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Temnin el-Foka

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Coordinates:33°54′N35°59′E / 33.900°N 35.983°E /33.900; 35.983

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Village in Baalbek-Hermel, Lebanon

Place in Baalbek-Hermel, Lebanon

Temnin el-Foka تمنين الفوقا
Temnine el-Faouqa, Lebanon, center of village
Temnin el-Foka Location in Lebanon
Coordinates:33°54′N35°59′E / 33.900°N 35.983°E /33.900; 35.983
Country	Lebanon
Governorate	Baalbek-Hermel
District	Baalbek
Elevation	3,600 ft (1,100 m)
Time zone	UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	+3

Temnin el-Foka (Arabic:تمنين الفوقا) is a village located approximately 28 kilometers southwest ofBaalbek in theBaalbek District, in theBeqaa valley ofLebanon, at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level. The village is famous for its Romannymphaeum^[1] which is close to thespring ofAin el-Jobb.^[2]

History

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Temnin was settled since Roman times, but the original name is unknown. The town is divided into two municipalities, the other beingTemnine Et Tahta.

Ottoman tax registers from 1533–1548 indicate the village had 64 households and 11 bachelors, and oneImam, allMuslims.

In 1838,Eli Smith noted Temnin el-Foka's (or "Temnin the upper") population as being predominantlyMetawileh.^[3]

The Roman nymphaeum

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The nymphaeum is an arched watercourse built of large stones that has been constructed 4 metres (13 ft) deep into ahill. It leads to acistern underground. Agully has formed at the outflow, where a boundary pillar is carved with the image of agoddess. It resembles a similarcippus atKafr Zabad.^[2]

The inner walls consist of four layers of massive, roughly hewn cuboids up to the vault.^{[citation needed]}

Only the vaulted arch and two rows of stones on the side walls were preserved before the restoration. The stone blocks of the side walls were piled up again, the pillars and capitals are largely new.

During the2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon,UNESCO gave enhanced protection to 34 cultural sites in Lebanon including the Spring of Ain el Jobb archaeological site to safeguard it fromdamage.^[4]^[5]

Temnin el-Foka
History

Interactive map of Temnin el-Foka
Cultures	Roman
Site notes
Condition	Ruins
Public access	Yes

References

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^Brenda Longfellow (21 October 2010).Roman Imperialism and Civic Patronage: Form, Meaning and Ideology in Monumental Fountain Complexes. Cambridge University Press. pp. 118–.ISBN 978-0-521-19493-8. Retrieved14 November 2012.
^^a ^bGeorge Taylor (1967).The Roman temples of Lebanon: a pictorial guide. Dar el-Machreq Publishers. Retrieved1 November 2012.
^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p.144
^"Cultural property under enhanced protection Lebanon".Archived from the original on 2024-12-31. Retrieved2025-01-01.
^"Lebanon: 34 cultural properties placed under enhanced protection".Archived from the original on 2024-12-27. Retrieved2025-01-01.

Bibliography

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Robinson, E.;Smith, E. (1841).Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston:Crocker & Brewster.

External links

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Temnine El Faouqa, Localiban

v t e Roman archaeological sites in Lebanon
Roman Berytus (actual Beirut)	Berytus¹ Roman Forum of Berytus Berytus Roman Baths Cisterns of Berytus Baths Berytus Cardo Decumanus Berytus Colonnaded street Byzantine mosaics Roman hippodrome of Berytus Roman Law school of Berytus
Roman Phoenicia (actual Lebanon)	Heliopolis Temple of Bacchus Temple of Jupiter (Baalbek) Temples of Mount Hermon Temples of the Beqaa Valley Aaqbe temple Afqa Ain Aata temple Ain Harcha roman temple Amioun Monastery Arca Caesarea Augusti Pagus Bakka temple Batroumine Bziza temple Canalizations of Zenobia Dakoue temple Mansourieh Roman aqueduct Hebbariye temple Iaat column Kafr Zabad temples Khirbet El-Knese roman temples Labweh Roman temple Libbaya roman temple Monastery of Qozhaya Monastery of Saint Maron Nahle roman temple Nebi Safa temple Niha Hosn Niha Qalaat Faqra Qal'at Bustra temple Castra Chbib Castra El Banat Saraain El Faouqa Schleem roman temple Colonia Aurelia Pia "Sidon" Temnin el-Foka nymphaeum Tripolis in Phoenicia Tyrus¹ Tyre Necropolis Roman temple to Venus in Yammoune
Related	Roman Lebanon Phoenice (Roman province) Palaestina Secunda Phoenice Libanensis Stone of the Pregnant Woman Ulpianus Marcus Valerius Probus Eudokia of Heliopolis Saint Barbara of Heliopolis Coele-Syria List of Christian cathedrals in Lebanon Christianity in Lebanon Catholic Church in Lebanon Saint George Greek Orthodox Cathedral 2nd century in Lebanon 3rd century in Lebanon 4th century in Lebanon 5th century in Lebanon 6th century in Lebanon 551 Beirut earthquake
¹ UNESCO World Heritage Sites² Proposed Category:Roman sites in Lebanon

