 | This template usesLua: |
| {{Cite arXiv}} | arXiv preprints |
|---|---|
| {{Cite AV media}} | audio and visual media |
| {{Cite AV media notes}} | AV media liner notes |
| {{Cite bioRxiv}} | bioRxiv preprints |
| {{Cite book}} | books and chapters |
| {{Cite CiteSeerX}} | CiteSeerX papers |
| {{Cite conference}} | conference papers |
| {{Cite document}} | short, stand-alone, offline documents |
| {{Cite encyclopedia}} | edited collections |
| {{Cite episode}} | radio or TV episodes |
| {{Cite interview}} | interviews |
| {{Cite journal}} | academic journals |
| {{Cite magazine}} | magazines, periodicals |
| {{Cite mailing list}} | public mailing lists |
| {{Cite map}} | maps |
| {{Cite medRxiv}} | medRxiv preprints |
| {{Cite news}} | news articles |
| {{Cite newsgroup}} | online newsgroups |
| {{Cite podcast}} | podcasts |
| {{Cite press release}} | press releases |
| {{Cite report}} | reports |
| {{Cite serial}} | audio or video serials |
| {{Cite sign}} | signs, plaques |
| {{Cite speech}} | speeches |
| {{Cite SSRN}} | SSRN papers |
| {{Cite tech report}} | technical reports |
| {{Cite thesis}} | theses |
| {{Cite web}} | web sources not covered by the above |
| See also | Specific-source templates Citation Style 1 wrapper templates |
ThisCitation Style 1 template is used to createcitations for signs, plaques, gravestones, and other non-video visuals.
Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as|isbn= have upper-case aliases like|ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, thenpurge the page.
{{cite sign|last=|first=|date=|title=|url=|work=|type=|location=|publisher=|access-date=}} |
{{cite sign|last1=|first1=|author-link1=|last2=|first2=|author-link2=|display-authors=|author-mask1=|author-mask2=|collaboration=|df=|date=|year=|orig-date=|orig-year=|chapter=|script-chapter=|chapter-url=|chapter-url-access=|trans-chapter=|chapter-format=|location=|editor-last1=|editor-first1=|editor-link1=|editor-last2=|editor-first2=|editor-link2=|display-editors=|editor-mask1=|editor-mask2=|title=|script-title=|title-link=|url=|url-access=|trans-title=|format=|department=|work=|script-work=|trans-work=|type=|series=|language=|interviewer-last1=|interviewer-first1=|interviewer-link1=|interviewer-last2=|interviewer-first2=|interviewer-link2=|display-interviewers=|interviewer-mask1=|interviewer-mask2=|translator-last1=|translator-first1=|translator-link1=|translator-last2=|translator-first2=|translator-link2=|display-translators=|translator-mask1=|translator-mask2=|others=|name-list-style=|edition=|publication-place=|publisher=|publication-date=|minutes=|time-caption=|time=|arxiv=|asin=|asin-tld=|bibcode=|bibcode-access=|biorxiv=|citeseerx=|doi=|doi-access=|doi-broken-date=|eissn=|hdl=|hdl-access=|isbn=|ismn=|issn=|jfm=|jstor=|jstor-access=|lccn=|medrxiv=|mr=|oclc=|ol=|ol-access=|osti=|osti-access=|pmc=|pmc-embargo-date=|pmid=|rfc=|sbn=|ssrn=|s2cid=|s2cid-access=|zbl=|id=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-format=|archive-date=|access-date=|via=|quote=|script-quote=|trans-quote=|mode=|ref=|postscript=}} |
{{cite sign|last=|first=|date=|title=|url=|work=|type=|location=|publisher=|access-date=}} |
| Parameters | Prerequisites | Brief instructions / notes | Vertical list |
|---|---|---|---|
