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Telue language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kra language spoken in China and Vietnam
Telue
White Gelao
Duoluo
Native toChina,Vietnam
RegionGuizhou,Guangxi,Yunnan,Ha Giang Province
Native speakers
(1,220 cited 1987)[1]
Kra–Dai
Language codes
ISO 639-3giw
Glottologwhit1267
ELPWhite Gelao

Telue (pinyin transcription: Duoluo 多罗; Tolo) orWhite Gelao is aGelao language spoken in China and Vietnam.[2][3]

Dialects

[edit]

The primary dialectal areas where Telue (White Gelao) is still spoken are:[4]

Phonology

[edit]

Duoluo has manyuvular andprenasalized consonants.[7]

Consonants

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LabialDental/
Alveolar		(Alveolo-)
palatal		VelarUvularGlottal
plainpal.lat.plainpal.plainpal.lab.plainpal.
Stopvoicelessppʲpˡttʲkkʲkʷqʔʔʲ
aspiratedpʰpʲʰpˡʰtʰtʲʰkʰkʲʰkʷʰqʰ
voicedbbʲbˡddʲɡ
Affricatevoicelesststɕ
aspiratedtsʰ(tɕʰ)
voiceddzdʑ
Fricativevoicelessfsɕh
voicedvzɣ
Nasalvoicelessm̥n̥ɲ̟̊ŋ̊
voicedmmʲmˡnɲ̟ŋ
Lateralfricativeɬ
glidellʲˀl
labiallʷ
Approximantj(w)
  • The sound of the affricates/ts,tsʰ,dz/ are frequently close to interdental affricate sounds[tθ,tθʰ,dð].
  • The pronunciation of/j/ can sometimes be close to an alveolo-palatal sound[ʑ], but not as fully articulated.
  • /ŋ/ can also form a syllabic nasal[ŋ̍].
  • Sounds/tɕʰ,w/ mainly appear in modern Chinese loanwords.

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiyɯu
Mideəo
Openaɑ
Syllabicɹ̩
  • /ɹ̩/ only is heard after dental/alveolar fricatives and affricates only,/i/ is never heard in this position.
  • /ə/ and/ɯ/ are typically free variants of each other. When used as a single vowel, it is commonly heard as[ɯ], but when followed by a back vowel/ɯ,u/ it is pronounced as[ə].[8]

Tones

[edit]

White Gelao of Yueliangwan,Yunnan has 4 tones.[9]

ToneValueExample[10]Meaning
155ʔm̩55Water
233gɯ33wrap, surround
335səŋ35Two
421ko21h̃uŋ55Door
 White Gelao of Niupo,Guizhou has 4 tones.[11]
ValueExample[12]Meaning
55mlɯ55harvest
33pu33liɯ31Fish
35pla35Blood
31mlaŋ31Oil, grease

References

[edit]
  1. ^Telue atEthnologue (24th ed., 2021)Closed access icon
  2. ^Zhang Jimin 张済民. 1993.Gelao yu yan jiu 仡佬语研究 (A study of Gelao). Guiyang, China: Guizhou People's Press 贵州民族出版社.
  3. ^Zhou Guoyan 周国炎. 2004.Gelao zu mu yu sheng tai yan jiu 仡佬族母語生态硏究 (Studies on the linguistic ecology of the Gelao people). Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House 民族出版社.
  4. ^Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006.Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
  5. ^Li, Jinfang 李锦芳 (2019).Guizhou Liuzhi Gelaoyu 贵州六枝仡佬语. Beijing:The Commercial Press.OCLC 1112270585.
  6. ^Samarina, Irina Vladimirovna [Самарина, Ирина Владимировна]. 2011.The Gelao language: materials for a Kadai comparative dictionary [Языки гэлао: материалы к сопоставительному словарю кадайских языко]. Moscow: Academia.ISBN 9785874443917
  7. ^Edmondson, Jerold A."Kra or Kadai languages"(PDF). Ling.uta.edu. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved2013-11-30.
  8. ^Zhuo, Guoyan (2000).The phonology system of Judu Gelao language. The Fifth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Hochiminh City: Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City University.
  9. ^Ni 1990, p.217.
  10. ^Taken from Ni 1990, p.214-217.
  11. ^Ni 1990, p. 209.
  12. ^Taken from Ni 1990, pp. 206-208.
Kra
Gelao
Kam–Sui
Biao
Lakkia
Hlai
Jiamao
Be–Jizhao
Tai
(Zhuang, etc.)
Northern
Central
Southwestern
(Thai)
Northwestern
Lao–Phutai
Chiang Saen
Southern
(other)
(mixed)
(mixed origins)
proposed groupings
Proto-languages
Italics indicateextinct languages
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