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Isotopes of tellurium

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Isotopes oftellurium (₅₂Te)

Main isotopes^[1]			Decay
	abundance	half-life(t_1/2)	mode	product
¹²⁰Te	0.09%	stable
¹²¹Te	synth	19.31 d	ε	¹²¹Sb
¹²²Te	2.55%	stable
¹²³Te	0.89%	stable^[2]
¹²⁴Te	4.74%	stable
¹²⁵Te	7.07%	stable
¹²⁶Te	18.8%	stable
¹²⁷Te	synth	9.35 h	β⁻	¹²⁷I
¹²⁸Te	31.7%	2.2×10²⁴ y	β⁻β⁻	¹²⁸Xe
¹²⁹Te	synth	69.6 min	β⁻	¹²⁹I
¹³⁰Te	34.1%	7.91×10²⁰ y	β⁻β⁻	¹³⁰Xe

Standard atomic weightA_r°(Te)

127.60±0.03^[3]
127.60±0.03 (abridged)^[4]

There are 39 knownisotopes and 17nuclear isomers oftellurium (₅₂Te), withatomic masses that range from 104 to 142. These are listed in the table below.

Naturally-occurring tellurium on Earth consists of eight isotopes. Two of these have been found to beradioactive:¹²⁸Te and¹³⁰Te undergodouble beta decay withhalf-lives of, respectively, 2.2×10²⁴ (2.2septillion) years (the longest half-life of allnuclides proven to be radioactive)^[5] and 8.2×10²⁰ (820quintillion) years. The longest-lived artificial radioisotope of tellurium is¹²¹Te with a half-life of about 19 days. Severalnuclear isomers have longer half-lives, the longest being^121mTe with a half-life of 154 days.

The very-long-lived radioisotopes¹²⁸Te and¹³⁰Te are the two most common isotopes of tellurium. Of elements with at least one stable isotope, onlyindium andrhenium likewise have a radioisotope in greater abundance than a stable one.

It has been claimed thatelectron capture of¹²³Te was observed, but more recent measurements of the same team have disproved this.^[6] The half-life of¹²³Te is longer than 9.2 × 10¹⁶ years, and probably much longer.^[6]

¹²⁴Te can be used as a starting material in the production ofradionuclides by acyclotron or other particle accelerators. Some common radionuclides that can be produced from tellurium-124 areiodine-123 andiodine-124.

The short-lived isotope¹³⁵Te (half-life 19 seconds) is produced as afission product in nuclear reactors. It decays, via twobeta decays, to¹³⁵Xe, the most powerful knownneutron absorber, and the cause of theiodine pit phenomenon.

With the exception ofberyllium, tellurium is the second lightest element observed to have isotopes capable of undergoingalpha decay, with isotopes¹⁰⁴Te to¹⁰⁹Te being seen to undergo this mode of decay. Some lighter elements, namely those in the vicinity of⁸Be, have isotopes with delayed alpha emission (followingproton orbeta emission) as a rare branch.

List of isotopes

[edit]

Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Z	N	Isotopic mass(Da)^[7] ^{[n 2]}^{[n 3]}	Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Natural abundance(mole fraction)
Nuclide ^{[n 1]}	Excitation energy			Half-life^[1] ^{[n 4]}^{[n 5]}	Decay mode^[1] ^{[n 6]}	Daughter isotope ^{[n 7]}	Spin and parity^[1] ^{[n 8]}^{[n 5]}	Normal proportion^[1]	Range of variation
¹⁰⁴Te	52	52	103.94672(34)	<4 ns	α	¹⁰⁰Sn	0+
¹⁰⁵Te	52	53	104.94330(32)	633(66) ns	α	¹⁰¹Sn	(7/2+)
¹⁰⁶Te	52	54	105.93750(11)	78(11) μs	α	¹⁰²Sn	0+
¹⁰⁷Te	52	55	106.93488(11)#	3.22(9) ms	α (70%)	¹⁰³Sn	5/2+#
¹⁰⁷Te	52	55	106.93488(11)#	3.22(9) ms	β⁺ (30%)	¹⁰⁷Sb	5/2+#
¹⁰⁸Te	52	56	107.9293805(58)	2.1(1) s	α (49%)	¹⁰⁴Sn	0+
					β⁺ (48.6%)	¹⁰⁸Sb
					β⁺,p (2.4%)	¹⁰⁷Sn
					β⁺, α (<0.065%)	¹⁰⁴In
¹⁰⁹Te	52	57	108.9273045(47)	4.4(2) s	β⁺ (86.7%)	¹⁰⁹Sb	(5/2+)
					β⁺, p (9.4%)	¹⁰⁸Sn
					α (3.9%)	¹⁰⁵Sn
					β⁺, α (<0.0049%)	¹⁰⁵In
¹¹⁰Te	52	58	109.9224581(71)	18.6(8) s	β⁺	¹¹⁰Sb	0+
¹¹¹Te	52	59	110.9210006(69)	26.2(6) s	β⁺	¹¹¹Sb	(5/2)+
¹¹¹Te	52	59	110.9210006(69)	26.2(6) s	β⁺, p (?%)	¹¹⁰Sn	(5/2)+
¹¹²Te	52	60	111.9167278(90)	2.0(2) min	β⁺	¹¹²Sb	0+
¹¹³Te	52	61	112.915891(30)	1.7(2) min	β⁺	¹¹³Sb	(7/2+)
¹¹⁴Te	52	62	113.912088(26)	15.2(7) min	β⁺	¹¹⁴Sb	0+
¹¹⁵Te	52	63	114.911902(30)	5.8(2) min	β⁺	¹¹⁵Sb	7/2+
^115m1Te^{[n 9]}	10(6) keV			6.7(4) min	β⁺	¹¹⁵Sb	(1/2+)
^115m2Te	280.05(20) keV			7.5(2) μs	IT	¹¹⁵Te	11/2−
¹¹⁶Te	52	64	115.908466(26)	2.49(4) h	β⁺	¹¹⁶Sb	0+
¹¹⁷Te	52	65	116.908646(14)	62(2) min	EC (75%)	¹¹⁷Sb	1/2+
¹¹⁷Te	52	65	116.908646(14)	62(2) min	β⁺	¹¹⁷Sb	1/2+
^117mTe	296.1(5) keV			103(3) ms	IT	¹¹⁷Te	(11/2−)
¹¹⁸Te	52	66	117.905860(20)	6.00(2) d	EC	¹¹⁸Sb	0+
¹¹⁹Te	52	67	118.9064057(78)	16.05(5) h	EC (97.94%)	¹¹⁹Sb	1/2+
¹¹⁹Te	52	67	118.9064057(78)	16.05(5) h	β⁺ (2.06%)	¹¹⁹Sb	1/2+
^119mTe	260.96(5) keV			4.70(4) d	EC (99.59%)	¹¹⁹Sb	11/2−
^119mTe	260.96(5) keV			4.70(4) d	β⁺ (0.41%)	¹¹⁹Sb	11/2−
¹²⁰Te	52	68	119.9040658(19)	Observationally Stable^{[n 10]}			0+	9(1)×10⁻⁴
¹²¹Te	52	69	120.904945(28)	19.31(7) d	β⁺	¹²¹Sb	1/2+
^121mTe	293.974(22) keV			164.7(5) d	IT (88.6%)	¹²¹Te	11/2−
^121mTe	293.974(22) keV			164.7(5) d	β⁺ (11.4%)	¹²¹Sb	11/2−
¹²²Te	52	70	121.9030447(15)	Stable			0+	0.0255(12)
¹²³Te	52	71	122.9042710(15)	Observationally Stable^{[n 11]}			1/2+	0.0089(3)
^123mTe	247.47(4) keV			119.2(1) d	IT	¹²³Te	11/2−
¹²⁴Te	52	72	123.9028183(15)	Stable			0+	0.0474(14)
¹²⁵Te^{[n 12]}	52	73	124.9044312(15)	Stable			1/2+	0.0707(15)
^125mTe	144.775(8) keV			57.40(15) d	IT	¹²⁵Te	11/2−