last1 | Author's last name or single name author. Don't link. | {{cite sign|last1=|first1=|author-link1=|last2=|first2=|author-link2=|display-authors=|author-mask1=|author-mask2=|collaboration=|df=|date=|year=|orig-date=|orig-year=|chapter=|script-chapter=|chapter-url=|chapter-url-access=|trans-chapter=|chapter-format=|location=|editor-last1=|editor-first1=|editor-link1=|editor-last2=|editor-first2=|editor-link2=|display-editors=|editor-mask1=|editor-mask2=|title=|script-title=|title-link=|url=|url-access=|trans-title=|format=|department=|work=|script-work=|trans-work=|type=|series=|language=|interviewer-last1=|interviewer-first1=|interviewer-link1=|interviewer-last2=|interviewer-first2=|interviewer-link2=|display-interviewers=|interviewer-mask1=|interviewer-mask2=|translator-last1=|translator-first1=|translator-link1=|translator-last2=|translator-first2=|translator-link2=|display-translators=|translator-mask1=|translator-mask2=|others=|name-list-style=|edition=|publication-place=|publisher=|publication-date=|minutes=|time-caption=|time=|arxiv=|asin=|asin-tld=|bibcode=|bibcode-access=|biorxiv=|citeseerx=|doi=|doi-access=|doi-broken-date=|eissn=|hdl=|hdl-access=|isbn=|ismn=|issn=|jfm=|jstor=|jstor-access=|lccn=|medrxiv=|mr=|oclc=|ol=|ol-access=|osti=|osti-access=|pmc=|pmc-embargo-date=|pmid=|rfc=|sbn=|ssrn=|s2cid=|s2cid-access=|zbl=|id=|url-status=|archive-url=|archive-format=|archive-date=|access-date=|via=|quote=|script-quote=|trans-quote=|mode=|ref=|postscript=}} | |
first1 | last1 | Author's first name. Don't link. | |
author-link1 | last1 | Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link. | |
last2 | last1 | Likelast1, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar:last3, etc. | |
first2 | last2 | Likefirst1, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar:first3, etc. | |
author-link2 | last2 | Likeauthor-link1, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar:author-link3, etc. | |
display-authors | last1 | Number (number of authors displayed) oretal (more authors) | |
author-mask1 | last1 | SeeDisplay options below; not for lists of cited works | |
author-mask2 | last2 | ||
collaboration | last1 | ||
df | |||
date | |||
year | |||
orig-date | date oryear | ||
orig-year | date oryear | ||
chapter | This should be the title of the chapter cited. Do not wikilinkchapter ifchapter-url is provided. | ||
script-chapter | |||
chapter-url | chapter orscript-chapter | ||
chapter-url-access | chapter-url | ||
trans-chapter | chapter orscript-chapter | ||
chapter-format | chapter-url | ||
location | publisher | can be used for written-at location whenpublication-place is used for publication place | |
editor-last1 | Likelast1, but for editor. Don't link. | ||
editor-first1 | editor-last1 | Likefirst1, but for editor. Don't link. | |
editor-link1 | editor-last1 | Likeauthor-link1, but for editor. Don't link. | |
editor-last2 | editor-last1 | Likelast1, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar:editor-last3, etc. | |
editor-first2 | editor-last2 | Likefirst1, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar:editor-first3, etc. | |
editor-link2 | editor-last2 | Likeauthor-link1, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar:editor-link3, etc. | |
display-editors | editor-last1 | Likedisplay-authors, but for editors | |
editor-mask1 | editor-last1 | SeeDisplay options below; not for lists of cited works | |
editor-mask2 | editor-last2 | ||
title | This parameter is required. | ||
script-title | |||
title-link | title orscript-title | Name of a Wikipedia article about the work. Do not use ifurl is provided | |
url | title orscript-title | Do not use iftitle-link is provided | |
url-access | url | ||
trans-title | title orscript-title | ||
format | url | ||
department | |||
work | |||
script-work | |||
trans-work | work orscript-work | ||
type | |||
series | |||
language | |||
interviewer-last1 | Likelast1, but for interviewer. Don't link. | ||
interviewer-first1 | interviewer-last1 | Likefirst1, but for interviewer. Don't link. | |
interviewer-link1 | interviewer-last1 | Likeauthor-link1, but for interviewer. Don't link. | |
