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Template:Citation

Permanently protected template
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Template documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]
For the [citation needed] template, see{{citation needed}}.
This template can only be edited byadministrators because it istranscluded onto one or morecascade-protected pages.
WarningThis template is used on407,000+ pages.
To avoid major disruption and server load, any changes should be tested in the template's/sandbox or/testcases subpages, or in your ownuser subpage. The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. Consider discussing changes on thetalk page before implementing them.
This template usesLua:

TheCitation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used. As with other citation templates, this template can be used either in a footnote (between<ref>...</ref> tags) or in a section that lists sources. This template uses the sameLua code ascitation style 1 (CS1) templates with parameters to change the displayed format tocitation style 2 (CS2).

If the correct parameters are used, this template produces output identical to that of the Cite templates, such as{{Cite book}} and{{Cite web}}, with one important exception: By default, this Citation template uses commas in places where the Cite templates use periods (full stops) by default; either type of template can use periods (full stops) or commas by using an optional parameter.

Regardless of which citation templates are used or even if none are used at all, all citations should have the same format throughout an article in the saved, rendered text.

Notes:

  • All parameter names must belowercase.
  • Invisible unicode space characters (seelist) will return an error message. Non-intentional invisible characters should be removed; intentional ones should be replaced with their corresponding HTML entity (e.g.&ZeroWidthSpace;).

Simple citations

This section covers the most commonly used parameters. You can copy the horizontal form or vertical form below and then add in extra parameters from the full list. Spacing and ordering of the parameters within the template is irrelevant and does not affect the final, rendered text.

{{Citation |last= |first= |year= |title= |publisher= |publication-place= |page= |url= |access-date=}}

{{Citation| last        =| first       =| year        =| title       =| publisher   =| publication-place =| page        =| url         =| access-date =}}
  • last: The author's surname or last name. Don't use with theauthor parameter.
  • first: The author's first or given name(s).
  • year: Year of authorship or publication. Mandatory for use with links fromTemplate:Harvard citation, unless|date= specifies both month and year.
  • title: Title of the work. Mandatory for web references.
  • publisher: The name of the publisher. Omit terms such asPublishers,Co.,Inc.,Ltd., etc., but retain the wordsBooks orPress. Not normally included where the publication is a periodical which has its own Wikipedia article (e.g.Newsweek,Billboard).
    • publication-place (orplace orlocation): The city of publication. If more than one town/city is listed on the title page, give the first one or the location of the publisher's head office. Omit when the publication is a periodical whose name specifies the location (e.g.The New York Times,The Times of India)
  • page: For use when one page is cited. Adds "p." before the page number. Do not use withpages.
  • url: Aurl of an online location where the item can be found. If the url includes double quotes, these must be encoded as "%22".
    • access-date: Date[n 1] when the url was accessed.

Example

{{Citation
|last =Turner
|first =Orsamus
|title =History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve
|publisher =William Alling
|place =Rochester, New York
|year =1851
|ol =7120924W
}}
Turner, Orsamus (1851),History of the pioneer settlement of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and Morris' reserve, Rochester, New York: William Alling,OL 7120924W

Full citation parameters

These can be used for all types of publication. All are optional and indentation is used simply to group related items — these may be mutually exclusive where indicated. Some hyphenated names can also be placed without hyphens.

{{Citation| last1                = | first1               = | author-link1         = | last2                = | first2               = | author-link2         = | display-authors      = | author-mask1         = | author-mask2         = | collaboration        = | date                 = | year                 = | orig-date            = | location             = | editor-last1         = | editor-first1        = | editor-link1         = | editor-last2         = | editor-first2        = | editor-link2         = | display-editors      = | editor-mask1         = | editor-mask2         = | title                = | script-title         = | trans-title          = | title-link           = | url                  = | url-access           = | format               = | department           = | website              = | script-website       = | trans-website        = | type                 = | series               = | language             = | interviewer-last1    = | interviewer-first1   = | interviewer-link1    = | interviewer-last2    = | interviewer-first2   = | interviewer-link2    = | display-interviewers = | interviewer-mask1    = | interviewer-mask2    = | translator-last1     = | translator-first1    = | translator-link1     = | translator-last2     = | translator-first2    = | translator-link2     = | display-translators  = | translator-mask1     = | translator-mask2     = | others               = | name-list-style      = | edition              = | publication-place    = | publisher            = | publication-date     = | minutes              = | time-caption         = | time                 = | page                 = | pages                = | at                   = | no-pp                = | arxiv                = | asin                 = | asin-tld             = | bibcode              = | bibcode-access       = | biorxiv              = | citeseerx            = | doi                  = | doi-access           = | doi-broken-date      = | eissn                = | hdl                  = | hdl-access           = | isbn                 = | ismn                 = | issn                 = | jfm                  = | jstor                = | jstor-access         = | lccn                 = | medrxiv              = | mr                   = | oclc                 = | ol                   = | ol-access            = | osti                 = | osti-access          = | pmc                  = | pmc-embargo-date     = | pmid                 = | rfc                  = | sbn                  = | ssrn                 = | s2cid                = | s2cid-access         = | zbl                  = | id                   = | url-status           = | archive-url          = | archive-format       = | archive-date         = | access-date          = | via                  = | quote-page           = | quote-pages          = | quote                = | script-quote         = | trans-quote          = | mode                 = | ref                  = | postscript           = }}

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR:parent2—may be used instead ofparent
    • child—may be used withparent (and is ignored ifparent is not used)
    • OR:child2—may be used instead ofchild (and is ignored ifparent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

By default, sets of fields are terminated with a comma (,).

COinS

This template embedsCOinS metadata in the HTML output, allowingreference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata.SeeWikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • use|date=27 September 2007 not|date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example&nbsp;,&ndash;, or&#160;, should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in theUsage section near the top of this documentation page.

  • |periodical=,|journal=,|newspaper=,|magazine=,|work=,|website=,|encyclopedia=,|encyclopaedia=,|dictionary=
  • |chapter=,|script-chapter=,|contribution=,|script-contribution=,|entry=,|script-entry=,|article=,|script-article=,|section=,|script-section=
  • |title=,|script-title=,|book-title=
  • |publication-place=,|place=,|location=
  • |date=,|year=,|publication-date=
  • |series=,|version=
  • |volume=,|issue=,|number=
  • |page=,|pages=,|at=,|quote-page=,|quote-pages=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=,|institution=
  • |url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|section-url=
  • |author-last=,|author-last#=,|author#-last=,|author-surname=,|author-surname#=,|author#-surname=,|last=,|last#=,|surname=,|surname#=,|author=,|author#=,|subject=,|subject#=,|host=,|host#=
  • |author-first=,|author-first#=,|author#-first=,|author-given=,|author-given#=,|author#-given=,|first=,|first#=,|given=,|given#=
  • |degree=
  • |arxiv=,|bibcode=,|biorxiv=,|citeseerx=,|doi=,|eissn=,|eprint=,|hdl=,|isbn=,|issn=,|jfm=,|jstor=,|lccn=,|message-id=,|mr=,|oclc=,|osti=,|pmc=,|pmid=,|rfc=,|ssrn=,|s2cid=,|zbl=

