Lightweight, flexible tenor voice type
Tenore di grazia , also calledleggero tenor[ a] (graceful ,light , andlightweight tenor, respectively), is a lightweight, flexibletenor voice type .[ 2] [ 3] The tenor roles written in the early 19th-century Italian operas are invariably leggero tenor roles, especially those byRossini such as Lindoro inL'italiana in Algeri , Don Ramiro inLa Cenerentola , and Almaviva inIl barbiere di Siviglia ; and those byBellini such as Gualtiero inIl pirata , Elvino inLa sonnambula and Arturo inI puritani .[ 4] [ 5] [ 6] ManyDonizetti roles, such as Nemorino inL'elisir d'amore and Ernesto inDon Pasquale , Tonio inLa fille du régiment , are alsotenore di grazia roles. One of the most famous leggero tenors of that period wasGiovanni Battista Rubini , for whom Bellini wrote nearly all his operas.[ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Classification and range [ edit ] The tenor leggero voice is often misclassified. There are several reasons for this, the first being the lowerregister of the leggero tenor.[ 10] [ 11] [ 12] [ 13] The leggero tenor can go quite low, approximately toG below low CG2 .[ 14] [ 15] Because of this, the leggero tenor is often misclassified as abaritone , normally a lyric baritone.[ 16] [ 17] This voice might also be classified as another type of tenor such as dramatic tenor. However, the leggero tenor possesses something that the other tenors do not: an upperextension that when not fully developed, sounds almost like afalsetto .[ 18] This "falsetto" however is part of a full voice mechanism and is more connected to what appears to sound like the full voice than a falsetto would.[ 19] [ 20] [self-published source ] The upper extension normally starts aroundA-flat below TenorHigh C and goes up to as high as the singer is comfortable with, normallyE above High C and sometimes toF ♯ orG .[ 19] [ 21] [ 22] The highest vocal range needed in opera for this voice type is F above Tenor High C.[ 23] [ 24] This is sung as part of the role of Arturo inI puritani .[ 25] [ 26] [ 27] [ 28]
The light French lyric tenor is also often confused with the leggero tenor.[ 29] [ 30] Examples of the French tradition of a light and lyrical voice can be found in roles such as Georges Brown inLa dame blanche , Chapelou inLe postillon de Lonjumeau , Nadir inLes pêcheurs de perles , Vincent inMireille , and Gérald inLakmé .[ 3] [ 22] [ 31] [ 32] [ 33]
Notes
^ Often also calledleggiero tenor,[ 1] although that is not an Italian term. Citations
^ "The Tenor Voice – Lyrischer (hoher) tenor (c to c”)" , ipasource.com^ Soreanu, Cristina. "Nineteenth Century’s Donizettian Singers and their Contribution to the Development of the Vocal Technique." Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series VIII: Performing Arts 2 (2014): 124–130. ^a b Enrico Stinchelli (2002).Le stelle della lirica: i grandi cantanti della storia dell'opera . Gremese Editore. pp. 19–.ISBN 978-88-8440-192-2 . ^ Kent Carlson (2000).The leggero tenor in opera: 1754–1793 . Garri Editions. ^ Richard Boldrey; Janet Bookspan; Carol Kimball (1992).Singers' edition, operatic arias: soubrette . Pst.ISBN 9781877761034 . ^ George Henry Hubert Lascelles Earl of Harewood (2000).Opera . Rolls House Publishing Company.^ Walker, Evan. "The Fable of Adolphe Nourrit."Journal of Singing 64.4 (2008): 411. ^ Nicholas Till (18 October 2012).The Cambridge Companion to Opera Studies . Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–.ISBN 978-0-521-85561-7 . ^ Storia della musica . Editoriale Jaca Book. 1995. pp. 296ff.ISBN 978-88-16-43917-7 .^ May, Joshua M. "The Rise of the Tenor Voice in the Late Eighteenth Century: Mozart’s Opera and Concert Arias." (2014). ^ Brent, Joseph (18 December 2014).Giovanni Paolo Bottesini as a composer for the tenor voice, as seen in his writing for Roberto Stagno, Angelo Masini, and Alberto Bozetti (PDF) (DMA). University of Georgia. ^ Michael Edward Henstock (20 September 1990).Fernando De Lucia: son of Naples : 1860–1925 . Duckworth.ISBN 978-0-7156-2325-1 . ^ Dan H. Marek (6 June 2013).Giovanni Battista Rubini and the Bel Canto Tenors: History and Technique . Scarecrow Press. pp. 8ff.ISBN 978-0-8108-8668-1 . ^ Opera . Rolls House Publishing Company. March 2008.^ Opera . Rolls House Publishing Company. March 2008. pp. 127ff.^ Arthur Elson (1915).The Book of Musical Knowledge: The History, Technique, and Appreciation of Music, Together with Lives of the Great Composers, for Music-lovers, Students and Teachers . Houghton Mifflin. ^ Richard Boldrey; Robert Caldwell; Roger Pines; Janet Bookspan (1 June 1992).Singers' edition, operatic arias: lyric soprano, light lyric soprano . Pst.ISBN 9781877761027 . ^ Helena Matheopoulos (1 November 1986).Divo: great tenors, baritones, and basses discuss their roles . Harper & Row.ISBN 978-0-06-015634-3 . ^a b Dan Marek (2007).Singing: The First Art . Scarecrow Press. pp. 37ff .ISBN 978-0-8108-5711-7 . ^ Francois Nouvion (October 2012).Asile Hereditaire: The Life and Career of John O'Sullivan . Xlibris Corporation. pp. 411ff.ISBN 978-1-4771-5123-5 . ^ Naomi Adele André (1 January 2006).Voicing Gender: Castrati, Travesti, and the Second Woman in Early-nineteenth-century Italian Opera . Indiana University Press. pp. 127ff .ISBN 0-253-34644-4 . ^a b Laura Williams Macy (2008).The Grove Book of Opera Singers . Oxford University Press. pp. 136ff.ISBN 978-0-19-533765-5 . ^ Dorothea Link (2011).Arias for Vincenzo Calvesi: Mozart's first Ferrando . A-R Editions. pp. 15ff.ISBN 978-0-89579-717-9 . ^ Herbert Kupferberg (8 November 1988).The book of classical music lists . Penguin Books.ISBN 978-0-14-011188-0 . ^ Enciclopedia della musica . Rizzoli Ricordi. 1972.^ Roger Alier Aixalà; Roger Alier (1 January 2002).Historia de la ópera . Ediciones Robinbook. pp. 180ff.ISBN 978-84-95601-66-7 . ^ Friedrich Lippmann (1972).Bericht . Böhlau Verlag.ISBN 978-3-412-96772-7 .^ BBC Music Magazine . BBC Magazines. 2008.^ Robert Cannon (16 February 2012).Opera . Cambridge University Press. pp. 391ff.ISBN 978-0-521-76302-8 . ^ Helena Matheopoulos (28 September 1999).The great tenors: from Caruso to the present . Vendome Press.ISBN 9780865652033 . ^ John Sullivan Dwight (1865).Dwight's Journal of Music . D.L. Balch. pp. 128ff. ^ Gustav Kobbé (3 October 2014).The Complete Opera Book (Illustrated). B & R Samizdat Express.ISBN 978-1-4554-4648-3 .^ RM, rassegna musicale italiana . Rassegna musicale italiana. 1997.