Atembel hat (Turkish: Tembel şapkası, Kova şapkaHebrew: kova tembel,כובע טמבל) is a type ofbucket hat which became anIsraelinational symbol. The tembel hat was worn byJews inIsrael from the beginning of the 20th century until the 1970s. It was associated with hard-workingZionist Israelis.[1][2] It especially became associated withkibbutzim,tzabarim, and Israeli youth movements.[2][3] In Israelicartoons it is still used to symbolize the typical Israeli (e.g., the cartoon characterSrulik).[2] Tembel hats were most notably produced by theATA textile company.[4]
A tembel hat is sewn from five pieces offabric. Four of the pieces are in the shape of acircular sector and are sewn so that the tops of the four pieces touch each other and each shank of each sector is sewn to the shank of another sector. In this way, the sectors form a bowl-like structure. The fifth piece of fabric is in the shape of a ring. One end of the ring is sewn to the bases of the sectors that form the bowl structure so that the ring deepens the bowl structure.
A tembel hat has novisor and no brim. When the hat is worn, the tops of the sectors rest on the top of the head and the ring of fabric surrounds the head and rests on theforehead,ears, andnape. Its advantage is that it can be easily folded and put into apocket, making it suitable for workers who work long hours in the sun. The tembel hat is cheap because it is easy to sew from a small amount of fabric scraps.
In Hebrew slang, tembel means silly, stupid, or fool.[5][2] It is not known whether the slang term was named after the hat or the hat after the slang term. There is a theory that the tembel hat was originally the heavy-duty hat of theTemplars Christian movement that was active in Israel at the end of the 19th century and in the beginning of the 20th century. By this theory the hat's first name was "Templars' hat," but it was changed to "tembel hat" by theArabs who could not pronounce the P and the correct vowels.[6][2] However, it is more likely that the name "tembel hat" derives from theTurkish orOttoman word "tembel" which means lazy.[7][2] The Tembel's shape is the same as thepileus, the hat adopted by freed slaves in Greek and Roman antiquity and adopted as a symbol of freedom at the time of the French Revolution. The ancient pileus survived inAlbania in the early 20th century and may have influenced the leaders of theSecond Aliyah, who adopted the hat.[8]
The central practical and ideological roles of work in Kibbutz life were reflected in its sartorial culture. Heads were covered with the "tembel" hat, a floppy bell-shaped head covering which in the 1950s became strongly associated with the Israeli born natives[.]