What's new

What's new or changed recently
ParameterDescriptionDate
N/A

Deprecated

Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
Deprecated parameterReplace withDate
none deprecated at present
Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
Removed parameterReplace withDateNote
|authors=|lastn= /|firstn=,|authorn=,|vauthors=August 2024

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, uselast or one of its aliases (e.g.|author=Bono). Aliases:surname,author,last1,surname1,author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the name of an organizational author (e.g. a committee) or the complete name (first and last) of a single person; for the latter, prefer the use of|first= and|last=. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Supportsaccept-this-as-written markup. Do not use italics in this field, as doing so produces corrupt metadata.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orFirstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—useauthor-link instead. Aliases:given,first1,given1. Requireslast; first name will not display iflast is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance withMOS:JRSR and use honorifics (includingDr.,Sir, and similar) only in accordance withMOS:HON.
    • OR: for multiple authors, uselast1,first1 throughlastn,firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (eachfirstn requires a correspondinglastn, but not the other way around).See thedisplay parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases:surname1,given1 throughsurnamen,givenn, orauthor1 throughauthorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use|first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:author-link1,author1-link,authorlink.
    • OR: for multiple authors, useauthor-link1 throughauthor-linkn. Aliases:author1-link throughauthorn-link.
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set toamp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names indoubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • author-link andauthor-mask may be used for the individual names in|vauthors= as described above
  • authors: deprecatedFree-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias oflast.
  • contributor-last: (book cites only) surname of the author ofcontribution (which is required). Aliases:contributor-surname,contributor1,contributor1-last,contributor-last1. Supportsaccept-this-as-written markup.
    • contributor-first: Given or first names of contributor. Do not wikilink—usecontributor-link instead. Aliases:contributor-given,contributor1-first,contributor-first1.
    • OR: for multiple contributors, usecontributor-last1,contributor-first1 throughcontributor-lastn,contributor-firstn wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of contributors (eachcontributor-firstn requires a correspondingcontributor-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases:contributor1-last,contributor1-first throughcontributorn-last,contributorn-first, orcontributor1 throughcontributorn.
    • contributor-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the contributor—not the contributor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:contributor-link1,contributor1-link.
    • OR: for multiple contributors, usecontributor-link1 throughcontributor-linkn. Aliases:contributor1-link throughcontributorn-link.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-surname,translator1,translator1-last,translator-last1. Supportsaccept-this-as-written markup.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—usetranslator-link instead. Aliases:translator-given,translator1-first,translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-last1,translator-first1 throughtranslator-lastn,translator-firstn, wheren is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (eachtranslator-firstn requires a correspondingtranslator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases:translator1-last,translator1-first throughtranslatorn-last,translatorn-first, ortranslator1 throughtranslatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:translator-link1,translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, usetranslator-link1 throughtranslator-linkn. Aliases:translator1-link throughtranslatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requiresauthor,last, orvauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, writeIllustrated by John Smith.
  • Note: When usingshortened footnotes orparenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Editors

  • editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply useeditor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases:editor-last1,editor1-last,editor-surname,editor-surname1,editor1-surname,editor,editor1.
    • editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. Supportsaccept-this-as-written markup.
    • editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example:Firstname Middlename orFirstname M. orDr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—useeditor-link instead. Aliases:editor-first1,editor1-first,editor-given,editor-given1,editor1-given.
    • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-last1,editor-first1 througheditor-lastn,editor-firstn (Aliases:editorn-last,editor-surnamen oreditorn-surname;editorn-first,editor-givenn oreditorn-given;editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use|editor-first1=...|editor-last1=...|editor2=....
    • editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases:editor-link1.
    • OR: for multiple editors, useeditor-link1 througheditor-linkn (aliaseditorn-link).
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set toamp,ampersand, or&, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set toand, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set tovancdisplays name lists inVancouver style when the lists use thelast/first forms of name parameters.
  • veditors: comma separated list of editor names inVancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names indoubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • editor-linkn andeditor-maskn may be used for the individual names in|veditors=, as described above
  • Display:
    Usedisplay-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included.
    If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work.
    If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds."

Title

(See alsoHelp:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article orurl may be used to add an external link, but not both. Ifwork (or its alias) is defined, thentitle is displayed in quotes; otherwise,title displays in italics. Ifscript-title is defined, usetitle to hold aRomanization (if available) of the title inscript-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined intitle (if present). Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets aftertitle. Use of thelanguage parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline[]|
space&#91;&#93;{{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}}&#124; or{{pipe}} –see alsoHelp:Table § Rendering the pipe
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named intitle – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
  • chapter: The chapter heading of the source. May be wikilinked or may usechapter-url, but not both. Displays in quotes. Ifscript-chapter is defined, usechapter to hold aRomanization (if available) of the title inscript-chapter
    • script-chapter: Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc); followsRomanization defined inchapter (if present). Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |chapter=Tōkyō tawā |script-chapter=ja:東京タワー |trans-chapter=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-chapter: English translation of the chapter heading, if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after thechapter field; ifchapter-url is defined, thentrans-chapter is included in the link. Use of thelanguage parameter is recommended.
  • contribution: A separately-authored part ofauthor's book. May be wikilinked or may usecontribution-url, but not both. Values ofAfterword,Foreword,Introduction, orPreface will display unquoted; any other value will display in quotation marks. The author of the contribution is given incontributor.
  • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keywordnone can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples:Thesis,Booklet,Accepted manuscript,CD liner,Press release. Alias:medium.
  • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either theISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples:|language=ru;|lang=fr, pt-br;|lang=Russian;|language=French, Portuguese.See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory ofCategory:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form, e.g.espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases:lang

Date

"Wikipedia:Undated" redirects here. For undated signatures, seeTemplate:Undated.
  • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher.For acceptable date formats, seeHelp:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
Shortened footnotes target full citations using the year specified in this parameter. A lowercase letter may be suffixed to the year to disambiguate{{sfn}} links to multiple works by the same author in the same year,[more] unless the date is formatted as YYYY-MM-DD. In the latter case,year orref is required to disambiguate the link targets.
For approximate year, precede with "c.", like this:|date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use|date=n.d.
The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for acreated orupdated date; a comment for editors such asdate=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
Automatic date formatting:Citation Style 1 and2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as|date=,|publication-date=,|access-date=,|archive-date=, etc.) except for|orig-date= in the style specified by the article's{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  • year: Year of publication. The more flexible|date= parameter also handles a year by itself. Do not use in combination with the|date= parameter, unlessboth of the following conditions are met:
    1. Shortened footnotes target multiple citations with same last name and year of publication. (This situation necessitates aCITEREFdisambiguator, usually a lowercase letter suffixed to the year.)
    2. The|date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. (This format prevents the addition of a disambiguating letter to the year.)
  • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after thedate (oryear). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example:|orig-date=First published 1859 or|orig-date=Composed 1904. As|orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by|df= (or, if it exists in the article, by|cs1-dates= of a{{use dmy dates}} or{{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the|date= parameter. Alias:orig-year
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
  1. ^Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates.SeeMOS:DATEUNIFY.

