Inancient Greek religion,Telesphorus (Greek: ΤελεσφόροςTelesphoros) was a minor child-god of healing. He was a possible son ofAsclepius and frequently accompanied his sisterHygieia. He was depicted as adwarf whose head was always covered with acowl hood orcap.[1]
He symbolized recovery from illness, as his name means "the accomplisher" or "bringer of completion" in Greek. Representations of him are found mainly inAnatolia and along theDanube.[1]
Telesphorus is assumed to have been aCeltic god in origin, who was taken to Anatolia by theGalatians in the 3rd century BC, where he would have become associated with the Greek god of medicine, Asclepius, perhaps inPergamon (an Asclepian cult center) and spread again to the West due to the rise of theRoman Empire, in particular during the 2nd century AD, from the reign ofHadrian.[2][3] Telesphorus has been identified with theGenius Cucullatus invoked on two inscriptions in Noricum.[1]
It is suggested by many scholars that Telesphorus was a protector of children for the healing gods.[4] Ancient hymns honor and thank Telesphorus for guarding and favoring the birth of their healthy children.[4] He is also depicted as the protective divinity of an Attican fraternity in lists from the third century BC.[4] Statuettes recovered from two children's graves inStobi, dated to the second century BC, depict Telesphorus together with a child and lead many scholars to believe that Telesphorus was thought to protect children even in death.[4] Other representations of the deity have him depicted as a child as well.[5]
Telesphorus was the youngest son of Asclepius, the god of medicine. He had five older sisters, Iaso, Hygieia, Panacea, Aceso, and Aglaia.[1] He is frequently depicted accompanying his sister Hygieia in statues; Telesphorus, Hygieia, and Asclepius are often shown as a trio in inscriptions and coins.[4]
Telesphorus was referred to as different names in different regions. In theSanctuary of Asclepius at Titane, the statue erected is called Euamerion; inEpidaurus, the statue is called Acesis, which means cure; and in Pergamon, it is called Telesphorus.[6] Telesphorus is the only one of the three names to be cited as a child of Asclepius in an Attican inscription from the second century AD.[4]
The temple of Telesphorus was a two-story dormitory in the Sanctuary of Asclepius, located in Pergamon, Turkey.[7] According toAristides, there were three temples: the north temple dedicated to Apollo, the middle temple dedicated to Hygieia and Telesphorus, and the south temple dedicated to Asclepius.[8] These temples were used as sanctuaries for healing rituals conducted by priests, and they were built high up on a rocky outcrop of land known as theFelsbarre.[8] A nearby spring fed water to multiple fountains and was sometimes used in the healing processes.[7] Access to the temple was granted through a dark underground passageway which still exists today.[7] A patient would be led through this passageway, into the temple, and be instructed to lie down at the base of a statue of Asclepius. The patient would be told that Asclepius or one of his children would appear to them in a dream and grant them health-giving powers. Once the patient was asleep though, priests had the opportunity to mend to their wounds.[7] The temple was purposefully kept in the dark so that when a patient awoke, they would be granted by daylight; the contrast between dark and light created a psychological juxtaposition between sick and healthy in the patient's mind.[7]
The cult of Telesphorus grew aroundAthens,Attica, andThessaly; a third century AD eulogy from the area thanks Asclepius, Hygieia, and Telesphorus for their help in intervening anepidemic.[4] The cult also bled into theThracian area, where the cult becomes assimilated under the epithet Παυταλιωται.[4]
Telesphorus first began to appear on coins in the third century during the reign ofCaracalla,[9] specifically appearing on provincial bronze coins. One coin, struck inLydia circa 210 AD, depicts Caracalla on the obverse and Caracalla consulting Asclepius, Telesphorus, andSalus (the Roman equivalent of Hygieia) on the reverse.[9] Another coin shows Asclepius and Telesphorus being recognized in conjunction as medicaldeities whose duties were to bring care and power to the atonement of health.[10] Telesphorus also appears on a bronze medallion with Asclepius and Caracalla, which is believed to have been struck on the same day Caracalla left forPergamus.[10] This was to ensure that Caracalla were to be cured of his corporeal ailments and mind's diseases.[10]
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link){{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Media related toTelesphorus (mythology) at Wikimedia Commons| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
