRevlon andLorillard Tobacco Company'sKent cigarettes), hosted through August 26 by future children's television starSonny Fox and then, for the remainder of the show's life,Ralph Story.
It pitted contestants against winners of at least $8,000 onThe $64,000 Question in a new, continuing game where they could win another $64,000. The contestants took turns answering questions from the same category starting at the $1,000 level. If they each answered a question correctly, they advanced to the $2,000 level. Starting at the $4,000 level, both contestants answered the same question while each standing in their own isolation booth. If, at any given level, a contestant answered correctly with the other contestant missing a question, the winning contestant either kept the money and faced a new player, or continued playing against the same opponent at the next money level.
In time, the sister show came to include various celebrities, including bandleaderXavier Cugat and child starPatty Duke, as well as formerQuestion champions.
The J. Fred & Leslie W. MacDonald Collection of theLibrary of Congress contains one kinescoped episode featuring Capt. Richard McCutchen as a contestant, broadcast July 1, 1956.

Question contestants sometimes became celebrities themselves for a short while, including 11-year-old Robert Strom (who won $192,000) and Teddy Nadler ($252,000 across both shows), the two biggest winners in the show's history. Other such newly made celebrities included Italian-born Bronx shoemaker Gino Prato, who won $32,000 for his encyclopedic knowledge ofopera. The longest enduring of these newly made celebrities was psychologistJoyce Brothers. Answering questions aboutboxing, she became, after McCutchen, the second top winner, and went on to a career providing psychological advice in newspaper columns and TV shows for the next four decades. Another winner, Pennsylvania typist Catherine Kreitzer, readShakespeare onThe Ed Sullivan Show.TV Guide kept a running tally of the money won on the show, which hit $1 million by the end of November 1956.
TheAmerican Experience (PBS) episode probing the scandal noted:
All the big winners became instant celebrities and household names. For the first time, America's heroes were intellectuals or experts–jockey Billy Pearson on art, Marine Captain McCutchen on cooking–every subject from the Bible to baseball. Not only had the contestants become rich overnight, but they were also treated to a whirlwind of publicity tours, awards, endorsements and meetings with dignitaries. Cobbler Gino Prato, whose category was opera, was brought to Italy for a special performance at la Scala and honored by an audience with the Pope. After winning $64,000, spelling whiz Gloria Lockerman, anAfrican American, became a guest speaker at the1956 Democratic National Convention ... Eleven-year-old stock market expertLenny Ross was asked to open up the New York Stock Exchange.[7]
One category on the Revlon Category Board was "Jazz", and within months of the premiere Columbia Records issued a 1955 album of various jazz artists under the tie-in title$64,000 Jazz (CL 777, also EP B-777), with the following tracks: "The Shrike" (Pete Rugolo), "Perdido" (J.J. Johnson, Kai Winding), "Laura" (Erroll Garner), "Honeysuckle Rose" (Benny Goodman), "Tawny" (Woody Herman), "One O'Clock Jump" (Harry James), "How Hi the Fi" (Buck Clayton), "I'm Comin', Virginia" (Eddie Condon), "A Fine Romance" (Dave Brubeck, Paul Desmond), "I Let A Song Go Out of My Heart" (Duke Ellington), and "Ain't Misbehavin'" (Louis Armstrong).
Other musical tie-ins included the 1955 song "The $64,000 Question (Do You Love Me)", recorded by Bobby Tuggle (Checker 823), Jackie Brooks (Decca 29684), and the Burton Sisters (RCA Victor 47-6265). "Love Is the $64,000 Question" (1956), which used the show's theme music by Norman F. Leyden with addedFred Ebb lyrics, was recorded by Hal March (Columbia 40684), Karen Chandler (Decca 29881), Jim Lowe (Dot 15456), and Tony Travis (RCA Victor 47-6476).
