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Communications in Hong Kong

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromTelecommunications in Hong Kong)

Demographics and culture of Hong Kong
Demographics
Culture
Other Hong Kong topics

Communications in Hong Kong includes a wide-ranging and sophisticated network of radio, television, telephone, Internet, and related online services, reflecting Hong Kong's thriving commerce and international importance.

There are some 60online newspapers (in various languages, but mostly inTraditional Chinese) and the numbers of online periodicals run into the hundreds. The territory is in addition theEast andSoutheast Asian headquarters for most of the major international communications and media services.

Broadcast media and news is provided by several television and radio companies, one of which isgovernment-run. Television provides the major source of news and entertainment for the average family. Chinese television programs are produced for both local and overseas markets.

Hong Kong also ranks as an important centre of publishing and printing: numerous books are published yearly for local consumption, several leading foreign publishers have their regional offices in Hong Kong, and many international magazines are printed in the territory.

Radio

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  • 5 radio networks, one of which is government-funded, operate 30 radio stations (2014)
  • Radios: 4.45 million (1997)[needs update]

Television

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Main article:Television in Hong Kong

Terrestrial television

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There are a total of nine terrestrial television channels in Hong Kong, owned by three television networks, one of which is a public broadcaster.

Hong Kong's terrestrial commercial TV networks can also be seen inMacau, via cable.

TVB

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Television Broadcasts Limited operatesTVB Jade,TVB Pearl,TVB Plus (formerly two separate channels, TVB J2 andJ5), andTVB News, of which Jade and Pearl are available on analogue frequencies. TVB is the city's first commercial terrestrial television network (Asia Television (ATV) began as a subscription television network), and is the city's predominant TV network.

HKTVE

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HK Television Entertainment operatesViuTV, which is a Cantonese general entertainment channel. The network is mandated by its service license to launch a 17-hourEnglish television channel on or before 31 March 2017.[1] The English channel named "ViuTVsix" officially launched on March 31, 2017 (local time).

ViuTV does not broadcast on analogue frequencies.

RTHK

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Public broadcasterRTHK operates three digital channels, two of which have been simulcast on analogue frequencies formerly used by ATV since April 2, 2016.

Paid television

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Paid cable and satellite television have also been widespread, withCable TV Hong Kong,Now TV,TVB Network Vision andHKBN bbTV being the more prominent providers.

The production of Hong Kong's soap drama, comedy series and variety shows have reached mass audiences throughout the Chinese-speaking world. Many international and pan-Asian broadcasters are based in Hong Kong, includingNews Corporation'sSTAR TV.

Telecommunication industry

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See also:Telecommunications industry in Hong Kong
  • Telecommunications system: modern facilities that provide excellent domestic and international services.
  • Domestic: microwave radio relay links and extensive fibre-optic network
  • Satellite earth stations – 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean)
  • International coaxial cable: to Guangzhou, China; access to 5 international submarine cables providing connections toASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe[needs update]

The Hong Kong telecommunication industry was deregulated in 1995. There are no foreign ownership restrictions. The Office of Telecommunications Authority (OFTA) is the legislative body responsible for regulating the telecommunications industry. Competition in this sector is fierce. Since 2008, one can get 10 Mbit/s up and down unlimitedVDSL, telephone line rental, unlimited local calls, and 100 minutes of international calls for US$25/month. Telephone line rental and unlimited local calls is only US$3/month.

Telecommunication company

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As of July 2017[update], the penetration rate inHong Kong was estimated at 240.8% over a population estimate of over 7.325 million.[2][3][4] Hong Kong's telecom regulator is theOffice of the Communications Authority (OFCA).

RankOperatorTechnologySubscribers

(in millions)

Ownership
1HKT

(including csl, 1O1O and Club SIM)

GSM-900/1800 (GPRS,EDGE)

900/2100 MHzUMTS,HSPA+,DC-HSPA+900/1800/2600(B7) MHzLTE-A

4.324[5] (Dec 2018)PCCW Limited

(Pacific Century Group 28.97%,China Unicom 19.9%)

23 Hong KongGSM-900/1800 (GPRS,EDGE)

900 MHzUMTS,HSPA+,DC-HSPA+900/1800/2100/2600(B7)/2300(B40) MHzLTE-A

3.276[6] (Dec 2018)Hutchison Telecom
3 (?)CMHK

(China Mobile Hong Kong)

GSM-1800 (GPRS,EDGE)

2100 MHzUMTS,HSPA+,DC-HSPA+900/1800/2100/2600(B7)/2300(B40) MHzLTE-A

5[7] (Jun 2021)China Mobile
4SmarToneGSM-900/1800 (GPRS)

850/2100 MHzUMTS,HSPA+,DC-HSPA+900/1800/2100/2600(B7) MHzLTE-A

2.47[8] (Dec 2018)Sun Hung Kai Properties
5CUniq HK

(China Unicom Hong Kong)

Using 3 Hong Kong0.87[9](Oct 2018)China Unicom
6Hong Kong Broadband NetworkUsing CMHK and SmarTone0.277[10](Oct 2019)HKBN Ltd.
7SUN MobileUsing CSL MobileN/AHKT (60%), Telecom Digital (40%)
8Birdie MobileUsing SmarToneN/ASmarTone Mobile Communications Limited[11]
9CTExcelArchived 8 December 2021 at theWayback MachineN/AChina Telecom

