| Tempe Butte | |
|---|---|
| "A" Mountain O'odham:ʼOidbaḍ Doʼag | |
 Tempe Butte, or A Mountain, is a popular place to hike as it provides a view of ASU's Tempe campus and downtown Tempe. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,495 ft (456 m) NAVD 88[1] |
| Prominence | 330 ft (100 m)[2] |
| Coordinates | 33°25′42″N111°56′09″W / 33.428234536°N 111.935780928°W /33.428234536; -111.935780928[1] |
| Geography | |
  Tempe Butte  Tempe Butte | |
| Location | Tempe Maricopa County,Arizona, U.S. |
| Topo map | USGS Tempe |
Tempe Butte (O'odham:ʼOidbaḍ Doʼag) is the official name of anandesitebutte ofvolcanic origin, located partially onArizona State University's Tempe campus inTempe, Arizona. It is often referred to by locals asA Mountain, after the 60-foot-tall (18 m) gold-painted letter 'A' near the top. Another name for the area, used by the City of Tempe, isHayden Butte.
The highest point of Tempe Butte stands at 1,495 feet (456 m) in elevation, while its base is at approximately 1,150 feet (350 m) in elevation.
Tempe Butte is most often seen as the backdrop to games held inMountain America Stadium (historically Sun Devil Stadium).
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Originally, Tempe Butte was part of a series of horizontal layers, but the strata have beentilted, associated with the formation ofSouth Mountain, and millennia of erosion has created the distinctivehogback of resistant andesite, over sedimentary deposits andrhyolite beds.
Despite intensive development, the butte and its immediate surroundings continue to support a variety of native vegetation, includingsaguaro,buckhorn cholla,barrel cactus,creosote bush,wolfberry,mormon tea,sweetbush,desert lavender,California buckwheat,catclaw acacia,palo verde andmesquite. Springtime annuals include Coulter's and Arizonalupine (Lupinus sparsiflorus andLupinus arizonicus), Coulter's globemallow (Sphaeralcea coulteri), popcorn flowers (Cryptantha), fiddlenecks (Amsinckia), heliotropes (Phacelia), blonde plantain (Plantago ovata) and others. During the summer wild buckwheat (Eriogonum deflexum) blooms, leaving behind a "skeleton" in the fall. The five-winged spiderling (Boerhavia intermedia) then becomes the dominant annual on this preserve and in neighboring Tempe. Native wildlife includejackrabbits, and small desert-adapted species such aspack rats.
Signs of early habitation by theHohokam people have been found on Tempe Butte, includingpetroglyphs, pot shards, scrapers, andmetate. "'Oidbaḍ Doʼag," the name used by the local Native Americans, means "Dead Field Mountain."[3]
The area just west of the butte would be settled by the 1870s in an area first known as Hayden's Ferry, then a major crossing for theSalt River which flows just north of the butte. The proximity of the community to the butte promptedDarrell Duppa to fancifully compare the area to theVale of Tempe nearMount Olympus inGreece; therefore, the town was given its present name. The remains of the Hayden Flour Mill (which lends its name to main thoroughfareMill Avenue) still stand near the western edge of the butte.
More recent alterations include two water tanks on the south flank of the butte, and several trails, at least one paved, to provide access to man-made structures. The east side of the butte was partially excavated in order to accommodate the construction of Sun Devil Stadium in 1958. A 50-foot-tall (15 m) radio tower was built on the top of the mountain in 1962 for theSalt River Project.[1]
In 1961, the City Council changed the mountain's name to "Hayden Butte," honoring early settlerCharles T. Hayden (1825–1900) and his son, U.S. SenatorCarl Hayden (1877–1972).[4] TheU.S. Geological Survey, however, continued to use the former name, "Tempe Butte."[4][5]
In 1965, Arizona State University installed a concrete letter 'A' on the butte.[3] The City of Tempe designated the area a "preserve" in 2002.[3]
In May 2019 all towers and related materials were removed permanently by the city of Tempe.[6]Recent development along the adjacent stretch of the Salt River (which has been dammed to formTempe Town Lake) has prompted several grassroots movements to preserve the butte from further environmental damage.[7]
Originally, the letter on Tempe Butte was an 'N', built by Tempe Normal School's class of 1918. The school changed its name to Tempe State Teacher's College in 1925, and the 'N' was adapted into a 'T'. Subsequently, three years later, the school would change its name again to Arizona State Teacher's College. It wasn't until 1938 that an “A” first appeared. It was formed from loose rocks and soon after, the fall ritual of whitewashing the "A" began. In 1952, vandals with dynamite completely destroyed the "A." The latest "A," made of reinforced steel and poured concrete, was built in 1955. It is 60 feet from its base to its top.[8]
Due to the existence of an "A Mountain" for theUniversity of Arizona (Sentinel Peak) which predates the "A" on Tempe Butte, students from these rival schools often attempt to paint the other's 'A' in their school colors. Guarding the A is an annual ritual in the week leading up to the annual ASU-UA football game, theTerritorial Cup. The A has been painted in other colors for various causes, and is painted white at the beginning of each school year, but is usually painted Gold, one of ASU's school colors. Most recently, UA students painted the A red and blue in November 2014, three weeks prior to their rivalry game.[9] The A has also been painted colors by other schools, such as green byOregon Ducks fans and purple byGrand Canyon University fans.[citation needed]
In 1961, the City Council changed the mountain's name to Hayden Butte, honoring Tempe's founder and his son, former U.S. Sen. Carl Hayden. However, the city never takes up the change with the U.S. Geological Survey, leading to the two names.
Just east of the bridge over the Salt River is Tempe Butte (see fig. 50), a prominent landmark due to a heavy mass of lava (andesite) lying on shale and sandstone, which with the lava is tilted to the southeast at an angle of 45° or more. The base is a massive sandstone quarried to some extent for building. The strata are more and more mixed with clay toward the top, where most of the material under the lava is red shale. More red sandstone in massive beds is exposed north of the river opposite Tempe; it grades down into a coarse granitic arkose or breccia lying on an irregular surface of old granite. It dips 65° NW., nearly at right angles to the dip of the exposure in Tempe Butte. This sandstone was found in a well 1-1/2 miles northeast of Tempe, but a well 2-1/2 miles northwest of the town was entirely in granite. Similar arkose and conglomerate lie on granite in Camelback Mountain, near Phoenix.
