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Tetela language

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Bantu language of the DR Congo

Tetela
Ɔtɛtɛla
Native to	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Region	NorthernKasai Oriental Province
Ethnicity	Tetela people
Native speakers	(760,000 cited 1991)^[1]
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu (Zone C) Tetela languages (C.70) Tetela
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: `tll` – Tetela `hba` – Hamba
Glottolog	`tete1250` Tetela `hamb1245` Hamba
Guthrie code	`C.71`^[2]

Tetela (Otetela, Kitetela, Kikitatela), alsoSungu, is aBantu language of northernKasai-Oriental Province,Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is spoken by theTetela people.

Phonology

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Consonants

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		Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Plosive/ Affricate	voiceless	p	t	t͡ʃ	k
	voiced	b	d	d͡ʒ	(ɡ)
	prenasal	ᵐb	ⁿd	ᶮd͡ʒ	ᵑɡ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ʃ		h
	voiced	v
	prenasal	ᶬv
Lateral			l
Approximant				j	w

[ɡ] is heard as an allophone of /k/ in intervocalic positions.^[3]

Vowels

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	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Close-mid	e		o
Open-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Open		a

Noun classes

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Like otherBantu languages, Tetelagrammar arranges nouns into a number ofclasses. The ancestral system had 22 classes (counting singular and plural as distinct according to theMeinhof system), with most Bantu languages sharing at least ten of them.

class	semantics	prefix	singular	translation	plural	translation
1, 2	persons	o-/ɔ-/w-, a-	omfúnjí	scribe, secretary	amfúnjí	scribes, secretaries
3, 4	trees, etc	o-/ɔ-/w-, e-/ɛ-	ojja	place	ejja	places; region
5, 6	various	di-/dy-, a-	dihamvú	fruit of Chrysophyllum lacourtianum	ahamvú	fruits of Chrysophyllum lacourtianum
7, 8	various	ke-/e-, di-/dy-	kesashi	chief	disashi	chiefs
9, 10	animals, etc	Ø-/N-, Ø-/N-	mbódí	goat	mbódí	goats
11, 10	abstract concepts, etc	lo-, N-	lolémí	language	némí	languages
12, 13	various	ka-/k-, to-/t-	kashikɛ	helmet (from Frenchcasque)	toshikɛ	helmets
19, 13	various	°i- (complex morphology), to-/t-	jɔ́ndɔ́	???	tɔlɔ́ndɔ́	???

References

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^Tetela atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
Hamba atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
^Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.New Updated Guthrie List Online
^Kamomba, Michel Wetshemongo (2020).Parler, lire et écrire la langue bantoue otetela. L'Harmattan.

Relevant literature

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Elysee Meta Okubo. 2016.A COLLECTION OF 100 TETELA PROVERBS.Proverb website
Mukanga, Ndjeka Elizabeth, Empenge Albert Shefu, Ambaye Albertine Tshefu. 2020.Great Collection of Tetela Proverbs on the African Wisdom. Pittsburgh: Dorrance Publishers. [283 proverbs, 107 pages]

Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Official language

French

National languages

Indigenous
languages
(byprovince)