When the show was revived in 1976 asThe $128,000 Question, its theme music and cues were performed (albeit with a new disco-style arrangement for the theme) byCharles Randolph Grean, who released a three-and-a-half-minute single, "The $128,000 Question" (the show's music and cues as an instrumental), with the B-side ("Sentimentale") on the Ranwood label (45rpm release R-1064). For the show's second season, Grean's music package was re-recorded by Guido Basso.
There were numerous parodies of the program, including in theFoghorn Leghorn cartoon "Fox-Terror",Bob and Ray'sThe 64-Cent Question.The Jack Benny Program featured Hal March as a contestant in an October 20, 1957 spoof[8] with Benny asking the questions. As a gag, Benny actually appeared as a contestant onThe $64,000 Question on October 8, 1957, but insisted on walking away with $64 after answering the first question. Hal March finally gave him $64 out of his own pocket.
At the height of its popularity,The $64,000 Question was referenced in the scripts of other CBS shows, usually but not exclusively through punch lines that included references to "the isolation booth" or "reaching the first plateau". Typical of these was spoken byThe Honeymooners' Ed Norton (Art Carney), who identified three times in a man's life when he wants to be alone, with the third being "when he's in the isolation booth ofThe $64,000 Question". At least three otherHoneymooners episodes referencedQuestion: InA Woman's Work Is Never Done Ralph proposes to Alice that he go on the show because he's an expert in the "Aggravation" category. InHello, Mom Norton tells Ralph that his mother-in-law's category on the show would be "Nasty". InThe Worry Wart, Ralph advises Alice to become a contestant because she's an expert in the "Everything" category.
Another episode ofThe Honeymooners, delivered one of the best knownQuestion references – a parody of the show itself, in one of the so-called "Original 39" episodes of the timeless situation comedy. In that episode, blustery bus driver Ralph Kramden becomes a contestant on the fictitious$99,000 Answer. Regarded as one of theGolden Age of Television's best quiz show parodies, theHoneymooners episode depicted Kramden spending a week intensively studying popular songs, only to blow the first question on the subject when he returned to play on the show. The host of the fictitious$99,000 Answer was one Herb Norris, played by formerTwenty Questions emcee and futureTic-Tac-Dough hostJay Jackson.
The show has been referenced on other game shows. On the U.S. version ofDeal or No Deal, an episode aired January 15, 2007, in which the banker's offer was $64,000. HostHowie Mandel said, "This is the $64,000 question".
In many money trees of most variations of the television seriesWho Wants to Be a Millionaire?, the amount of $64,000 is often included as the prize money awarded for correctly answering the 11th question.
In mid-August 1958, while bothQuestion andChallenge had already been announced as part of CBS'sfall lineup, the network's quiz showDotto was cancelled without explanation. A federal investigation was launched by the end of August on the allegation that aDotto contestant had been given answers in advance.[9] The probe soon includedNBC'sTwenty-One,[9] and was expected to expand further.
In the first week of September, a contestant ofChallenge, Rev. Charles Jackson, came forward to say he had been given answers in advance.[10] On September 13,Lorillard Tobacco Company pulled its sponsorship of the show;[10] this made the previous airing on September 7 the last forChallenge.The $64,000 Challenge was replaced on CBS with "a special news program" on September 14.[11]
The $64,000 Question, which had not yet begun airing for the new season, assumedChallenge's Sunday time slot on September 21. After the federal probe of quiz shows surfaced, quiz shows suffered badly in the Fall 1958 Nielsen ratings. In late October, strong rumors had surfaced thatQuestion was slated for movement to a less desirable time slot, or cancellation.[12] Cancellation was made official afterQuestion's November 2 airing.[13]
The game show ceased operations for good on November 21, 1958.
The $64,000 Question was closely monitored by its sponsor's CEO,Revlon'sCharles Revson, who often interfered with production, especially attempting to bump contestants he himself disliked, regardless of audience reaction. Revson's brother, Martin, was assigned to oversee production, including heavy discussions of feedback the show received.