interviewer-last2 | interviewer-last1 | Likelast1, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar:interviewer-last3, etc. | |
interviewer-first2 | interviewer-last2 | Likefirst1, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar:interviewer-first3, etc. | |
interviewer-link2 | interviewer-last2 | Likeauthor-link1, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar:interviewer-link3, etc. | |
display-interviewers | interviewer-last1 | Likedisplay-authors, but for interviewers | |
interviewer-mask1 | interviewer-last1 | SeeDisplay options below; not for lists of cited works | |
interviewer-mask2 | interviewer-last2 | ||
translator-last1 | Likelast1, but for translator. Don't link. | ||
translator-first1 | translator-last1 | Likefirst1, but for translator. Don't link. | |
translator-link1 | translator-last1 | Likeauthor-link1, but for translator. Don't link. | |
translator-last2 | translator-last1 | Likelast1, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar:translator-last3, etc. | |
translator-first2 | translator-last2 | Likefirst1, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar:translator-first3, etc. | |
translator-link2 | translator-last2 | Likeauthor-link1, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar:translator-link3, etc. | |
display-translators | translator-last1 | Likedisplay-authors, but for translators | |
translator-mask1 | translator-last1 | SeeDisplay options below; not for lists of cited works | |
translator-mask2 | translator-last2 | ||
others | |||
name-list-style | last2 | Set toamp orampersand to separate the last author with" &"; set toand to separate with" and" | |
edition | |||
publication-place | publisher | ||
publisher | |||
publication-date | |||
minutes | |||
time-caption | time | ||
time | |||
arxiv | |||
asin | |||
asin-tld | asin | ||
bibcode | |||
biorxiv | |||
biorxiv-access | biorxiv | ||
citeseerx | |||
doi | |||
doi-access | doi | ||
doi-broken-date | doi | ||
eissn | |||
hdl | |||
hdl-access | hdl | ||
isbn | |||
ismn | |||
issn | |||
jfm | |||
jstor | |||
jstor-access | jstor | ||
lccn | |||
medrxiv | |||
mr | |||
oclc | |||
ol | |||
ol-access | ol | ||
osti | |||
osti-access | osti | ||
pmc | |||
pmc-embargo-date | pmc | ||
pmid | |||
rfc | |||
sbn | |||
ssrn | |||
s2cid | |||
s2cid-access | s2cid | ||
zbl | |||
id | |||
url-status | archive-url | ||
archive-url | archive-date,url | ||
archive-format | archive-url | ||
archive-date | archive-url | ||
access-date | url | ||
via | |||
quote | |||
script-quote | |||
trans-quote | |||
mode | cs1 orcs2 | ||
ref | |||
postscript | |||
| If a field name is listed in thePrerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left. | |||
{{Cite sign |title=The Underwater Archaeology Centre |year=2006 |type=Plaque outside museum |publisher=The Hampshire and Wight Trust for Maritime Archaeology |location=[[Fort Victoria (Isle of Wight)|Fort Victoria]]}}
{{cite sign |author=Michigan Historical Marker Program |url=http://www.jacksonmich.com/markers/mark1.htm |title=Under the Oaks |location=Jackson, MI |publisher=Michigan Department of Natural Resources |date=February 18, 1956 |access-date=July 25, 2010 |medium=Michigan Historical Marker}}
Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:
By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.).
This template embedsCOinS metadata in the HTML output, allowingreference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.SeeWikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:
|date=27 September 2007 not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example ,–, or , should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.
Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in theUsage section near the top of this documentation page.