Work

  • work (required by{{cite journal}} and{{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays initalics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. Ifscript-work is defined, usework to hold aRomanization (if available) of the title inscript-work. Aliases:journal,newspaper,magazine,periodical,website. UseLatin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standardRomanization in this field.
    • script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined inwork (if present). Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases:script-journal,script-newspaper,script-magazine,script-periodical,script-website.
    • trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets afterwork orscript-work. Aliases:trans-journal,trans-newspaper,trans-magazine,trans-periodical,trans-website.
      ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ...
    • issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias:number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g.|issue=2, ''Modern Canadian Literature''. Please choose either|issue= or|number= depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issueand number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example|issue=2 #143. Displayed in parentheses followingvolume.
When set,work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation:
title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes.
chapter does not display (and will produce an error message).

Publisher

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked[1] if relevant. Thepublisher is thecompany,organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. For self-published works (i.e., where the publisher is the same as the author or creator) state|publisher=self-published.[2] Donot use thepublisher parameter for the name of awork (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. This parameter is most commonly used for books, and rarely for websites or periodicals (although it may be used instead ofwork in some cases). Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishesThe New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays aftertitle.
  • place: For news stories with adateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias:location
  • publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example,The Boston Globe,The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one ofpublication-place,place, orlocation is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; ifpublication-place andplace orlocation are defined, thenplace orlocation is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" andpublication-place is shown after the title.
  • publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Ifdate (oryear) is also defined and is different, thenpublication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, followingpublisher. Ifdate (oryear) is not defined,publication-date is displayed asdate. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink.
  • via: Name of the content deliverer (ifdifferent frompublisher).via is not a replacement forpublisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the article is attributed to a different publication (e.g. inYahoo News) but cannot be traced, when the content deliverer (e.g.NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (e.g.EBSCOhost), or if the deliverer requests attribution.See theaccess level parameters to display access restrictions, and theagency parameters if the original source is a news agency or wire service.

Edition, series, volume

  • edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so|edition=2nd produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined.
  • series orversion: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted.
  • volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after thetitle andseries fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10.

In-source locations

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Displays preceded byp. unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert|page=3-12 to|pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias:p.
  • OR:pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either|page= or|pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded bypp. unless|no-pp=yes.
    Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|pages= without processing it, and use{{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use|at=, like this:|at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias:pp.
    • no-pp: Set toyes,y, ortrue to suppress thep. orpp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where|page=Front cover or|pages=passim.
  • OR:at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by|page= or|pages=. Use only one of|page=,|pages=, or|at=.
    Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
  • For|quote-page= and|quote-pages= used in conjunction with|quote=, seehere.

URL

  • url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named bytitle can be found. Cannot be used iftitle is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g.#ixzz2rBr3aO94 or?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=....For linking to pages in PDF files or in Google Books, seeWP:PAGELINKS. Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such asAmazon; use|isbn= or|oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message.
    • access-date: Full date when the content pointed to byurl was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requiresurl; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations.[date 1]Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example,access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; seeWP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note thataccess-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Can behidden or styled by registered editors. Alias:accessdate.
    • archive-url: The URL of anarchived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such asInternet Archive(seeHelp:Using the Wayback Machine) andarchive.today(seeHelp:Using archive.today); requiresarchive-date andurl. By default (overridden by|url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias:archiveurl.
      • archive-date: Archive service snapshot date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates.[date 1] Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See"Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with{{use dmy dates}} and{{use mdy dates}}. Alias:archivedate.
      • url-status: A control parameter to select one of|url= or|archive-url= to link|title=; requiresurlandarchive-url. Use{{dead link}} to mark dead|url= when there is no|archive-url=.
        Accepts multiple keywords:
        • dead – (default condition when|url-status= omitted or empty) selects|archive-url=
        • live – selects|url=; used when|url= is preemptively archived with|archive-url=
        • deviated – selects|archive-url=; used when|url= is still live but no longer supports the text in a Wikipedia article
        • unfit – selects|archive-url=; used when|url= links to vice (gambling, pornography), advertising, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, or other unsuitablepage; links to|url= are suppressed in the rendering. If an entire domain is unsuitable, consider insteadusurpation orblacklist. Bot help is available atWP:URLREQ
        • usurped – selects|archive-url=; used when thedomain in|url= no longer serves its original intent, particularly when the domain has been (mis)appropriated by other entities such as vice, reseller, malware, phishing, compromised, other malicious, and advertising sites; links to|url= are suppressed in the rendering. Bot help is available atWP:URLREQ
        • bot: unknown – Editors may encounter this value which is left behind by a bot that has visited the reference and wasn't able to determine the status of the url. The page will be automatically placed inCategory:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown when this value is present, and per the instructions in that category, editors manually evaluate the state of the URL and change the parameter value appropriately.
      • archive-format: File format of the work referred to byarchive-url; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change theexternal link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)SeeUsing |format=
    • url-access:SeeAccess indicators for url-holding parameters
  • format: File format of the work referred to byurl; for example: DOC or XLS; displayed in parentheses aftertitle. (For media format, usetype.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. PDF is auto-detected and should not be specified. Does not change theexternal link icon (except for PDF). Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. (This is not a concern with PDF, because the auto-detection will add "(PDF)" as descriptive text.)SeeUsing |format=

URLs must begin with a supportedURI scheme.http:// andhttps:// will be supported by all browsers; however,ftp://,gopher://,irc://,ircs://,mailto: andnews: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided.IPv6 host-names are currently not supported.

If URLs incitation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to bepercent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by%20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with:

Characterspace"'<>[]{|}
Encoding%20%22%27%3C%3E%5B%5D%7B%7C%7D

Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion.

  1. ^abAccess-date and archive-date in references should all have the same format – either the format used for publication dates, or YYYY-MM-DD.SeeMOS:DATEUNIFY.

Chapter URL

  • chapter-url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named bychapter orcontribution can be found. Cannot be used if those parameters are wikilinked. Should be at the same site asurl, if any. Ifchapter-url is used,url should only be used if the beginning of the work and the cited chapter are on separate webpages at the site. Aliases:contribution-url,section-url.
  • chapter-format: Format of the work referred to bychapter-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses afterchapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified. Does not change theexternal link icon. Note: External link icons do not includealt text; thus, they do not add format information for the visually impaired.