According toQuestion producer Joe Cates, an IBM sorting machine was used to present lower dollar value questions, to give the illusion that the questions were randomly selected – in fact, all of the cards were identical.[14]
Nadler's victory was called into question when he failed a civil service exam in 1960 applying a job for theUnited States Census Bureau.[15] Producers eventually acknowledged he had been shown questions beforehand but not answers, noting that he already knew the answers beforehand; he was exonerated of wrongdoing.[16]
The most prominent victim may have been the man who initially launched the franchise. Louis Cowan, made CBS Television president as a result ofQuestion's fast success, was forced out of the network as the quiz scandal ramped up, even though it wasNBC's quiz shows bearing most of the brunt of the scandal – and even though CBS itself, with a little help from sponsorColgate-Palmolive, had moved fast in cancelling the popularDotto at almost the moment it was confirmed that that show had been rigged. Cowan had never been suspected of taking part in any attempt to rig eitherQuestion orChallenge; later CBS historians suggested his reputation as an administrative bottleneck may have had as much to do with his firing as his tie to the tainted shows. Cowan may have been a textbook sacrificial lamb, in a bid to preempt any further scandal while the network scrambled to recover, and while presidentFrank Stanton accepted complete responsibility for any wrongdoing committed under his watch.
By the end of 1959, all first generation big-money quizzes were gone, with single-sponsorship television following and a federal law against fixing television game shows (an amendment to the 1960 Communications Act) coming. Over the course of the early 1960s, the networks wound down their five-figure jackpot game shows;Jackpot Bowling (1959–1961) andMake That Spare (1960–1964), which both escaped the fallout due to bowling being harder to fix, a period onBeat the Clock (1960) when its Bonus Stunt grew in $100 increments past the $10,000 mark until finally being won for $20,100 on September 23,You Bet Your Life (ended 1961) and the more lavish prize offerings onThe Nighttime Price Is Right (1957–1964) were the few remaining shows offering large prizes. Only one traditional big-money quiz show, the short-livedABC quiz100 Grand (1963), was attempted in the subsequent years; the networks stayed away from awarding five-figure cash jackpots until the premiere ofThe $10,000 Pyramid andMatch Game 73 in 1973. The disappearance of the quiz shows gave rise to television's next big phenomenon–Westerns.
The scandals also resulted in a shift of the balance of power between networks and sponsors. The networks used the scandals to justify taking control of their programs away from sponsors, thereby eliminating any potential future manipulation in prime-time broadcasting, and giving the networks full autonomy over program content.[17]
None of the people directly involved in rigging any of the quiz shows faced any penalty more severe than suspended sentences for perjury before the federal grand jury that probed the scandal, even if many hosts and producers found themselves frozen out of television for many years. OneQuestion contestant, Doll Goostree, sued both CBS and the producers in a bid to recoup $4,000 she said she might have won if her match ofQuestion had not been rigged. Neither Goostree nor any other quiz contestant who similarly sued won their cases.
Selected PBS outlets showed surviving kinescopes of the originalQuestion in Summer 1976, as a run-up to a new version of the show calledThe $128,000 Question, which ran for two years. The first season was hosted by Mike Darrow and produced at theEd Sullivan Theater in New York City, while the second was produced atGlobal Television Network inToronto, Ontario, Canada and hosted byAlex Trebek.
In 1999, television producerMichael Davies attempted to reviveQuestion asThe $640,000 Question forABC, before abandoning that project in favor of producing an American version of the British game showWho Wants to Be a Millionaire?.Millionaire has a format very similar toThe $64,000 Question – 15 questions in which the contestant's money roughly doubles with each correct question until reaching the top prize. However, the questions inMillionaire are of a broader variety thanQuestion's one-category line of questioning and have a different category for each question, all questions aremultiple choice, contestants are allowed to leave the game with their money after a question is revealed but before it is answered, andMillionaire offers three chances for help (called "lifelines"), which were not present inQuestion.
