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This template is used to produce a phonetic or phonemic representation (using theIPA system) ofMandarin Chinese words or sounds, usingPinyin input to avoid the need to search for the correct phonetic symbols. The result is wikilinked toHelp:IPA/Mandarin. Optionally, an audio file can also be specified.
The number of parameters is always limited to 41 (Note: parameter #41 can only be a tone number).
Normal usage:
{{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2}} →[ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ]{{IPAc-cmn|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} →[ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ]With an audio file:
To change the delimiters (for example, if several instances of the template need to be strung together because of the limit on the number of parameters):
{{IPAc-cmn|[-|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} →[ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ{{IPAc-cmn|-]|zh|ong|1|h|ua|2|-|r|en|2|m|in|2|-|g|ong|4|h|e|2|g|uo|2}} →ʈʂʊ́ŋxwǎ ɻə̌nmǐn kʊ̂ŋxɤ̌kwǒ]The full range of special values for the first parameter (changing the delimiters and/or specifying that the next parameter is an audio file) is as follows:
-- [- -] // /- -/ AUD -]AUD //AUD -/AUDFor example, to link an audio clip as well as change delimeters:
The following initials are used as in Pinyin, and represent their normal sounds in Standard Mandarin:
b p m f d t n l g k h j q xzh ch sh r z c sEach final should be entered as a whole parameter, and as if it were not preceded by an initial, though in most cases either form is acceptable:
yong (oriong),wa (orua), etc.But note that the finals with ⟨ü⟩, despite usually being written ⟨u⟩ in Pinyin, must either be substituted withyu ü v, or written together with the initial j, q, or x. Similarly, the null final ofshi, ri, etc. must either be substituted with^ (a caret), or written together with the initial z(h) c(h) s(h) or r.
Erhua is indicated simply with an ‹-r› as part of the final, e.g.,angr.
^ =[ɨ]ai =[aɪ]an =[an]a =[a]ang =[aŋ]ao =[aʊ]ei =[eɪ]en =[ən]ê =[ɛ]e =[ɤ]eng =[əŋ]yi, i =[i]yin, in =[in]ying, ing =[iŋ]ya, ia =[ja]yang, iang =[jaŋ]yao, iao =[jaʊ]ye, ie =[je]yan, ian =[jɛn]you, iu =[joʊ]yo, io =[jɔ]yong, iong =[jʊŋ]ou =[oʊ]o =[wo]wu =[u]yue, üe, ve =[ɥe]yuan, üan, van =[ɥɛn]ong =[ʊŋ]wa, ua =[wa]wai, uai =[waɪ]wan, uan =[wan]wang, uang =[waŋ]wei, ui =[weɪ]wen, un =[wən]weng =[wəŋ]wo, uo, o =[wo]yu, ü, v =[y]yun, ün, vn =[yn]er, ar, air, anr =[aɚ]angr =[ãɚ̃]aor =[aʊ˞]^r =[ɨɚ]eir, enr =[ɚ]engr =[ɚ̃]e'r =[ɤ˞]yar, iar =[jaɚ]yanr, ianr =[jɐɚ]yangr, iangr =[jãɚ̃]yaor, iaor =[jaʊ˞]yinr, inr, yir, ir =[jɚ]yer, ier =[jɚ]yingr, ingr =[jɚ̃]your, iur =[joʊ˞]yongr, iongr =[jʊ̃˞]our =[oʊ˞]yuanr, üanr, vanr =[ɥɐɚ]yur, ür, vr, yunr, ünr, vnr =[ɥɚ]yuer, üer, ver =[ɥɚ]ongr =[ʊ̃˞]war, uar, wair, uair, wanr, uanr =[waɚ]wangr, uangr =[wãɚ̃]weir, uir, wenr, unr =[wɚ]wengr =[wɚ̃]wur =[u˞]wor, uor =[wo˞]M =[m̩]N =[n̩]NG =[ŋ̩]The tones are indicated by their traditionaltone number, entered as the parameter after the final of the syllable. Note that this template uses IPA tone diacritics, which are different from the Pinyin tone diacritics:
| Tone number | Description | Input | Result | Pinyin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | high | {{IPAc-cmn|a|1}} | [á] | ā |
| 2 | rising | {{IPAc-cmn|a|2}} | [ǎ] | á |
| 3 | low | {{IPAc-cmn|a|3}} | [à] | ǎ |
| 4 | falling | {{IPAc-cmn|a|4}} | [â] | à |
| 5 | neutral | {{IPAc-cmn|a|5}} | [a] | a |
The following parameters have special meanings:
- (hyphen) for a space between words. (period) for a syllable break' (apostrophe) for a primary stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable), (comma) for a secondary stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)Other values used as parameters will be displayed unconverted. (The conversion system is coded inTemplate:c-cmn. The tones are encoded inTemplate:tone-cmn)