Anchor

Not to be confused with§ Identifiers.
Further information:§ Anchored citations
  • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set,|ref=ID generates an anchor with the givenID (theid= attribute in the citation's<cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting|ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allowswikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations likeshortened notes andparenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with{{sfn}} and{{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair|ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting shouldnot be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set|ref=none. Aliases: none.

Identifiers

Not to be confused with§ Anchor.

  • id: Aunique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use anexternal link template as applicable. For example,|id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as|id={{NCJ|122967}} to appendNCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g.|rfc=822 or|pmc=345678.

  • arxiv:arXividentifier; for example:|arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or|arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or|arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases:eprint.
  • asin:Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character ofasin value is a digit, useisbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example|asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases:ASIN.
    • asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values:ae,au,br,ca,cn,de,es,fr,in,it,jp,mx,nl,pl,sa,se,sg,tr,uk. Aliases: none.
  • bibcode:bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example:1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none.
  • biorxiv:bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g.10.1101/078733 forhttp://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 orhttps://doi.org/10.1101/078733;10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 forhttps://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none.
  • citeseerx:CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g.10.1.1.176.341 forhttps://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none.
  • doi:Digital object identifier; for example:10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases:DOI.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid DOIs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
    • doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive athttps://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none.
  • eissn:International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|eissn=1557-2986. Aliases:EISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid eISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • hdl:Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example|hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases:HDL.
  • isbn:International Standard Book Number; for example:978-0-8126-9593-9.(SeeWikipedia:ISBN andISBN § Overview.) Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, usesbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISBN.
    • Use the{{Format ISBN}} template within the parameter – in the form|isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}} – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid ISBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • ismn:International Standard Music Number; for example:979-0-9016791-7-7.Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN withoutany additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases:ISMN.
  • issn:International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using ahyphen, but not anen dash or a space; example|issn=2049-3630. Aliases:ISSN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid ISSNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • jfm:Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example|jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases:JFM.
  • jstor:JSTOR reference number; for example:|jstor=3793107. Aliases:JSTOR.
  • lccn:Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example|lccn=79-57364 or|lccn=2004042477 or|lccn=e09001178. Aliases:LCCN.
  • mr:Mathematical Reviews; example|mr=630583. Aliases:MR.
  • oclc:OCLC Number for looking up publications in theWorldCatunion catalog; example|oclc=9355469. Aliases:OCLC.
  • ol:Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example|ol=7030731M. Aliases:OL.
  • osti:Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example|osti=4367507. Aliases:OSTI.
  • pmc:PubMed Central; use article number foropen repository full-text of a journal article, e.g.|pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value.See also thepmid parameter, below; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMC.
    • pmc-embargo-date: Date thatpmc goes live; if this date is in the future, thenpmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none.
  • pmid:PubMed; use unique identifier; example|pmid=17322060See also thepmc parameter, above; these are two different identifiers. Aliases:PMID.
  • rfc:Request for Comments; example|rfc=3143. Aliases:RFC.
  • sbn:Standard Book Number; example|sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases:SBN.
    • Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicatevalid SBNs using a non-standard format, seebelow.
  • ssrn:Social Science Research Network; example|ssrn=1900856. Aliases:SSRN.
  • s2cid:Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example|s2cid=37220927. Aliases:S2CID.
  • zbl:Zentralblatt MATH; example|zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results likeJFM 35.0387.02 use|jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases:ZBL.

In very rare cases, identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums. These would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=,|eissn=,|isbn=,|issn=, and|sbn=) support a specialaccept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as|<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify theaccess status using the corresponding|<param>-access= parameter.

For{{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when|url= and|title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for|title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or|title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none).

It is not necessary to specify a URL to a linkidentical to a link also produced by an identifier. The|url= parameter (or|title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or aconvenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. Ifscript-quote is defined, usequote to hold aRomanization (if available) of the text inscript-quote. When quoting a copyrighted text, onlybrief quotations to attribute a point of view or idea are permitted; extensive quotations are prohibited.
    • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined inquote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of thesupported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
  • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in|quote=. Use either|quote-page= or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in|page=,|pages= or|at=. Displays preceded byp. unless|no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use{{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g.|quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
  • OR:quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in|quote=. Use either|quote-page= or|quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in|pages= or|at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded bypp. unless|no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, usedouble parentheses to tell the template to display the value of|quote-pages= without processing it, and use{{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended:|quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Display options

  • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For|mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For|mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation usepostscript.
  • author-mask:
  • contributor-mask:
  • editor-mask:
  • interviewer-mask:
  • subject-mask:
  • translator-mask:
    Replaces the name of the (first) author withem dashes or text. Set<name>-mask to a numeric valuen to set the dashn em spaces wide; set<name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with<name>-link—in this case, the value of<name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such asshortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by{{reflist}},<references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g.|authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specificname.
  • display-authors:
  • display-contributors:
  • display-editors:
  • display-interviewers:
  • display-subjects:
  • display-translators:
    Controls the number of author (or other kind of contributor) names that are displayed. By default, all authors are displayed. To change the displayed number of names, set the parameter to the desired number. For example,|display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of the other kinds of contributors).|display-authors=0 is a special case suppressing the display of all authors including the et al.|display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to none. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message.|postscript= is ignored ifquote is defined.

Subscription or registration required

Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented inVerifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant toverifying claims in articles.

Four access levels can be used:

  • access indicator for named identifiers:
    • Freely accessiblefree: the source is free to read for anyone
  • access indicators for url-holding parameters:
    • Free registration requiredregistration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration
    • Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally requiredlimited: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required
    • Paid subscription requiredsubscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall")

As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link.

Access indicators for url-holding parameters
See also:WP:CONLINK

Online sources linked by|url=,|article-url=,|chapter-url=,|contribution-url=,|entry-url=,|map-url=, and|section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these URL-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they are not marked asfree. If the registration/limited/subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available, then remove the access-indicator parameter and add|archive-url= and|archive-date= values if possible.

URL-holding and access-indicator parameters
URLAccessAllowed keywords
|url=|url-access=registrationFree registration required
limitedFree access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required
subscriptionPaid subscription required
|article-url=|article-url-access=
|chapter-url=|chapter-url-access=
|contribution-url=|contribution-url-access=
|entry-url=|entry-url-access=
|map-url=|map-url-access=
|section-url=|section-url-access=

For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription:

{{cite web|url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php|url-access=registration|date=2021-04-15|title=Nifty example data}}

which renders as:

"Nifty example data". 2021-04-15.
Access indicator for named identifiers

Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked aslimited,registration, orsubscription.

Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters
IdentifierAccessAllowed keywords
|bibcode=|bibcode-access=freeFreely accessible
|doi=|doi-access=
|hdl=|hdl-access=
|jstor=|jstor-access=
|ol=|ol-access=
|osti=|osti-access=
|ssrn=|ssrn-access=
|s2cid=|s2cid-access=

Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are:

  • |arxiv=
  • |biorxiv=
  • |citeseerx=
  • |medrxiv=
  • |pmc=
  • |rfc=

For embargoedpmc that will become available in the future, seepmc-embargo-date.

