| Teluk Cenderawasih National Park | |
|---|---|
| Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih | |
 Birds in Auri Island, Cendrawasih Bay NP | |
  Teluk Cenderawasih NP | |
| Location | West Papua,Indonesia |
| Nearest city | Manokwari |
| Coordinates | 2°30′S134°38′E / 2.500°S 134.633°E /-2.500; 134.633 |
| Area | 14,535 km2 |
| Established | 2002 |
| Governing body | Ministry of Forestry |
Teluk Cenderawasih National Park is the largestmarinenational park ofIndonesia, located inCenderawasih Bay, south-east ofBird's Head Peninsula. It includes the islands of Mioswaar, Nusrowi Island, Roon, Rumberpon,Anggrameos and Yoop.[1] The park protects a richmarine ecosystem, with over 150 recorded coral species, for which it is considered a potentialWorld Heritage Site.[2]
Extending over 14,535 km2, the national park includes coastal andmangroveecosystems (0.9%),coral reefs (5.5%), islandtropical forest ecosystems (3.8%), and marine waters (89.8%). Some 46 species of plant have been recorded on the islands, dominated byBruguiera andAvicennia species,Nypa fruticans,Metroxylon sagu,Casuarina equisetifolia, andTerminalia catappa.[1]
The coral reef ecosystem forms part of theCoral Triangle region. In the park, 150 species of coral have been recorded, consisting of 15 families and distributed on the shores of 18 islands. Among these are colonies ofblue coral,black coral,Leptoseris species,Mycedium elephantotus, andOctocorallia or soft corals. The percentage of live coral coverage varies from between 30-40% to 64-65%.[1]
Over 200 fish species inhabit the park, among thembutterflyfish,damselfish,parrotfish,rabbitfish,clownfish andsharks includingwhale sharks.[3][4] Species of mollusc includecowry,Strombidae,Lambis species,Charonia tritonis, andgiant clam.[1]
Four species ofturtle are common in the park: thehawksbill turtle,green turtle,olive ridley turtle, andleatherback turtle. Mammals includedugong,blue whale anddolphins.[1]
About 14,000 people live in 72 villages within the park. SeveralAustronesian languages are spoken in the area, which form part of theCenderawasih languages branch and include: Wandamen, Dusner, Meoswar, Roon and Yeretuar.[5] Most of the park is part ofTeluk Wondama Regency ofWest Papuaprovince, while the eastern part is inNabire Regency ofCentral Papua province.[6]
In 1990, the area was designated as Teluk Cendrawasih Marine Nature Reserve. The national park was designated in 1993 and declared in 2002. The park is managed byBalai Taman Nasional with a personnel of 106.[6]