¹²⁶Te	52	74	125.9033121(15)	Stable			0+	0.1884(25)
¹²⁷Te^{[n 12]}	52	75	126.9052270(15)	9.35(7) h	β⁻	¹²⁷I	3/2+
^127mTe	88.23(7) keV			106.1(7) d	IT (97.86%)	¹²⁷Te	11/2−
^127mTe	88.23(7) keV			106.1(7) d	β⁻ (2.14%)	¹²⁷I	11/2−
¹²⁸Te^{[n 12]}^{[n 13]}	52	76	127.90446124(76)	2.25(9)×10²⁴ y^{[n 14]}	β⁻β⁻	¹²⁸Xe	0+	0.3174(8)
^128mTe	2790.8(3) keV			363(27) ns	IT	¹²⁸Te	(10+)
¹²⁹Te^{[n 12]}	52	77	128.90659642(76)	69.6(3) min	β⁻	¹²⁹I	3/2+
^129mTe	105.51(3) keV			33.6(1) d	IT (64%)	¹²⁹Te	11/2−
^129mTe	105.51(3) keV			33.6(1) d	β⁻ (36%)	¹²⁹I	11/2−
¹³⁰Te^{[n 12]}^{[n 13]}	52	78	129.906222745(11)	7.91(21)×10²⁰ y	β⁻β⁻	¹³⁰Xe	0+	0.3408(62)
^130m1Te	2146.41(4) keV			186(11) ns	IT	¹³⁰Te	7−
^130m2Te	2667.2(8) keV			1.90(8) μs	IT	¹³⁰Te	(10+)
^130m3Te	4373.9(9) keV			53(8) ns	IT	¹³⁰Te	(15−)
¹³¹Te^{[n 12]}	52	79	130.908522210(65)	25.0(1) min	β⁻	¹³¹I	3/2+
^131m1Te	182.258(18) keV			32.48(11) h	β⁻ (74.1%)	¹³¹I	11/2−
^131m1Te	182.258(18) keV			32.48(11) h	IT (25.9%)	¹³¹Te	11/2−
^131m2Te	1940.0(4) keV			93(12) ms	IT	¹³¹Te	(23/2+)
¹³²Te^{[n 12]}	52	80	131.9085467(37)	3.204(13) d	β⁻	¹³²I	0+
^132m1Te	1774.80(9) keV			145(8) ns	IT	¹³²Te	6+
^132m2Te	1925.47(9) keV			28.5(9) μs	IT	¹³²Te	7−
^132m3Te	2723.3(8) keV			3.62(6) μs	IT	¹³²Te	(10+)
¹³³Te	52	81	132.9109633(22)	12.5(3) min	β⁻	¹³³I	3/2+#
^133m1Te	334.26(4) keV			55.4(4) min	β⁻ (83.5%)	¹³³I	(11/2−)
^133m1Te	334.26(4) keV			55.4(4) min	IT (16.5%)	¹³³Te	(11/2−)
^133m2Te	1610.4(5) keV			100(5) ns	IT	¹³³Te	(19/2−)
¹³⁴Te	52	82	133.9113964(29)	41.8(8) min	β⁻	¹³⁴I	0+
^134mTe	1691.34(16) keV			164.5(7) ns	IT	¹³⁴Te	6+
¹³⁵Te^{[n 15]}	52	83	134.9165547(18)	19.0(2) s	β⁻	¹³⁵I	(7/2−)
^135mTe	1554.89(16) keV			511(20) ns	IT	¹³⁵Te	(19/2−)
¹³⁶Te	52	84	135.9201012(24)	17.63(9) s	β⁻ (98.63%)	¹³⁶I	0+
¹³⁶Te	52	84	135.9201012(24)	17.63(9) s	β⁻,n (1.37%)	¹³⁵I	0+
¹³⁷Te	52	85	136.9255994(23)	2.49(5) s	β⁻ (97.06%)	¹³⁷I	3/2−#
¹³⁷Te	52	85	136.9255994(23)	2.49(5) s	β⁻, n (2.94%)	¹³⁶I	3/2−#
¹³⁸Te	52	86	137.9294725(41)	1.46(25) s	β⁻ (95.20%)	¹³⁸I	0+
¹³⁸Te	52	86	137.9294725(41)	1.46(25) s	β⁻, n (4.80%)	¹³⁷I	0+
¹³⁹Te	52	87	138.9353672(38)	724(81) ms	β⁻	¹³⁹I	5/2−#
¹⁴⁰Te	52	88	139.939487(15)	351(5) ms	β⁻ (?%)	¹⁴⁰I	0+
¹⁴⁰Te	52	88	139.939487(15)	351(5) ms	β⁻, n (?%)	¹³⁹I	0+
¹⁴¹Te	52	89	140.94560(43)#	193(16) ms	β⁻	¹⁴¹I	5/2−#
¹⁴²Te	52	90	141.95003(54)#	147(8) ms	β⁻	¹⁴²I	0+
¹⁴³Te	52	91	142.95649(54)#	120(8) ms	β⁻	¹⁴³I	7/2+#
¹⁴⁴Te	52	92	143.96112(32)#	93(60) ms	β⁻	¹⁴⁴I	0+
¹⁴⁵Te	52	93	144.96778(32)#	75# ms [>550 ns]	β⁻	¹⁴⁵I
This table header & footer: view