Tracking of free DOIs
  • The template is able to recognize known free-to-readDOI registrants, based on a list inModule:Citation/CS1/Configuration. Once a free registrant is identified, the10.xxxx/... part of the DOI associated with the registrant can be added to the list underlocal function build_free_doi_registrants_table(). If|doi-access=free is not set, it will place the page inCategory:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI, which is routinely cleared byUser:Citation bot.
  • The template is also able to recognize known free-to-read journals, assuming they have a clear10.xxxx/yyyy.... DOI pattern. Once that pattern is identified, it can be added toModule:Citation/CS1/Configuration underlocal extended_registrants_t = { with the format['XXXX'] = {'YYYY'},. If there are multiple journals with the same DOI prefix, they can be grouped together with the format['XXXX'] = {'YYYY', 'ZZZZ', '...'},.
  • If you add a free registrant/free journal to the lists inModule:Citation/CS1/Configuration, leave a note atUser talk:Citation bot so the bot knows about it.

Examples

Books

Three authors, a volume, and an edition. Ampersand (&) forced before final author's name.
{{Citation| last1  = Lincoln| first1 = A.| last2  = Washington| first2 = G.| last3  = Adams| first3 = J.| name-list-style = amp| title     = All the Presidents' Names| publisher = The Pentagon| place     = Home Base, New York| volume  = XII| edition = 2nd| year    = 2007}}
Lincoln, A.; Washington, G. & Adams, J. (2007),All the Presidents' Names, vol. XII (2nd ed.), Home Base, New York: The Pentagon

Web

Web page
{{Citation| url= http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/| title= NPS Focus| work= National Register of Historic Places| publisher=[[National Park Service]]| access-date= November 30, 2010| ref= none}}
"NPS Focus",National Register of Historic Places,National Park Service, retrievedNovember 30, 2010
Archived page
{{Citation| url= http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html| title= Earth's Atmosphere| access-date= October 25, 2007| publisher=[[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration]]| year= 1995| author= NASA| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071013232332/http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/academy/space/atmosphere.html| archive-date= October 13, 2007}}
NASA (1995),Earth's Atmosphere,National Aeronautics and Space Administration, archived fromthe original on October 13, 2007, retrievedOctober 25, 2007

Journals, newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals

Journal article
{{Citation| last  = Hill| first = Marvin S.| title = Joseph Smith and the 1826Trial: New Evidence and NewDifficulties| journal = BYU Studies| volume  = 12| issue   = 2| year    = 1976| pages   = 1–8| url     = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/12.2Hill.pdf}}
Hill, Marvin S. (1976),"Joseph Smith and the 1826 Trial: New Evidence and New Difficulties"(PDF),BYU Studies,12 (2):1–8
Journal article with multiple authors and identifier
{{Citation| last1  = Mandelkern| first1 = M| last2  = Elias| first2 = J| last3  = Eden| first3 = D| last4  = Crothers| first4 = D| display-authors = 2| title   = The dimensions of DNA in solution| journal = J Mol Biol| volume  = 152| issue = 1| pages = 153–161| year  = 1981| pmid  = 7338906| doi   = 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1}}
Mandelkern, M; Elias, J; et al. (1981), "The dimensions of DNA in solution",J Mol Biol,152 (1):153–161,doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1,PMID 7338906
Newspaper article
{{Citation| last  = Smith| first = Joseph III| author-link = Joseph Smith III| title = Last Testimony of Sister Emma| newspaper = The Saints' Herald| location = Plano, IL| volume = 26| issue  = 19| date   = October 1, 1879| page   = 289| url    = http://www.sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/sain1872.htm#100179}}
Smith, Joseph III (October 1, 1879),"Last Testimony of Sister Emma",The Saints' Herald, vol. 26, no. 19, Plano, IL, p. 289

Conference papers and public lectures

Conference paper
{{Citation| last   = Sullivan| first  = D.B.| contribution = Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years| year   = 2001| title  = 2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp.| publisher = National Institute of Standards and Technology| contribution-url = http://tf.nist.gov/timefreq/general/pdf/1485.pdf}}
Sullivan, D.B. (2001),"Time and frequency measurement at NIST: The first 100 years"(PDF),2001 IEEE Int'l Frequency Control Symp., National Institute of Standards and Technology
Lecture
{{Citation| last   = Habicht| first  = Christian| contribution = Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers| year   = 1988| title  = David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World| publisher = Princeton University| page=14 }}
Habicht, Christian (1988), "Hellenistic Athens and her Philosophers",David Magie Lecture, Princeton University Program in the History, Archaeology, and Religions of the Ancient World, Princeton University, p. 14

Parts of books, including encyclopedia articles

Manuscript published in an edited compilation
{{Citation| last  = Bidamon| first = Emma Smith| author-link = Emma Hale Smith| chapter = Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim| date = March 27, 1876| editor-last  = Vogel| editor-first = Dan| title  = Early Mormon Documents| volume = 1| publisher = Signature Books| publication-date = 1996| isbn = 1-56085-072-8}}
Bidamon, Emma Smith (March 27, 1876), "Letter to Emma S. Pilgrim", in Vogel, Dan (ed.),Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books (published 1996),ISBN 1-56085-072-8{{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Work with an editor but no author
{{Citation| editor-last  = Vogel| editor-first = Dan| title  = Early Mormon Documents| volume = 1| publisher = Signature Books| date = 1996| isbn = 1-56085-072-8}}
Vogel, Dan, ed. (1996),Early Mormon Documents, vol. 1, Signature Books,ISBN 1-56085-072-8
Encyclopedia article by a named author
{{Citation| last  = Kramer| first = Martin| author-link  = Martin Kramer| year=1999| title = Bernard Lewis| editor-last  = Boyd| editor-first = Kelley| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing| volume = 1| pages  = 719–720| location = London| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm}}
Kramer, Martin (1999),"Bernard Lewis", in Boyd, Kelley (ed.),Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720
Encyclopedia article with no named author
{{Citation| title = Bernard Lewis| editor-last = Boyd| editor-first = Kelley| year = 1999| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Historiansand Historical Writing| volume = 1| pages = 719–720| publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn| location = London| url = http://www.geocities.com/martinkramerorg/BernardLewis.htm}}
Boyd, Kelley, ed. (1999),"Bernard Lewis",Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, vol. 1, London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 719–720