Telephone

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Internet

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  • Number of Internet users: 4,920,255 or 69.4% of the population (2010)[12]
  • Number of Internet hosts: 861,516 hosts, 48th in the world (2010)[13]
  • IPv4 addresses allocated: 11,777,024 or 1,646 per 1000 population (April 2012)[14]
  • Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 179 (May 2007)
  • Dial-up access accounts: 0.99 million (Mar 2007)
  • Country code (Top-level domain):.hk

Broadband Internet access

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  • Fixed broadband subscriptions: 2,111,109 or 29.93 per 100 inhabitants (2010)[15][16]

As of April 2006,HKBN offers its customers Internet access with speeds starting from 10 Mbit/s up to 1000 Mbit/s (1 Gbit/s) viaFiber to the building andFiber to the Home. However the speed to non-Hong Kong destinations is capped to 20 Mbit/s.As of November 2009, the company was offering 100 Mbit/s service for HK$99 (about $13 US) per month.[needs update]

Major Internet Service Providers (ISPs) include:[needs update]

  • PCCWNetvigator, with a 95% coverage area and providing internet access to 1.9 million users. ADSL connections, speeds up to 8M/800K are priced differently. Newly constructed apartments have ADSL2 and VDSL connections, which have speeds up to 100M/100M. FTTH for last mile broadband of speeds up to 10G/10G. Business plans have speeds up to 10G/10G.
  • HGC ADSL & VDSL & FTTH broadband of speeds up to 1G/1G.
  • [1][permanent dead link] ADSL & VDSL broadband of speeds up to 10M/10M.
  • HKBNMetro Ethernet (CAT-5E/FTTH for last mile) broadband of speeds up to 1G/1G.
  • I-cable Broadband Cable HFC Broadband of speeds up to 200M/10M shared by one tower (tens of apartments) and FTTH Broadband of speeds up to 1G/1G.

Internet censorship in Hong Kong

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Main article:Internet censorship in Hong Kong

Hong Kong law provides for freedom of speech and press, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. Although freedom of expression is protected by theHong Kong Bill of Rights, theHong Kong national security law gives the government the power to "take down any electronic messages published" that the government considers endangering national security.[17][18] No government licenses are required to operate a website. Democratic activists claim central government authorities closely monitor their e-mails and Internet use.[19]

See also

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Portals:

References

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Public Domain This article incorporatespublic domain material from"Hong Kong".The World Factbook (2025 ed.).CIA. Retrieved3 July 2012. (Archived 2012 edition.)

  1. ^"附 錄 A" [Appendix A](PDF) (in Chinese). Retrieved25 September 2016.香港電視娛樂會在二零一七年三月三十一日或之前開設一條英語頻道,每日廣播合共17小時 (HK Television Entertainment will open an English language television channel on or before 31 March 2017. The channel will air programmes for 17 hours per day.)
  2. ^"香港電訊指標".Office of the Communications Authority. Retrieved30 July 2017.
  3. ^"香港无线通信服务的主要统计数字"(PDF).Office of the Communications Authority. Retrieved30 July 2017.
  4. ^"Office of the Communications Authority - Choice of Service Providers".www.ofca.gov.hk. Archived fromthe original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved18 February 2018.
  5. ^"Xiānggǎng diànxùn"香港電訊 [Hong Kong Telecom](PDF).hkt.com.
  6. ^2018 Annual Results Presentation(PDF). Hutchison Telecom Hong Kong Holdings. 28 February 2019.
  7. ^"中國移動香港宣布客戶規模突破500萬". Archived fromthe original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved27 June 2021.
  8. ^SmarTone Telecommunications Holdings Limited(PDF). FY19 Interim Results Presentation. 30 January 2019.
  9. ^張雅婷 (5 October 2018)."中國聯通兩個月兩度死機 13.8萬客戶受影響 遭通訊局罰款16萬元".香港01 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). Retrieved9 November 2019.
  10. ^經濟日報."香港寬頻公布2019財政年度強勁業績 | 美通社 | 國際".經濟日報 (in Chinese). Archived fromthe original on 14 December 2019. Retrieved27 December 2019.
  11. ^區慶威 (29 January 2018)."【自由鳥Birdie】新電訊商登場 免費送SIM主打平價漫遊".香港01. Retrieved27 February 2018.
  12. ^"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2010",International Telecommunication Union, accessed 16 April 2012.
  13. ^"Internet hosts"Archived 13 July 2017 at theWayback Machine,CIA World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, accessed 2 April 2012
  14. ^Select FormatsArchived 13 May 2009 at theWayback Machine, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.
  15. ^Fixed broadband subscriptions,International Telecommunication Union. Accessed on 8 April 2012.
  16. ^Excluding subscriptions that have access to data communications (including the Internet) via mobile cellular networks,Definitions of World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators, March 2010Archived 20 December 2014 at theWayback Machine,International Telecommunication Union. Accessed on 30 September 2011.
  17. ^Hong Kong Bill of RightsArchived 25 February 2012 at theWayback Machine, 8 June 1991, Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor, accessed 30 June 2012
  18. ^"Hong Kong police granted sweeping powers under security law".Washington Post. 7 July 2020.ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved13 October 2023.
  19. ^"Hong Kong",2011 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Bureau of Democracy, Human rights, and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 24 May 2012
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See also
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