|periodical=,|journal=,|newspaper=,|magazine=,|work=,|website=,|encyclopedia=,|encyclopaedia=,|dictionary=|chapter=,|script-chapter=,|contribution=,|script-contribution=,|entry=,|script-entry=,|article=,|script-article=,|section=,|script-section=|title=,|script-title=,|book-title=|publication-place=,|place=,|location=|date=,|year=,|publication-date=|series=,|version=|volume=,|issue=,|number=|page=,|pages=,|at=,|quote-page=,|quote-pages=|edition=|publisher=,|institution=|url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|section-url=|author-last=,|author-last#=,|author#-last=,|author-surname=,|author-surname#=,|author#-surname=,|last=,|last#=,|surname=,|surname#=,|author=,|author#=,|subject=,|subject#=,|host=,|host#=|author-first=,|author-first#=,|author#-first=,|author-given=,|author-given#=,|author#-given=,|first=,|first#=,|given=,|given#=|degree=|arxiv=,|bibcode=,|biorxiv=,|citeseerx=,|doi=,|eissn=,|eprint=,|hdl=,|isbn=,|issn=,|jfm=,|jstor=,|lccn=,|message-id=,|mr=,|oclc=,|osti=,|pmc=,|pmid=,|rfc=,|ssrn=,|s2cid=,|zbl=| Parameter | Description | Date |
|---|---|---|
| N/A | ||
| Deprecated parameter | Replace with | Date |
|---|---|---|
| none deprecated at present |
| Removed parameter | Replace with | Date | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
|authors= | |lastn= /|firstn=,|authorn=,|vauthors= | August 2024 |
|author=Bono). Aliases:surname,author,last1,surname1,author1.|first= and|last=. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supportsaccept-this-as-written markup. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.|first1=...|last1=...|author2=....amp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.|vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal|vauthors= as described above{{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case,year orref is required to disambiguate the link targets.c.", like this:|date=c. 1900.|date=n.d.created orupdated date; a comment for editors such asdate=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.|date=,|publication-date=,|access-date=,|archive-date=, etc.) except for|orig-date= in the style specified by the article's{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.|date= parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the|date= parameter, unlessboth of the following conditions are met:CITEREFdisambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)|date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)|orig-date=First published 1859 or|orig-date=Composed 1904. As|orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by|df= (or, if it exists in the article, by|cs1-dates= of a{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the|date= parameter. Alias:orig-yeardmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;mdy – as above for month day, year formatymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DDdmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;mdy-all – as above for month day, year formatymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD|editor-first1=...|editor-last1=...|editor2=....amp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.|veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal|veditors=, as described above(See alsoHelp:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)
... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...| newline | [ | ] | | |
|---|---|---|---|
| space | [ | ] | {{!}} (preferred) |
| {{bracket|text}} | | or{{pipe}} –see alsoHelp:Table § Rendering the pipe | ||
none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples:Thesis,Booklet,Accepted manuscript,CD liner,Press release. Alias:medium.... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...Afterword,Foreword,Introduction, orPreface will display unquoted; any other value will display in quotation marks. The author of the contribution is given incontributor.|language=ru;|lang=fr, pt-br;|lang=Russian;|language=French, Portuguese.See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory ofCategory:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g.espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:lang#ixzz2rBr3aO94 or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=....For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, seeWP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such asAmazon; use|isbn= or|oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Can behidden or styled by registered editors. Alias:accessdate.|url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:archiveurl.{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Alias:archivedate.|url= or|archive-url= to link|title=; requiresurlandarchive-url. Use{{dead link}} to mark dead|url= when there is no|archive-url=.dead – (default condition when|url-status= omitted or empty) selects|archive-url=live – selects|url=; used when|url= is preemptively archived with|archive-url=deviated – selects|archive-url=; used when|url= is still live but no longer supports the text in a Wikipedia articleunfit – selects|archive-url=; used when|url= links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, or other unsuitablepage; links to|url= are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider insteadusurpation orblacklist. Bot help is available atWP:URLREQusurped – selects|archive-url=; used when thedomain in|url= no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities such as vice, reseller, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, and advertising sites; links to|url= are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available atWP:URLREQbot: unknown – Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed inCategory:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.URLs must begin with a supportedURI scheme.http:// andhttps:// will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://,gopher://,irc://,ircs://,mailto: andnews: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.
If URLs incitation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to bepercent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by%20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:
| Character | space | " | ' | < | > | [ | ] | { | | | } |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Encoding | %20 | %22 | %27 | %3C | %3E | %5B | %5D | %7B | %7C | %7D |
Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.
{{cite journal}} and{{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays initalics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. Ifscript-work is defined, usework to hold aRomanization (if available) of the title inscript-work. Aliases:journal,newspaper,magazine,periodical,website. UseLatin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standardRomanization in this field.... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...|edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.|publisher=self-published.[2] Donot use thepublisher parameter for the name of awork (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. This parameter is most commonly used for books, and rarely for websites or periodicals (although it may be used instead ofwork in some cases). Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishesThe New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays aftertitle.|id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as|id={{NCJ|122967}} to appendNCJ 122967 instead.The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.|rfc=822 or|pmc=345678.
|arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or|arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or|arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:eprint.|asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases:ASIN.ae,au,br,ca,cn,de,es,fr,in,it,jp,mx,nl,pl,sa,se,sg,tr,uk. Aliases: none.1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.10.1101/078733 forhttp://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 orhttps://doi.org/10.1101/078733;10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 forhttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.10.1.1.176.341 forhttps://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases:DOI.|eissn=1557-2986. Aliases:EISSN.|hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases:HDL.978-0-8126-9593-9.(SeeWikipedia:ISBN andISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, usesbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISBN.|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}} – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.979-0-9016791-7-7.Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISMN.|issn=2049-3630. Aliases:ISSN.|jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases:JFM.|jstor=3793107. Aliases:JSTOR.|lccn=79-57364 or|lccn=2004042477 or|lccn=e09001178. Aliases:LCCN.|mr=630583. Aliases:MR.|oclc=9355469. Aliases:OCLC.|ol=7030731M. Aliases:OL.|osti=4367507. Aliases:OSTI.|pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value.See also thepmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMC.|pmid=17322060See also thepmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMID.|rfc=3143. Aliases:RFC.|sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases:SBN.|ssrn=1900856. Aliases:SSRN.|s2cid=37220927. Aliases:S2CID.|zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results likeJFM 35.0387.02 use|jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases:ZBL.In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=,|eissn=,|isbn=,|issn=, and|sbn=) support a specialaccept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as|<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.
For some identifiers, it is possible to specify theaccess status using the corresponding|<param>-access= parameter.
For{{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when|url= and|title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for|title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or|title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).
It is not necessary to specify a URL to a linkidentical to a link also produced by an identifier. The|url= parameter (or|title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or aconvenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.
Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented inVerifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant toverifying claims in articles.
Four access levels can be used:
free: the source is free to read for anyone
registration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registrationlimited: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required
subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall")As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.
Online sources linked by|url=,|article-url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|entry-url=,|map-url=, and|section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked asfree. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add|archive-url= and|archive-date= values if possible.
| URL | Access | Allowed keywords |
|---|---|---|
|url= | |url-access= | registrationlimitedsubscription |
|article-url= | |article-url-access= | |
|chapter-url= | |chapter-url-access= | |
|contribution-url= | |contribution-url-access= | |
|entry-url= | |entry-url-access= | |
|map-url= | |map-url-access= | |
|section-url= | |section-url-access= |
For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:
{{cite web|url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php|url-access=registration|date=2021-04-15|title=Nifty example data}}
which renders as:
Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked aslimited,registration, orsubscription.
| Identifier | Access | Allowed keywords |
|---|---|---|
|bibcode= | |bibcode-access= | free |
|doi= | |doi-access= | |
|hdl= | |hdl-access= | |
|jstor= | |jstor-access= | |
|ol= | |ol-access= | |
|osti= | |osti-access= | |
|ssrn= | |ssrn-access= | |
|s2cid= | |s2cid-access= |
Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:
|arxiv=|biorxiv=|citeseerx=|medrxiv=|pmc=|rfc=For embargoedpmc that will become available in the future, seepmc-embargo-date.
10.xxxx/... part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list underlocal function build_free_doi_registrants_table(). If|doi-access=free is not set, it will place the page inCategory:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI, which is routinely cleared byUser:Citation bot.10.xxxx/yyyy.... DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added toModule:Citation/CS1/Configuration underlocal extended_registrants_t = { with the format['XXXX'] = {'YYYY'},. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format['XXXX'] = {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},.... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...|ref=ID generates an anchor with the givenID (theid= attribute in the citation's<cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting|ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allowswikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations likeshortened notes andparenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with{{sfn}} and{{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair|ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting shouldnot be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set|ref=none. Aliases: none.SeeTemplate:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.|mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For|mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation usepostscript.{{reflist}},<references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.|authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specificname.|display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).|display-authors=0 is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.|display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none..); for no terminating punctuation, specify|postscript=none – leaving|postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.|postscript= is ignored ifquote is defined. | This section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information seeHelp:Citation Style 1#TemplateData |
TemplateData for Cite sign
This template is used to create citations for signs, plaques, and other non-video visuals, using the provided source information (e.g. author, publication, date) and various formatting options.
| Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| URL | url | The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found | String | optional |
| Source title | title | The title of the source page on the website; displays in quotes | String | required |
| Last name | lastlast1authorauthor1 | The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'. | Line | optional |
| First name | firstfirst1 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-linkauthor-link1author1-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors | Page name | optional |
| Last name | last2author2 | The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first2 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link2author2-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. | Page name | optional |
| Source date | date | Full date of the source; do not wikilink | String | required |
| Work | work | Name of the source periodical; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'newspaper', 'journal', 'magazine', 'periodical' | String | optional |
| Publisher | publisher | Name of the publisher; displays after title | String | optional |
| Newspaper | newspaper | Name of the newspaper; displays after title | String | optional |
| URL access date | access-date | The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink | String | optional |
| Others | others | Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith' | String | optional |
| Year of publication | year | Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known | String | optional |
| Original date | orig-date | Original date of publication; provide specifics | String | optional |
| Editor last name | editor-last | The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor', and 'editors' | Line | optional |
| Editor first name | editor-first | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' | Line | optional |
| Editor link | editor-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link' | Page name | optional |
| Issue | issue | Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically | String | optional |
| Department | department | Department within the periodical | String | optional |
| Location of publication | placelocation | Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place | String | optional |
| Place of publication | publication-place | Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' | String | optional |
| Publication date | publication-date | Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink | String | optional |
| Edition | edition | When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' | String | optional |
| Volume | volume | For one publication published in several volumes | String | optional |
| Page | page | Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' | String | optional |
| Pages | pages | Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.' | String | optional |
| No pp | no-pp | Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') | String | optional |
| At | at | May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient | String | optional |
| Language | language | The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates | String | optional |
| Translated title | trans-title | An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended | String | optional |
| Type | type | Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case | String | optional |
| Format | format | Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML | String | optional |
| arXiv identifier | arxiv | An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers | String | optional |
| ASIN | asin | Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters | String | optional |
| ASIN TLD | asin-tld | ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US | String | optional |
| Bibcode | bibcode | Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters | String | optional |
| DOI | doi | Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' | String | optional |
| DOI broken date | doi-broken-date | The date that the DOI was determined to be broken | String | optional |
| ISBN | isbn | International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible | String | optional |
| ISSN | issn | International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen | String | optional |
| jfm code | jfm | Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code | String | optional |
| JSTOR | jstor | JSTOR identifier | String | optional |
| LCCN | lccn | Library of Congress Control Number | String | optional |
| MR | mr | Mathematical Reviews identifier | String | optional |
| OCLC | oclc | Online Computer Library Center number | String | optional |
| OL | ol | Open Library identifier | String | optional |
| OSTI | osti | Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier | String | optional |
| PMC | pmc | PubMed Center article number | String | optional |
| PMID | pmid | PubMed Unique Identifier | String | optional |
| RFC | rfc | Request for Comments number | String | optional |
| SSRN | ssrn | Social Science Research Network | String | optional |
| Zbl | zbl | Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier | String | optional |
| id | id | A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable | String | optional |
| Archive URL | archive-url | The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate' | String | optional |
| Archive date | archive-date | Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink | String | optional |
| URL status | url-status | If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all.
| String | optional |
| Quote | quote | Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation | String | optional |
| Ref | ref | An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv template | String | optional |
| Postscript | postscript | The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined
| String | optional |
| Last name | last3author3 | The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first3 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link3author3-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. | Page name | optional |
| Last name | last4author4 | The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first4 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link4author4-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author. | Page name | optional |
| Last name | last5author5 | The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first5 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link5author5-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | optional |
| Last name | last6author6 | The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first6 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link6author6-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. | Page name | optional |
| Last name | last7author7 | The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first7 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link7author7-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. | Page name | optional |
| Last name | last8author8 | The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first8 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link8author8-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. | Page name | optional |
| Last name | last9author9 | The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. | Line | optional |
| First name | first9 | Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. | Line | optional |
| Author link | author-link9author9-link | Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. | Page name | optional |
| Author mask | author-mask | Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead | String | optional |
| Display authors | display-authors | number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; default is to do so after 8 of 9 are listed
| Number | optional |
| Name list style | name-list-style | Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style. | String | optional |
This template producesCOinS metadata; seeCOinS in Wikipedia for background information.