Republications, or edited quotations in a periodical article

Manuscript edited and published in a journal
{{Citation| last = Knight| first = Joseph Sr.| year = 1833| editor-last = Jessee| editor-first = Dean| title = Joseph Knight's Recollectionof Early Mormon History| journal = BYU Studies| volume = 17| issue = 1| publication-date = 1976| page = 35| url = https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/17.1Jessee.pdf}}
Knight, Joseph Sr. (1833), Jessee, Dean (ed.),"Joseph Knight's Recollection of Early Mormon History"(PDF),BYU Studies,17 (1) (published 1976): 35
Manuscript written at one date and place, then published in a periodical at a different date and place with commentary by the editor.
{{Citation| last = Klingensmith| first = Philip| type = Affidavit| date = September 5, 1872| place = Lincoln County, Nevada| title = Mountain Meadows Massacre| editor-last = Toohy| editor-first = Dennis J.| journal = Corinne Daily Reporter| publication-date = September 24, 1872| publication-place = Corinne, Utah| volume = 5| issue = 252| page = 1| url = http://udn.lib.utah.edu/u?/corinne,5359}}
Klingensmith, Philip (September 5, 1872), written at Lincoln County, Nevada, Toohy, Dennis J. (ed.),"Mountain Meadows Massacre",Corinne Daily Reporter (Affidavit),5 (252), Corinne, Utah (published September 24, 1872): 1

Press release

Press release with quotation
{{Citation| url = https://www.apple.com/pr/library/2010/04/05ipad.html| title = Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day| publisher = Apple Inc| access-date = April 10, 2010| quote = in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3| ref = none}}
Apple Sells Over 300,000 iPads First Day, Apple Inc, retrievedApril 10, 2010,in the US as of midnight Saturday, April 3

Anchored citations

Not to be confused with§ Identifiers.

This template can generate a citation that can be combined withshortened footnotes orparenthetical referencing. It does this by creating anHTML anchor containing an ID. The special parameter|ref= generates an anchor ID suitable forHarvard referencing templates such as{{harv}} as specified in the next section; an anchor ID is generated by default.

To disable anchor generation, specify|ref=none. You can also specify the ID directly, using the|ref=ID parameter. For example, suppose an article'sReferences section contains the markup:

  • {{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=Civilization and Its Discontents |date=1930 |ref=CivDis}}

which generates the citation:

  • Sigmund Freud (1930),Civilization and Its Discontents

Then, the markup "([[#CivDis|Freud 1930]])" generates a parenthetical reference "(Freud 1930)" containing a wikilink to the citation (try clicking on the wikilink).

Anchors for Harvard referencing templates

IDs compatible with Harvard referencing templates such as{{harv}} are computed from the last names of the authors (or editors, if no authors are given) and the year of the cited source. For example, the markup "{{harv|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}" generates the Harvard reference "(Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix)", which wikilinks to the citation whose markup and appearance are shown below:

  • {{Citation |last1=Wright |first1=Thomas |last2=Evans |first2=R. H. |title=Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray |location=London |publisher=Henry G. Bohn |date=1851 |oclc=59510372}}
  • Wright, Thomas; Evans, R. H. (1851),Historical and Descriptive Account of the Caricatures of James Gillray, London: Henry G. Bohn,OCLC 59510372

In this example the{{citation}} template defines, and the{{harv}} template uses, the HTML ID "CITEREFWrightEvans1851", composed by concatenating the string "CITEREF" with the last names of the authors and the year. The{{harvid}} template can be used to generate such IDs, for example,{{harvid|Wright|Evans|1851}} generates "CITEREFWrightEvans1851".

Related methods which leave only a number in the text are to use the{{harvnb}} template enclosed in the <ref></ref> html code, or to use the{{sfn}} template alone. The example above would be<ref>{{harvnb|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}}</ref> or{{sfn|Wright|Evans|1851|p=ix}} both of which generate a footnote, such as

17.Wright & Evans 1851, p. ix

The names of only the first four authors are used; other author names are not concatenated to the ID. If no author names are given, editor names are used instead.

Last names are used, as specified by the parameters|last1= (or|last=),|last2=,|last3=, and|last4=, and similarly for|editor1-last= etc. and for|inventor1-last= etc. If a full name is given but no last name is specified, this template falls back on the full name, but this usage is not recommended. For example, in "{{Citation |author=Sigmund Freud |title=The Ego and the Id |date=1923}}" no last name is given, so this citation cannot be combined with the Harvard reference "{{harv|Freud|1923}}". To make these{{citation}} and{{harv}} invocations compatible, either replace "|author=Sigmund Freud" with "|first=Sigmund|last=Freud", or add "|ref={{harvid|Freud|1923}}" to the{{citation}} invocation, or add the same ref parameter (say, "|ref=EgoId") to both the{{citation}} and the{{harv}} invocations.

Similarly, the year is used, as specified by|year=. If no year is given, this template attempts to derive the year from|date= (or, if no date is given, from|publication-date=) by applying theMediaWiki § Time function. This heuristic works with most common date formats (American, International andISO 8601 standard format YYYY-MM-DD as listed inWP:MOS), but may not work as expected with other formats, so when in doubt it may be safer to use|year=.

IDs must be unique

Names, years, and hand-specified IDs must be chosen so that the IDs are unique within a page; otherwise the HTML will not conform to the W3C standards, and any references to the citations will not work reliably. For example, suppose a page contains the following two citations with{{harv}}-compatible IDs:

If these citations were altered to say "2008" rather than "2008a" and "2008b", the resulting page would not work, because the two different citations would both attempt to use the ID "CITEREFMontesHalterman2008". To avoid this problem, distinguish the citations by appending suffixes to the years, e.g. "|date=2008a" and "|date=2008b", as was done above. Any Harvard references to these citations should use years with the same suffixes.

It is good practice to verify that a page does not contain duplicate IDs by using theW3C Markup Validation Service; seeExternal links.

Dates

  1. ^The format of dates in the references of an article should use consistent and unambiguous styles. Example formats used in Wikipedia citations include:Dates should not be linked (say, to a Wikipedia article of the same name) in references.Please seeWikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers) § Dates for more guidance about formatting dates.

Tools

SeeWikipedia:Citing sources § Citation templates and tools for a list of tools that can help create a reference in the "citation" format.

TemplateData

This is theTemplateData for this template used byTemplateWizard,VisualEditor and other tools.See a monthly parameter usage report forTemplate:Citation in articles based on its TemplateData.

TemplateData for Citation

Template:Citation uses standard parameter set; TemplateData has errors:

  • |people= is not a valid parameter

The Citation template generates a citation for a book, periodical, contribution in a collective work, or a web page. It determines the citation type by examining which parameters are used.

Template parameters[Edit template data]

This template has custom formatting.

ParameterDescriptionTypeStatus
Last namelastlast1authorauthor1author1-lastauthor-lastsurname1author-last1subject1surnamehostsubject

The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead

Linesuggested
First namefirstgivenauthor-firstfirst1given1author-first1author1-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link' instead

Linesuggested
Title of sourcetitle

Title of source. Works display in italics and articles surrounded in quotation marks.

Stringrequired
Title linktitle-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.

Page nameoptional
Vancouver style author listvauthors

If using Vancouver style, comma separated list of author names; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses

Example
Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
Stringoptional
Collaborationcollaboration

Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors which list one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends 'et al.' to author name-list.

