Ted Dabney | |
|---|---|
 Ted Dabney (left) in 1972 with aPong arcade cabinet and fellow Atari employeesNolan Bushnell, Fred Marincic andAllan Alcorn | |
| Born | Samuel Frederick Dabney Jr. (1937-05-02)May 2, 1937 |
| Died | May 26, 2018(2018-05-26) (aged 81) Clearlake,California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Electrical engineer |
| Known for | Co-founder ofAtari, Inc., co-creator ofComputer Space |
| Spouse | Carolyn Dabney |
Samuel Frederick "Ted" Dabney Jr. (May 2, 1937 – May 26, 2018) was an American electrical engineer, and the co-founder, alongsideNolan Bushnell, ofAtari, Inc. He is recognized as developing the basics of video circuitry principles that were used forComputer Space and laterPong, one of the first and most successfularcade games.
Dabney was born inSan Francisco,California, to Irma and Samuel Frederick Dabney. His parents divorced while he was young and he was subsequently raised by his father.[1] One of several schools that he attended was John A. O'Connell High School of Technology, where he studied trade drafting, which led to him getting a job with theCalifornia Department of Transportation while still a teenager.[2] He eventually got his high school diploma fromSan Mateo High School; Dabney credited a math teacher named Walker there who got him interested in the electronics and computing areas.[2] He then had a summer position with a local surveyor company, but when the work dried up by the winter, he was let go, and he enlisted in theUnited States Marine Corps.[2] During his three years in the Corps he took courses on electronics, giving him an interest in the area.[3] He was able to leave the Corps as he had been admitted intoSan Francisco State University, but since he did not have the funds to support his education, he instead took a job withBank of America based on his electronics experience, where he kept theElectronic Recording Machine, Accounting operational.[2]
Dabney left Bank of America after a year, and on recommendation of John Herbert, a colleague he worked with, was hired byHewlett-Packard.[4] Within a few weeks, Herbert had moved on toAmpex and convinced Dabney to interview there. Dabney joined Ampex in 1961, working in their military products section. This work led to him becoming involved in early video imagery products within Ampex, includingvidicon systems.[2] By around 1969 Ampex had also hiredNolan Bushnell, who worked alongside Dabney and where they became friends.[4] Bushnell, prior to joining Ampex, had come up with the idea of making a carnival-like pizza place with animatronics and games, and discussed this idea with Dabney.[5] After seeing a computer system at theStanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, the two came up with the concept of using a smaller computer or video systems, adding coin slots, and allowing people to pay to play games on this.[2]
Dabney and Bushnell jointly created a partnership called Syzygy (named afterastronomy term representing an alignment of celestial bodies) in 1971. When they decided to incorporate, they discovered another company had that name and therefore established their corporation under the nameAtari, Inc., based on theGo term equivalent to chess's "check", as both had been avid fans of the game.[4][6] Their first product wasComputer Space, inspired by having seenSpacewar! running at various computer laboratories. Dabney created a motion system using a video circuit made up of cheap analog and digital components of a standard television set rather than acquire an expensive computer, while Bushnell designed its cabinet and worked withNutting Associates to manufacture the game at scale.[6] Bushnell used this to convinceAl Alcorn, another Ampex employee, to leave and join Atari to help program more of these games.[7] Under Bushnell's direction, Alcorn used Dabney's video circuit concept to create the programming for Atari's next game,Pong. Dabney constructed the coin slot mechanism portion of the cabinet. Once their one-off version proved successful, they ramped up production for scale, with Dabney overseeing the manufacturing process.Pong became the first successful arcade video game.[6]
AsPong became successful, Dabney felt overshadowed by both Bushnell and Alcorn. He learned that Bushnell had patented his video circuit idea without including Dabney on the patent.[6][3][8] Bushnell also had assigned Dabney a lower-level position in Atari and did not include him in high-level meetings.[6] Around March 1973, Dabney left the company over this falling out, selling his portion of the company's ownership forUS$250,000.[6][9][1] Dabney did continue to help Bushnell with starting his Pizza Time Theater (the predecessor ofChuck E. Cheese's) andCatalyst Technologies as an employee, being wary of Bushnell's previous treatment of him.[10][2] Alongside these, he worked for several companies, includingRaytheon andFujitsu, and at other times working on his own projects for his own video game company Syzygy Game Company, where he made games that Bushnell used for his Pizza Time Theaters, including an arcade quiz game based on science fiction writerIsaac Asimov.[3] Dabney also helped with the automated ticket number system used by the restaurants.[3] When Pizza Time Theater went under, and Bushnell could not pay Dabney what he owed him, Dabney opted to close down Syzygy, and ended his friendship with Bushnell.[3] Dabney went to work atTeledyne for about ten years before deciding to leave the industry.[2]
Dabney married twice. First with Joan Wahrmund, with whom he had two daughters, later with Carolyn, who he predeceased.[1]
After leaving the computer industry, Ted and Carolyn Dabney managed a grocery store and later a deli inCrescent Mills, California.[2][1] Around 2006, they moved from California to a property he owned nearOkanogan National Forest in Washington.[3] The Dabneys later returned to California, taking up residence inClearlake, a city north of San Francisco.
After his departure from Atari, Dabney did not receive much publicity, and until 2009, his contributions towards Atari and the early days of video games were generally forgotten.[1][6] Dabney reappeared in 2009, following an announcement made byParamount Pictures the previous year that they were going to make abiographical film based on Nolan Bushnell, but had never approached Dabney for any input.[3] Dabney gave an interview with video game historian Leonard Herman inEdge that described his contributions towards Atari, and acknowledged that "I'm sure [Bushnell] had no desire to even acknowledge that I ever existed" and "He wouldn't give me any credit even while I was still there".[3] He was the subject of an oral history discussion with the Computer History Museum in July 2012.[11]
The Dabneys lost their Lake County home in the August 2016Clayton Fire,[12] relocating to nearby Clearlake.[13] A GoFundMe account was set up to help the Dabneys resettle, but it was cancelled after Dabney confirmed that he didn't need it. Dabney was diagnosed withesophageal cancer in late 2017, and opted against treatment after being told he had eight months to live.
Dabney admitted he cut almost all ties to the video game industry and had minimal involvement with it in his later years. He said about the only involvement in it was when he'd watch his grandchildren play their games, and he'd tell them "Grandpa helped make these games, and they'd look at me like I'm crazy, because if I helped invent video games, why wasn't I more known like Walt Disney or Steve Jobs?"[14]In March 2018, members of theSmithsonian Institution interviewed Dabney for an oral history from his point of view, which ran for eight hours at his home in California.[15]
He died on May 26, 2018, in his Clearlake home from complications from the cancer.[1][10]
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