In 2000, responding to the success ofMillionaire,CBS bought the rights to the property in a reported effort to produce another revival attempt, called$64,000 Question (with a top prize of $1,024,000), to be hosted bysportscasterGreg Gumbel. Because of format issues similar to those encountered by Davies forABC, a pilot was taped on April 19, 2000 but was never broadcast. John Ricci, Jr. andWink Martindale uploaded that full pilot as part of their ongoingThe Game Show Vault (formerlyWink's Vault prior to Martindale's death because of an agreement with Ricci and Sandy Martindale afterwards) series on theirYouTube page as a tribute to Gumbel shortly after his death on December 29, 2024.[18]
| Country | Name | Host | Channel | Years aired |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| Seven Network | 1960–1971 | |
| Kvit eller dobbelt [da] |
| DR |
| |
| Tupla tai kuitti |
|
| ||
| Lascia o raddoppia? |
|
| ||
| El Gran Premio de los 64,000 pesos | Pedro Ferriz Santacruz | Various | 1956–1994 | |
| Wielka gra [pl] |
| 1962–2006 | ||
| Kvitt eller dubbelt (1957–1959, 1981–1982) Utmaningen (1960) Tiotusenkronorsfrågan (1961, 1966) Tiotusenkronorsduellen (1967) Nya tiotusenkronorsfrågan (1973) | Nils Erik Bæhrendtz (1957–1960, 1973) Bengt Feldreich (1961) Bo Teddy Ladberg (1966) Birgitta Sandstedt (1967) Ingvar Holm (1981–1982) | SVT | 1957–1961 1966–1967 1973 1981–1982 | |
| The $64,000 Question |
|
|
A similar version ofThe $64,000 Question was successful in Australia from 1960 to 1971 onSeven Network. Initially calledColes £3000 Question, the show changed its name toColes $6000 Question on February 14, 1966 (the date Australia converted to decimal currency) and was sponsored for most of its run byColes Stores. In July 1971, Coles dropped its sponsorship and the show becameThe $7000 Question. It was hosted by Malcolm Searle (1960–1963) and Roland Strong (1963–1971).
A Danish version of the show calledKvit eller dobbelt [da] was made inDenmark. The show originally aired from 1957 to 1959, with a top prize of 10,000Danish kroner.[20] It was revived in 1984,[21] then again in 1990[22] and again in 1999. The latest revival in 2013 was aimed at kids and also included kids as participants.[23]
The Italian version of this quiz wasLascia o raddoppia? (1955–1959). The prize money doubled from 2,560,000 lire to 5,120,000 lire.
The Mexican version,El Gran Premio de los 64,000 pesos, lasted from 1956 to 1994 with some interruptions, changes of name to compensate peso devaluation, and changes of TV network. Most of the time it was hosted by Pedro Ferriz. A movie was made in which Ferriz asks questions to a character played by Sara García, known then as "Mexican Cinema's Granny".
The Polish version of this quiz wasWielka gra ("The Great Game", 1962–2006). Initially the rules and the studio set-up matched the original's, but in 1975 both were changed by Wojciech Pijanowski, creator, producer, writer, and/or host of many quiz shows in Poland in the late 20th century, as the isolation booth was abandoned and a large turntable was added in the center of the studio floor, displaying the prize amount for each round, upon which the envelopes containing the questions were placed. The categories became more specific (e.g., Mozart—life and compositions, Muslim conquests in the 7th–8th centuries), were limited to art, history (most categories), geography, and zoology, and were now chosen by players during the elimination rounds.
After 1975, the game had the following rounds:
Although the show was cancelled due to low viewership, the cancellation was controversial because of how highly regarded it was by many people, especially those who were still watching it, and because some games that were planned or already in progress were not completed.
There were plans to revive the show in 2016 asWiększa gra ("The Greater Game") in an altered format, but eventually those plans were cancelled.
The Swedish version of this quiz wasKvitt eller dubbelt (1957–1982).
There were three derived versions in the UK: earlier,The 64,000 Question,The 64,000 Challenge (both with no dollar sign), and later,The $64,000 Question.
The phrasethe $64,000 question is anidiom and is routinely used[25][26][27][28] as a way of sayingthe most important question. It is derived from the fact that the ultimate question on the show was indeed, the $64,000 question.[29]