Stringoptional
Date of sourcedate

Full date of source being referenced; do not wikilink; use YYYY-MM-DD or other acceptable formats

Datesuggested
Workworkjournalwebsitenewspapermagazineperiodical

Name of the work in which the cited title is found

Stringsuggested
Interviewerinterviewer

Full name of interviewer(s); separate interviewers with a semicolon (;); wikilink as desired.

Stringoptional
Volumevolume

For one publication published in several volumes

Linesuggested
Issueissuenumber

Issue number

Stringsuggested
In-source location: Minutesminutes

Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; followed by "minutes in".

Numberoptional
In-source location: Timetime

Time the event occurs in an audio or visual source; preceded by default text "Event occurs at time".

Stringoptional
In-source location: Time captiontime-caption

Changes the default text displayed before time

Stringoptional
Pagepage

Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'

Lineoptional
Pagespages

Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'

Linesuggested
Publication datepublication-date

Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if year or date are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis.

Stringoptional
Date formatdf

Sets rendered dates to the specified format

Stringoptional
Year of publicationyear

Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed

Numberoptional
Postscriptpostscript

Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Ignored if quote is defined.

Stringoptional
Editor last nameeditor-lasteditoreditor-surnameeditor-last1editor-surname1editor1editor1-lasteditor1-surname

The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'

Stringoptional
Editor first nameeditor-firsteditor-first1editor-giveneditor-given1editor1-firsteditor1-given

The given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'

Stringoptional
Link for editoreditor-linkeditor1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for editoreditor-mask

Replaces the name of the editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author maskauthor-mask

Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text. Set author-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set author-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". You must still include the values for all authors for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. You can also use editor-mask and translator-mask in the same way.

Stringoptional
Author mask 2author-mask2author2-mask

Replaces the name of the second author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 3author-mask3author3-mask

Replaces the name of the third author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 4author-mask4author4-mask

Replaces the name of the fourth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 5author-mask5author5-mask

Replaces the name of the fifth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 6author-mask6author6-mask

Replaces the name of the sixth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 7author-mask7author7-mask

Replaces the name of the seventh author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 8author-mask8author8-mask

Replaces the name of the eighth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Author mask 9author-mask9author9-mask

Replaces the name of the ninth author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Display Editorsdisplay-editors

Controls the number of editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of editors, set display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors in a citation. By default, all editors are displayed. |display-editors=etal displays all editors in the list followed by et al.

Stringoptional
Original dateorig-date

Original date of publication; provide specifics

Stringoptional
Last name of second editoreditor-last2editor-surname2editor2editor2-lasteditor2-surname

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'

Stringoptional
First name of second editoreditor-first2editor-given2editor2-firsteditor2-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'

Stringoptional
Link for second editoreditor-link2editor2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for second editoreditor-mask2editor2-mask

Replaces the name of the second editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of third editoreditor-last3editor-surname3editor3editor3-lasteditor3-surname

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'

Stringoptional
First name of third editoreditor-first3editor-given3editor3-firsteditor3-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'

Stringoptional
Link for third editoreditor-link3editor3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for third editoreditor-mask3editor3-mask

Replaces the name of the third editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of fourth editoreditor-last4editor-surname4editor4editor4-lasteditor4-surname

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'

Stringoptional
First name of fourth editoreditor-first4editor-given4editor4-firsteditor4-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'

Stringoptional
Link for fourth editoreditor-link4editor4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for fourth editoreditor-mask4editor4-mask

Replaces the name of the fourth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of fifth editoreditor-last5editor-surname5editor5editor5-lasteditor5-surname

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'

Stringoptional
First name of fifth editoreditor-first5editor-given5editor5-firsteditor5-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'

Stringoptional
Link for fifth editoreditor-link5editor5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for fifth editoreditor-mask5editor5-mask

Replaces the name of the fifth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of sixth editoreditor-last6editor-surname6editor6editor6-lasteditor6-surname

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'

Stringoptional
First name of sixth editoreditor-first6editor-given6editor6-firsteditor6-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'

Stringoptional
Link for sixth editoreditor-link6editor6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for sixth editoreditor-mask6editor6-mask

Replaces the name of the sixth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of seventh editoreditor-last7editor-surname7editor7editor7-lasteditor7-surname

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'

Stringoptional
First name of seventh editoreditor-first7editor-given7editor7-firsteditor7-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'

Stringoptional
Link for seventh editoreditor-link7editor7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for seventh editoreditor-mask7editor7-mask

Replaces the name of the seventh editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of eighth editoreditor-last8editor-surname8editor8editor8-lasteditor8-surname

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'

Stringoptional
First name of eighth editoreditor-first8editor-given8editor8-firsteditor8-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'

Stringoptional
Link for eighth editoreditor-link8editor8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for eighth editoreditor-mask8editor8-mask

Replaces the name of the eighth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Last name of ninth editoreditor-last9editor-surname9editor9editor9-lasteditor9-surname

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'

Stringoptional
First name of ninth editoreditor-first9editor-given9editor9-firsteditor9-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'

Stringoptional
Link for ninth editoreditor-link9editor9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor

Page nameoptional
Mask for ninth editoreditor-mask9editor9-mask

Replaces the name of the ninth editor with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing editor separator; for example, 'with' instead

Stringoptional
Translated titletrans-title

An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Stringoptional
Script Titlescript-title

Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script

Example
ja:東京タワー
Stringoptional
Translated chapter titletrans-chapter

An English language chapter title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended

Stringoptional
Typetype

Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case

Stringoptional
URL of sourceurl

URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found.

URLsuggested
URL access dateaccess-date

The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink

Dateoptional
Archive URLarchive-url

The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date'

URLsuggested
Archive datearchive-date

Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink

Datesuggested
Archive Formatarchive-format

Format of the Archive

Unknownoptional
URL statusurl-status

The status of the URL- live, dead, usurped/unfit (inappropriate content) or deviated (different content)

Suggested values
livedeadusurpedunfitdeviated
Unknownsuggested
Seriesseriesversion

Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'

Stringoptional
Atat

May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient

Lineoptional
No ppno-pp

Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')

Lineoptional
Chapterchaptercontributionentryarticlesection

The chapter heading of the source. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last

Stringoptional
Script Chapterscript-chapter

Chapter heading for languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc); follows transliteration defined in chapter. Should be prefixed with an ISO 639-1 two-character code to help browsers properly display the script

Example
ja:東京タワー
Stringoptional
Chapter URLchapter-urlcontribution-urlsection-url

The URL of the online location where the text of the chapter can be found

URLoptional
Format of Chapter URLchapter-formatcontribution-formatsection-format

Format of the work referred to by chapter-url; displayed in parentheses after chapter. HTML is implied and should not be specified.