Bandundu	Boma Chokwe Ding Hungana Kwese Lia-Ntomba Mbala Mpuono Nzadi Pende Sakata Sengele Shinji Sonde Suku Tiene Yaka Yansi
Équateur	Bala Bangi Bango Budza Central Banda Furu Losengo Mbaka Mbandja Mongo Mono Ndolo Ndunga Ngbaka Minagende Ngbandi Ngbinda Ngbundu Ngombe Pagibete Sango South Banda Yangere
Kasai-Occidental	Binji Bushong Chokwe Lele Lwalu Wongo
Kasai-Oriental	Budya Dengese Luna Nkutu Salampasu Songe Tetela
Katanga	Bangubangu Bemba Bwile Chokwe Hemba Kaonde Kebwe Luba-Katanga Lunda Ruund Sanga Tabwa Zela Yazi
Kinshasa	Mfinu
Maniema	Hendo Zimba
Nord-Kivu	Amba Havu Hunde Kinyarwanda Kirundi Nande Nyanga Talinga Tembo Vanuma Yaka
Orientale	Alur Asoa Avokaya Bangala Bangba Barambu Beeke Bila Budu Bwa Bwela Dongo Guru Hema Kaliko Kango (Bas-Uélé District) Kango (Tshopo District) Kari Kele Lendu Lese Lika Likile Linga Loki Logo Lombo Lugbara Ma Mangbetu Mangbutu Mayogo Mba Mbo Ndaka Ngbee Ngelima Nyali Nyanga-li Nzakara Omi Pambia Poke Soko Tagbo Zande
Sud-Kivu	Buyu Fuliiru Havu Kabwari Rwanda Nyindu Rundi Shi Tembo

Sign languages

French African Sign

NarrowBantu languages (Zones C–D) (byGuthrie classification)

Zone C

C10	C11Ngondi C12aPande C12bBogongo C13Mbati C14Mbomotaba C15Bongili C16Lobala [C101Dibole C102Ngando C103Kota C104Yaka C105Mbenga C141Enyele C142Bondongo C143Mbonzo C161Bomboli C162Bozaba
C20	C21Mboko C22Akwa C23[21]Ngare C24Koyo C25Mbosi C26Kwala C27Kuba [C201Bwenyi
C30	C31aLoi C31bNgiri C31cNunu C32Bobangi C33Sengele C34Sakata C35aNtomba C35bBolia C36aPoto C36bMpesa C36cMbudza C36dMangala C36eBoloki C36fKangana C36gNdolo C37Buja [C301Doko C302Bolondo C311Mabaale C312Ndoobo C313Litoka C314Balobo C315Enga C321Binza C322Dzamba C323Mpama C371Tembo C372Kunda C373Gbuta C374Babale
C40	C41Ngombe C42Bwela C43Bati C44Boa C45Angba [C401Pagibete C403Kango C411Bomboma C412Bamwe C413Dzando C414Ligendza C415Likula C441Bango
C50	C51Mbesa C52So C53Poke C54Lombo C55Kele C56Foma [C501Likile C502Linga
C60	C61aNortheast Mongo C61bNorthwest Mongo C62Lalia [C63Ngando C611Bafoto
C70	C71Tetela C72Kusu C73Nkutu C74Yela C75Kela C76Ombo [C701Langa
C80	C81Dengese C82Songomeno C83Busoong C84Lele C85Wongo

Zone D

D10	D11Mbole D12Lengola D13Metoko D14Enya [D141Zura
D20	D21Bali D22Amba D23Komo D24Songola D25Lega D26Zimba D27Bangubangu D28aWest Holoholo D28bEast Holoholo [D201Liko D211Kango D251Lega-Malinga D281Tumbwe D282Lumbwe
D30	D31Peri D32Bira D33Nyali [D301Kari D302Guru D303Ngbinda D304Homa D305Nyanga-li D306Gbati-ri D307Mayeka D308Bodo D311Bila D312Kaiku D313Ibutu D331Bvanuma D332Budu D333Ndaaka D334Mbo D335Beeke D336Ngbee
[J]D40	[J]D41Konzo [J]D42Ndandi [J]D43Nyanga
[J]D50	[J]D51Hunde [J]D52Haavu [J]D53Nyabungu [J]D54Bembe [J]D55Buyi [J]D56Kabwari [JD501Nyindu [J]JD502Yaka [J]JD531Tembo
[J]D60	[J]D61Ruanda [J]D62Rundi [J]D63Fuliiro [J]D64Shubi [J]D65Hangaza [J]D66Ha [J]D67Vinza [JD631Vira

Italics indicateextinct languages.
Languages between parentheses arevarieties of the language on their left.

TheGuthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.

Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates: Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M); Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)

Authority control databases
National	France BnF data Israel
Other	IdRef

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