^^mTe – Excitednuclear isomer.
^( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
^# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
^Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer thanage of universe.
^^a ^b# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
^Modes of decay:
EC: Electron capture

IT: Isomeric transition
n: Neutron emission
p: Proton emission
^Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
^( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
^Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
^Believed to undergo β⁺β⁺ decay to¹²⁰Sn with a half-life over 1.6×10²¹ years
^Believed to undergo electron capture to¹²³Sb with a half-life over 9.2×10¹⁶ years
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^gFission product
^^a ^bPrimordial radionuclide
^Longest measured half-life of any nuclide
^Very short-livedfission product, responsible for theiodine pit as precursor of¹³⁵Xe via¹³⁵I

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^c ^d ^eKondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021)."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"(PDF).Chinese Physics C.45 (3): 030001.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^Alessandrello, A.; Arnaboldi, C.; Brofferio, C.; Capelli, S.; Cremonesi, O.; Fiorini, E.; Nucciotti, A.; Pavan, M.; Pessina, G.; Pirro, S.; Previtali, E.; Sisti, M.; Vanzini, M.; Zanotti, L.; Giuliani, A.; Pedretti, M.; Bucci, C.; Pobes, C. (2003). "New limits on naturally occurring electron capture of¹²³Te".Physical Review C.67: 014323.arXiv:hep-ex/0211015.Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A.doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323.
^"Standard Atomic Weights: Tellurium".CIAAW. 1969.
^Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04)."Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603.ISSN 1365-3075.
^Many isotopes are expected to have longer half-lives, but decay has not yet been observed in these, allowing only a lower limit to be placed on their half-lives
^^a ^bA. Alessandrello; et al. (January 2003). "New Limits on Naturally Occurring Electron Capture of¹²³Te".Physical Review C.67 (1): 014323.arXiv:hep-ex/0211015.Bibcode:2003PhRvC..67a4323A.doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.67.014323.S2CID 119523039.
^Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".Chinese Physics C.45 (3): 030003.doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.

Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003)."Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.75 (6):683–800.doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006)."Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)".Pure and Applied Chemistry.78 (11):2051–2066.doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised".International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003),"The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties",Nuclear Physics A,729:3–128,Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A,doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center."NuDat 2.x database".Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.).Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press.ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- Alduino, C.; Alfonso, K.; Artusa, D. R.; Avignone, F. T.; Azzolini, O.; Banks, T. I.; Bari, G.; Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F. (2017-01-01). "Measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta decay half-life of¹³⁰Te with the CUORE-0 experiment".The European Physical Journal C.77 (1): 13.arXiv:1609.01666.Bibcode:2017EPJC...77...13A.doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4498-6.ISSN 1434-6044.S2CID 254105128.