Example
PDF, DOC, or XLS
Stringoptional
Othersothers

Free-text field for people involved in creating a work who cannot be added with another name parameter such as author or editor

Stringoptional
Vancouver style editor listveditors

Comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses

Example
Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corporation))
Stringoptional
Editionedition

When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'

Lineoptional
Location of publicationplacelocation

Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked

Stringsuggested
Place of publicationpublication-place

Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'

Stringoptional
Publisherpublisherinstitution

Name of the publisher; displays after title

Stringsuggested
Languagelanguage

The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name; do not use icons or templates

Stringoptional
Formatformat

Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML

Stringoptional
arXiv identifierarxiv

An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers

Lineoptional
ASINasinASIN

Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters

Lineoptional
ASIN TLDasin-tld

ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US

Lineoptional
Bibcodebibcode

Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters

Lineoptional
biorXivbiorxiv

biorXiv identifier; 6 digits

Lineoptional
CiteSeerXciteseerx

CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter

Lineoptional
DOIdoiDOI

Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'

Stringoptional
DOI broken datedoi-broken-date

The date that the DOI was determined to be broken

Dateoptional
ISBNisbn

International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible

Lineoptional
ISSNissn

International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Lineoptional
eISSNeissn

International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen

Lineoptional
Handle System identifierhdlHDL

Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet

Stringoptional
jfm codejfm

Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code

Lineoptional
JSTORjstor

JSTOR identifier

Lineoptional
LCCNlccn

Library of Congress Control Number

Lineoptional
MRmr

Mathematical Reviews identifier

Lineoptional
OCLCoclc

Online Computer Library Center number

Numberoptional
OLol

Open Library identifier

Lineoptional
OSTIosti

Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier

Lineoptional
PMCpmc

PubMed Center article number

Numberoptional
PMIDpmid

PubMed Unique Identifier

Lineoptional
Semantic Scholar Corpus IDs2cidS2CID

The Corpus identifier in Semantic Scholar. Displays as a link to the Semantic Scholar page.

Example
84541141
Unknownoptional
RFCrfc

Request for Comments number

Numberoptional
SSRNssrn

Social Science Research Network

Lineoptional
Zblzbl

Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier

Lineoptional
idid

A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable

Lineoptional
Quotequote

Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation

Contentoptional
Refref

An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates

Lineoptional
Name list stylename-list-style

Sets the style for the list. Accepts 'amp', 'and', and 'vanc'. amp displays an ampersand after the penultimate name; and the same with 'and', and vanc displays in Vancouver format

Stringoptional
Display authorsdisplay-authors

number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used; must be less than the number listed

Numberoptional
Last name 2last2author2surname2author-last2author2-lastsubject2

The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 2first2given2author-first2author2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 3last3author3surname3author-last3author3-lastsubject3

The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 3first3given3author-first3author3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 4last4author4surname4author-last4author4-lastsubject4

The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 4first4given4author-first4author4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 5last5author5surname5

The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 5first5given5

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 6last6author6surname6

The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 6first6

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 7last7author7surname7

The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 7first7given7

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 8last8author8surname8

The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 8first8given8

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Last name 9last9author9surname9

The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9' instead.

Lineoptional
First name 9first9given9

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Author linkauthor-linkauthor-link1author1-linksubject-linksubject-link1subject1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author

Page nameoptional
Author link 2author-link2author2-linksubject-link2subject2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 3author-link3author3-linksubject-link3subject3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 4author-link4author4-linksubject-link4subject4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 5author-link5author5-linksubject-link5subject5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 6author-link6author6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 7author-link7author7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 8author-link8author8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.

Page nameoptional
Author link 9author-link9author9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.

Page nameoptional
Editor last name 2editor2-lasteditor2

The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 2editor2-firsteditor2-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 3editor3-lasteditor3

The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 3editor3-firsteditor3-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 4editor4-lasteditor4

The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 4editor4-firsteditor4-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 5editor5-lasteditor5

The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 5editor5-firsteditor5-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 6editor6-lasteditor6

The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 6editor6-firsteditor6-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 7editor7-lasteditor7

The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 7editor7-firsteditor7-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 8editor8-lasteditor8

The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 8editor8-firsteditor8-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
Editor last name 9editor9-lasteditor9

The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.

Lineoptional
Editor first name 9editor9-firsteditor9-given

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.

Lineoptional
editor2-linkeditor2-link

no description

Stringoptional
editor3-linkeditor3-link

no description

Stringoptional
editor4-linkeditor4-link

no description

Stringoptional
Translator last nametranslator-lasttranslatortranslator-last1translator1translator1-last

The surname of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first nametranslator-firsttranslator1-firsttranslator-first1

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator linktranslator-linktranslator-link1translator1-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator last name 2translator-last2translator2translator2-last

The surname of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 2translator-first2translator2-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 3translator-last3translator3translator3-last

The surname of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 3translator-first3translator3-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 4translator-last4translator4translator4-last

The surname of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 4translator-first4translator4-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 5translator-last5translator5translator5-last

The surname of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 5translator-first5translator5-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 6translator-last6translator6translator6-last

The surname of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 6translator-first6translator6-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 7translator-last7translator7translator7-last

The surname of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 7translator-first7translator7-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 8translator-last8translator8translator8-last

The surname of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 8translator-first8translator8-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator last name 9translator-last9translator9translator9-last

The surname of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator first name 9translator-first9translator9-first

Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth translator; don't wikilink, use 'translator-link'.

Stringoptional
Translator link 2translator-link2translator2-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 3translator-link3translator3-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 4translator-link4translator4-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 5translator-link5translator5-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 6translator-link6translator6-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 7translator-link7translator7-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 8translator-link8translator8-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth translator.

Page nameoptional
Translator link 9translator-link9translator9-link

Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth translator.

Page nameoptional
URL access levelurl-access

no description

Suggested values
registrationlimitedsubscription
Unknownoptional
DOI access leveldoi-access

Requires DOI value.

Suggested values
free
Unknownoptional
viavia

Aggregate or database provider, when different from the Publisher.

Example
[[Open Edition]], [[JSTOR]]
Stringoptional
Bibcode access levelbibcode-access

If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.

Suggested values
free
Unknownoptional
Jstor access leveljstor-access

If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.

Auto value
free
Stringoptional
Semantic Scholar Corpus ID (s2cid) Access Levels2cid-access

no description

Suggested values
free
Unknownoptional
Agencyagency

The agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse

Stringoptional
Departmentdepartment

Department or column within a periodical.

Unknownoptional
Citation Stylemode

Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). These styles correspond to Citation Style 1 and Citation Style 2 respectively. To override default terminal punctuation use the postscript parameter.

Suggested values
cs1cs2
Default
cs2
Stringoptional
HDL access levelhdl-access

If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.

Suggested values
free
Stringoptional
ISMNismnISMN

International Standard Music Number; Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional.

Example
979-0-9016791-7-7
Stringoptional
Peoplepeople

Names of the authors

Stringoptional

This template producesCOinS metadata; seeCOinS in Wikipedia for background information.

See also

Notes

  1. ^Thepipe trick does not work inside references, so be sure to insert a full wikilink.
  2. ^Comparearchived talk page.
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