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Atessera (plural:tesserae, diminutivetessella) is an individualtile, usually formed in the shape of asquare, used in creating amosaic. It is also known as anabaciscus orabaculus.
Inearly antiquity,mosaics were formed from naturally formed coloredpebbles. By roughly 200 BC cut stone tesserae were being used inHellenistic-Greek mosaics. For instance, a large body of surviving material from the Hellenistic period can be found in themosaics of Delos, Greece, dating to the late 2nd century BC.Ancient Roman decorativemosaic panels andfloor mosaics were also produced during the 2nd century BC, particularly at sites such asAntioch andPompeii.Marble orlimestone were cut into small cubes and arranged into representational designs and geometric patterns.
Later, tesserae were made from colored glass, or clear glass backed with metal foils. TheByzantines used tesserae withgold leaf, in which case the glass pieces were flatter, with two glass piecessandwiching the gold. This produced a golden reflection emanating from in between the tesserae as well as their front, causing a far richer and more luminous effect than even plain gold leaf would create.
These are manufactured glass tiles made to a uniform shape and size. They are made by molten glass being poured into trays and fired. An imprint of grooves is made on their underside for help with adhesion to cement when fixing.
Iridised (with a reflective quality), marbled (featuring contrasting and complementary colors), metallic (semi-transparent with gold or bronze veins), and millefiori (round handmade Murano tesserae with intricate patterns) tesserae are also widely used.[1]
These are the cheapest range of bought materials and can be glazed or unglazed. The glazed ceramic tiles have the color painted onto the top of the clay and then fired to a high temperature in a kiln. The unglazed or body glazed version has the color mixed into the wet clay so the color runs through them. They vary in size.[2]
This is the classic mosaic material. It is opaque glass fired in large slabs in a kiln and then hand cut into small cubes with a hammer and hardy chisel. Their irregular finish makes them a wonderful reflector of light and this material is best used working straight into cement. It is produced in Venice and sold by colour and weight.[3][4]
This tile is made withgold and silverleaf sandwiched between two layers of glass and fired twice in the kiln to embed in the metal.
Mirror fragments are available as offcuts from glass cutting shops.
Opaquestained glass comes as large sheets that can be cut into smaller sections with a glasscutter.
Various household objects, includingpottery shards, can be used, especially intrencadís or pique assiette technique.
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