Isotopes of thechemical elements

Group	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
Period	Hydrogen and alkali metals	Alkaline earth metals													Pnictogens	Chalcogens	Halogens	Noble gases
①	Isotopes § List H 1																	Isotopes § List He 2
②	Isotopes § List Li 3	Isotopes § List Be 4											Isotopes § List B 5	Isotopes § List C 6	Isotopes § List N 7	Isotopes § List O 8	Isotopes § List F 9	Isotopes § List Ne 10
③	Isotopes § List Na 11	Isotopes § List Mg 12											Isotopes § List Al 13	Isotopes § List Si 14	Isotopes § List P 15	Isotopes § List S 16	Isotopes § List Cl 17	Isotopes § List Ar 18
④	Isotopes § List K 19	Isotopes § List Ca 20	Isotopes § List Sc 21	Isotopes § List Ti 22	Isotopes § List V 23	Isotopes § List Cr 24	Isotopes § List Mn 25	Isotopes § List Fe 26	Isotopes § List Co 27	Isotopes § List Ni 28	Isotopes § List Cu 29	Isotopes § List Zn 30	Isotopes § List Ga 31	Isotopes § List Ge 32	Isotopes § List As 33	Isotopes § List Se 34	Isotopes § List Br 35	Isotopes § List Kr 36
⑤	Isotopes § List Rb 37	Isotopes § List Sr 38	Isotopes § List Y 39	Isotopes § List Zr 40	Isotopes § List Nb 41	Isotopes § List Mo 42	Isotopes § List Tc 43	Isotopes § List Ru 44	Isotopes § List Rh 45	Isotopes § List Pd 46	Isotopes § List Ag 47	Isotopes § List Cd 48	Isotopes § List In 49	Isotopes § List Sn 50	Isotopes § List Sb 51	Isotopes § List Te 52	Isotopes § List I 53	Isotopes § List Xe 54
⑥	Isotopes § List Cs 55	Isotopes § List Ba 56	Isotopes § List Lu 71	Isotopes § List Hf 72	Isotopes § List Ta 73	Isotopes § List W 74	Isotopes § List Re 75	Isotopes § List Os 76	Isotopes § List Ir 77	Isotopes § List Pt 78	Isotopes § List Au 79	Isotopes § List Hg 80	Isotopes § List Tl 81	Isotopes § List Pb 82	Isotopes § List Bi 83	Isotopes § List Po 84	Isotopes § List At 85	Isotopes § List Rn 86
⑦	Isotopes § List Fr 87	Isotopes § List Ra 88	Isotopes § List Lr 103	Isotopes § List Rf 104	Isotopes § List Db 105	Isotopes § List Sg 106	Isotopes § List Bh 107	Isotopes § List Hs 108	Isotopes § List Mt 109	Isotopes § List Ds 110	Isotopes § List Rg 111	Isotopes § List Cn 112	Isotopes § List Nh 113	Isotopes § List Fl 114	Isotopes § List Mc 115	Isotopes § List Lv 116	Isotopes § List Ts 117	Isotopes § List Og 118
⑧	Isotopes § List Uue 119	Isotopes § List Ubn 120

			Isotopes § List La 57	Isotopes § List Ce 58	Isotopes § List Pr 59	Isotopes § List Nd 60	Isotopes § List Pm 61	Isotopes § List Sm 62	Isotopes § List Eu 63	Isotopes § List Gd 64	Isotopes § List Tb 65	Isotopes § List Dy 66	Isotopes § List Ho 67	Isotopes § List Er 68	Isotopes § List Tm 69	Isotopes § List Yb 70
			Isotopes § List Ac 89	Isotopes § List Th 90	Isotopes § List Pa 91	Isotopes § List U 92	Isotopes § List Np 93	Isotopes § List Pu 94	Isotopes § List Am 95	Isotopes § List Cm 96	Isotopes § List Bk 97	Isotopes § List Cf 98	Isotopes § List Es 99	Isotopes § List Fm 100	Isotopes § List Md 101	Isotopes § List No 102

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EC:	Electron capture
IT:	Isomeric transition
n:	Neutron emission
p:	Proton emission