v t e Archaeological sites in Lebanon
Aadloun Aaiha Aammiq Aaqbe Ain Aata Ain Choaab Ain Harcha Akbiyeh Akkar plain foothills Al-Bireh Amioun Amlaq Qatih Anjar, Lebanon Antelias Cave Apheca Ard Saouda Ard Tlaili Arqa Augusti Pagus Baalbek Baidar ech Chamout Batroumine Batroun Bechamoun Beirut Beit Mery Belat temple Berytus (Roman Beirut) Bustan Birke Byblos Canalizations of Zenobia Dahr El Ahmar Dakoue Deir Al-Ahmar Deir al-Ashayer Deir Mar Maroun Dekwaneh Douris (Baalbek) Elaea (Lebanon) Flaoui Fadous Sud Hebbariye Hadeth south Haret ech Cheikh Hashbai Heliopolis in Phoenicia Hermel plains Iaat Jabal es Saaïdé Jbaa Jdeideh Jebel Aabeby Jeita Grotto Joub Jannine Jieh Kafr Zabad Kamid el-Loz Kamouh el Hermel Karak Nuh Kaukaba Kefraya Kafr Tebnit Kfar Qouq Kfarhata Khallet Michte Kharayeb Khirbet El-Knese Kouachra megalith field Ksar Akil Labweh Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze) Libbaya Lion Tower Majdal Anjar Mansourieh Maronite mummies Mayrouba Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir) Moukhtara Mtaileb Nabi Zair Nachcharini Nahle, Lebanon Neba'a Faour Nebi Safa Hosn Niha Phoenician port of Beirut Plain of Zgharta Qaa Qal'at Bustra Qalaat Tannour Qaraoun Qasr el Banat Ras Baalbek I Ras Beirut Ras El Kelb Rashaya Roman Forum of Berytus Roman hippodrome of Berytus Roman temple of Bziza Sands of Beirut Saraain El Faouqa Shheem Sidon Sin el Fil Sarepta Stone of the Pregnant Woman Tahun ben Aissa Taire Tayibe Tell Aalaq Tell Ablah Tell Addus Tell Ahle Tell Ain Cerif Tell Ain el Meten Tell Ain Ghessali Tell Ain Nfaikh Tell Ain Saouda Tell Ain Sofar Tell Ayoub Tell Bar Elias Tell Beshara Tell Bir Dakoue Tell Deir Tell Delhamieh Tell Derzenoun Tell Dibbine Tell el-Burak Tell El Ghassil Tell El Hadeth Tell Fadous Tell Hazzine Tell Hoch Rafqa Tell Karmita Tell Khardane Tell Kirri Tell Jezireh Tell Jisr Tell Kabb Elias Tell Majdaloun Tell Masoud Tell Mekhada Tell Meouchi Tell Mureibit Tell Murtafa Tell Nahariyah Tell Neba'a Chaate Tell Neba'a Litani Tell Qasr Labwe Tell Rasm El Hadeth Tell Rayak Tell Saatiya Tell Safiyeh Tell Saoudhi Tell Serhan Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai Tell Shamsine Tell Sultan Yakoub Tell Taalabaya Tell Wardeen Tell Zenoub Tell Zeitoun Temnin el-Foka Temple of Bacchus Temple of Eshmun Temple of Jupiter Temple of the Obelisks Toron Tripolis (region of Phoenicia) Tyre Necropolis Tyre Umm al-Amad Wadi Koura Wadi Yaroun Yammoune Yanta Ain W Zain Zahlé

Archaeological sites in Lebanon

v t e Baalbek District,Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Capital:Baalbek
Towns and villages	Ain Ainata Arsal Baalbek Barka Bednayel Bechwat Beit Chama - Aaqidiyeh Brital Btadhi Bodai Chaat Chlifa Chmestar - Gharbi Baalbeck Deir el Ahmar Douriss Fakiha - Jdeydeh Fleweh Hadath Baalbek Hallanieh Haouch Barada Haouch Er Rafqa Haouch Snaid Haouch Tall Safiyeh Harbata Hizzine Hlabta Iaat Jabbouleh Janta Jebaa Jdeide Kasarnaba Kfar Dane Khodr Khraibeh Kneisseh Laat Labweh Majdloun Mikna Nabi Chit Nabi Othman Nahleh Qaa Qarha Ram - Jbenniyeh Ras Baalbek Ras el Hadis Saayde Seriine el Fawka Seriine el Tahta Talya Taraya Taybeh Temnin el Fawka Temnine Et Tahta Tfail Wadi Faara Yammouneh Younine
Notable landmarks	Ard Tlaili Jabal es Saaïdé